概率论与数理统计：6-3 抽样分布

1、第三节 抽样分布一、基本概念二、常见分布三、小结一、基本概念1. 统计量的定义是不是 实例12. 几个常用统计量的定义(1) 样本平均值(2) 样本方差其观察值其观察值(3) 样本标准差其观察值(4) 样本k 阶(原点)矩其观察值(5) 样本k 阶中心矩其观察值证明再根据第五章辛钦定理知由以上定义得下述结论: 辛钦定理 由第五章关于依概率收敛的序列的性质知 以上结论是下一章所要介绍的矩估计法的理 论根据. 3. 经验分布函数经验分布函数的做法如下:实例实例一般地，格里汶科定理格里汶科资料二、常见分布统计量的分布称为抽样分布.自由度是指上式右端包含的独立变量的个数.证明性质1( 此性质可以推广到

2、多个随机变量的情形. )性质2证明根据正态分布的对称性知例1附表1-1 附表1-2课本附表5只详列到n=40为止.例2 在Matlab中求解附表2-1 附表2-2 附表2-3 例如利用上面公式,而查详表可得费希尔(R.A.Fisher)证明: 费希尔资料t 分布又称学生氏(Student)分布.2.随机数演示分布函数与密度函数演示学生氏资料形.当n充分大时,其图形类似于标准正态变量概率密度的图由分布的对称性知例3 在Matlab中求解附表3-1附表3-23.随机数演示分布函数与密度函数演示根据定义可知,例4 在Matlab中求解附表4-2附表4-1证明4. 正态总体的样本均值与样本方差的分布定

3、理一定理二证明由 t 分布的定义知定理三且两者独立,定理四证明(1) 由定理二(2)三、小结两个最重要的统计量:样本均值样本方差三个来自正态分布的抽样分布:辛钦定理返回 附表1-1标准正态分布表z01234567890.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.01.11.21.31.41.51.60.50000.53980.57930.61790.65540.69150.72570.75800.78810.81590.84130.86430.88490.90320.91920.93320.94520.50400.54380.58320.62170.65910.69500.7

4、2910.76110.79100.81860.84380.86650.88690.90490.92070.93450.94630.50800.54780.58710.62550.66280.69850.73240.76420.79390.82120.84610.86860.88880.90660.92220.93570.94740.51200.55170.59100.62930.66640.70190.73570.76730.79670.82380.84850.87080.89070.90820.92360.93700.94840.51600.55570.59480.63310.67000.7

5、0540.73890.77030.79950.82640.85080.87290.89250.90990.92510.93820.94950.51990.55960.59870.63680.67360.70880.74220.77340.80230.82890.85310.87490.89440.91150.92650.93940.95050.52390.56360.60260.64060.67720.71230.74540.77640.80510.83150.85540.87700.89620.91310.92780.94060.95150.52790.56750.60640.64430.6

6、8080.71570.74860.77940.80780.83400.85770.87900.89800.91470.92920.94180.95250.53190.57140.61030.64800.68440.71900.75170.78230.81060.83650.85990.88100.89970.91620.93060.94300.95350.53590.57530.61410.65170.68790.72240.75490.78520.81330.83890.86210.88300.90150.91770.93190.94410.95451.645返回附表1-2标准正态分布表z0

7、1234567891.61.71.81.92.02.12.22.32.42.52.62.72.82.93.00.94520.95540.96410.97130.97720.98210.98610.98930.99180.99380.99530.99650.99740.99810.99870.94630.95640.96480.97190.97780.98260.98640.98960.99200.99400.99550.99660.99750.99820.99900.94740.95730.96560.97260.97830.98300.98680.98980.99220.99410.9956

8、0.99670.99760.99820.99930.94840.95820.96640.97320.97880.98340.98710.99010.99250.99430.99570.99680.99770.99830.99950.94950.95910.96710.97380.97930.98380.98710.99040.99270.99450.99590.99690.99770.99840.99970.95050.95990.96780.97440.97980.98420.98780.99060.99290.99460.99600.99700.99780.99840.96980.9515

9、0.96080.96860.97500.98030.98460.98810.99090.99310.99480.99610.99710.99790.99850.99980.95250.96160.96930.97560.98080.98500.98840.99110.99320.99490.99620.99720.99790.99850.99990.95350.96250.97000.97620.98120.98540.98870.99130.99340.99510.99630.99730.99800.99860.99990.95450.96330.97060.97670.98170.9853

10、0.98900.99160.99360.99520.99640.99740.99810.99861.00001.96返回附表2-1=0.250.100.050.0250.010.005123456789101112131415161.3232.7734.1085.3856.6267.8419.03710.21911.38912.54913.70114.84515.98417.11718.24519.3692.7064.6056.2517.7799.23610.64512.01713.36214.68415.98717.27518.54919.81220.06422.30723.5423.841

11、5.9917.8159.48811.07112.59214.06715.50716.91918.30719.67521.02622.36223.68524.99626.2965.0247.3789.34811.14312.83314.44916.01317.53519.02320.48321.92023.33724.73626.11927.48828.8456.6359.21011.34513.27715.08616.81218.47520.09021.66623.20924.72526.21727.68829.14130.57832.0007.87910.59712.83814.86016.

12、75018.54820.27821.95523.58925.18826.75728.29929.89131.31932.80134.267分布表17.535返回=0.9950.990.9750.950.900.75123456789101112131415160.0100.0720.2070.4120.6760.9891.3441.7352.1562.6033.0743.5654.0754.6015.1420.0200.1150.2970.5540.8721.2391.6462.0882.5583.0533.5714.1074.6605.2295.8120.0010.0510.2160.484

13、0.8311.2371.6902.1802.7003.2473.8164.4045.0095.6296.2626.9080.0040.1030.3520.7111.1451.6352.1672.7333.3253.9404.5755.2265.8926.5717.2617.9620.0160.2110.5841.0641.6102.2042.8333.4904.1684.8655.5786.3047.0427.7908.5479.3120.1020.5751.2131.9232.6753.4554.2555.0715.8996.7377.5848.4389.29910.16511.03711.

14、9123.247附表2-2分布表返回=0.250.100.050.0250.010.0051718192021222324252627282930313220.48921.60522.71823.82824.93526.03927.14128.24129.33930.43531.52832.62033.71134.80035.88736.97324.76925.98927.20428.41229.61530.81332.00733.19634.38235.56336.74137.91639.08740.25641.42242.58527.58728.86930.14431.41032.6713

15、3.92435.17236.41537.65238.88540.11341.33742.55743.77344.98546.19430.19131.52632.85234.17035.47936.78138.07639.36440.64641.92343.19444.46145.71246.97948.23249.48033.40934.80536.19137.56638.93240.28941.63842.98044.31445.64246.96348.27849.58850.89252.19153.48635.71837.15638.58239.99741.40142.79644.1814

16、5.55946.92848.29049.64550.99352.33653.67255.00356.32834.382附表2-3分布表返回附表3-1 =0.250.100.050.0250.010.005123456789101112131415161.00000.81650.76490.74070.72670.71760.71110.70640.70270.69980.69740.69550.69380.69240.69120.69013.07771.88561.63771.53321.47591.43981.41491.39681.38301.37221.36341.35621.35021

17、.34501.34061.33686.31382.92002.35342.13182.01501.94321.89461.85951.83311.81251.79591.78231.77091.76131.75311.745912.7062 4.3027 3.1824 2.7764 2.5706 2.4469 2.3646 2.3060 2.2622 2.2281 2.2010 2.1788 2.1604 2.1448 2.1315 2.119931.8207 6.9646 4.5407 3.7469 3.3649 3.1427 2.9980 2.8965 2.8214 2.7638 2.71

18、81 2.6810 2.6503 2.6245 2.6025 2.583563.6574 9.9248 5.8409 4.6041 4.0322 3.7074 3.4995 3.3554 3.2498 3.1693 3.1058 3.0545 3.0123 2.9768 2.9467 2.9208分布表1.8125返回附表3-2 =0.250.100.050.0250.010.005123456789101112131415161.00000.81650.76490.74070.72670.71760.71110.70640.70270.69980.69740.69550.69380.6924

19、0.69120.69013.07771.88561.63771.53321.47591.43981.41491.39681.38301.37221.36341.35621.35021.34501.34061.33686.31382.92002.35342.13182.01501.94321.89461.85951.83311.81251.79591.78231.77091.76131.75311.745912.7062 4.3027 3.1824 2.7764 2.5706 2.4469 2.3646 2.3060 2.2622 2.2281 2.2010 2.1788 2.1604 2.14

20、48 2.1315 2.119931.8207 6.9646 4.5407 3.7469 3.3649 3.1427 2.9980 2.8965 2.8214 2.7638 2.7181 2.6810 2.6503 2.6245 2.6025 2.583563.6574 9.9248 5.8409 4.6041 4.0322 3.7074 3.4995 3.3554 3.2498 3.1693 3.1058 3.0545 3.0123 2.9768 2.9467 2.92082.1315分布表返回附表4-1分布表 1234567891012152024304012012345678910111

21、213141516171819647.838.5117.4412.2210.01 8.81 8.07 7.57 7.21 6.94 6.72 6.55 6.41 6.30 6.20 6.12 6.04 5.95 5.92799.539.0016.0410.65 8.43 7.26 6.54 6.06 5.71 5.46 5.26 5.10 4.97 4.86 4.77 4.69 4.62 4.56 4.51864.239.1715.44 9.98 7.76 6.60 5.89 5.42 5.08 4.83 4.63 4.47 4.35 4.24 4.15 4.08 4.01 3.95 3.90

22、899.639.2515.10 9.60 7.39 6.23 5.52 5.50 4.72 4.47 4.28 4.12 4.00 3.89 3.80 3.73 3.66 3.61 3.56921.839.3014.88 9.36 7.15 5.99 5.29 4.82 4.48 4.24 4.04 3.89 3.77 3.66 3.58 3.50 3.44 3.38 3.33937.139.3314.73 9.20 6.98 5.82 5.12 4.65 4.23 4.07 3.88 3.73 3.60 3.50 3.41 3.34 3.28 3.22 3.17948.239.3614.62

23、 9.07 6.85 5.70 4.99 4.53 4.20 3.95 3.76 3.61 3.48 3.38 3.29 3.22 3.16 3.10 3.05956.739.3714.54 8.98 6.76 5.60 4.90 4.43 4.10 3.85 3.66 3.51 3.39 3.29 3.20 3.12 3.06 3.01 2.96963.339.3914.47 8.90 6.68 5.52 4.82 4.36 4.03 3.78 3.59 3.44 3.31 3.21 3.12 3.05 2.98 2.93 2.88968.639.4014.42 8.84 6.62 5.46

24、 4.76 4.30 3.96 3.72 3.53 3.37 3.25 3.15 3.06 2.99 2.92 2.87 2.82976.739.4114.34 8.75 6.52 5.37 4.67 4.20 3.87 3.62 3.43 3.28 3.15 3.05 2.96 2.89 2.82 2.77 2.72984.939.4314.25 8.66 6.43 5.27 4.57 4.10 3.77 3.52 3.33 3.18 3.05 2.95 2.86 2.79 2.72 2.67 2.62993.139.4514.17 8.56 6.33 5.17 4.47 4.00 3.67

25、 3.42 3.23 3.07 2.95 2.84 2.76 2.68 2.62 2.56 2.51997.239.4614.12 8.51 6.28 5.12 4.42 3.59 3.61 3.37 3.17 3.02 2.89 2.79 2.70 2.63 2.56 2.50 2.45100139.4614.08 8.46 6.23 5.07 4.36 3.89 3.56 3.31 3.12 2.96 2.84 2.73 2.64 2.57 2.50 2.44 2.39100639.4714.04 8.41 6.18 5.01 4.31 3.84 3.51 3.26 3.06 2.91 2

26、.78 2.67 2.59 2.51 2.44 2.38 2.33101439.4913.95 8.31 6.07 4.90 4.20 3.73 3.39 3.14 2.94 2.79 2.66 2.55 2.46 2.38 2.32 2.26 2.20101839.5013.90 8.26 6.02 4.85 4.14 3.67 3.33 3.08 2.88 2.72 2.60 2.49 2.40 2.32 2.25 2.19 2.134.90返回 1234567891015202430406012012345678910111213141516171819161.418.5110.13 7

27、.71 6.61 5.99 5.59 5.32 3.12 4.96 4.84 4.75 4.67 4.60 4.54 4.49 4.45 4.41 4.38199.519.00 9.55 6.94 5.79 5.14 4.74 4.46 4.26 4.10 3.98 3.89 3.81 3.74 3.68 3.63 3.59 5.55 3.52215.719.16 9.28 6.59 5.41 4.76 4.35 4.07 3.81 3.71 3.59 3.49 3.41 3.34 3.29 3.24 3.20 3.16 3.13224.619.25 9.12 6.39 5.19 4.53 4

28、.12 3.84 3.63 3.48 3.36 3.26 3.18 3.11 3.06 3.01 2.96 2.93 2.90230.219.30 9.01 6.26 5.05 4.39 3.97 3.69 3.48 3.33 3.20 3.11 3.03 2.96 2.90 2.85 2.81 2.77 2.74234.019.33 8.94 6.16 4.95 4.28 3.87 3.58 3.37 3.22 3.09 3.00 2.92 2.85 2.79 2.74 2.70 2.66 2.63236.819.35 8.89 6.09 4.88 4.21 3.79 3.50 3.29 3

29、.14 3.01 2.91 2.83 2.76 2.71 2.66 2.61 2.58 2.54238.919.37 8.85 6.04 4.82 4.15 3.73 3.44 3.23 3.07 2.95 2.85 2.77 2.70 2.64 2.59 2.55 2.51 2.4824.0519.38 8.81 6.00 4.77 4.10 3.68 3.39 3.18 3.02 2.90 2.80 2.71 2.65 2.59 2.54 2.49 2.46 2.42241.919.40 8.79 5.96 4.74 4.06 3.64 3.35 3.14 2.98 2.85 2.75 2.67 2.60 2.54 2.49 2.45 2.41 2.38245.919.43 8.70 5.86 4.62 3.94 2.51 3.22 3.01 2.85 2.72 2.62 2.53 2.46 2.40 2.35 2.31 2.27 2.23248.019.45 8.66 5.80 4.56 3.87 3.44 3.1