成人学士学位英语考试复习资料全

1、.79/79一、时态和语态1. 如何解答时态问题 例1：Youve already missed too many classes this term. You _ just last week. A. missedB. would missC. had missedD. have missed 例2：Anne asked Tom _ the key. A. when he leftB. where he had leftC. how he leftD. why did he left考试重点：2. 与完成时有关的时态现在完成时 since, for/ in the past few mont

2、hs, up to now 例1：Collecting toy cars as a hobby becomes increasingly popular during the past fifty years. A B C D 例2：English _ in a new way at my college in the past few years. A. has been taught B. was being taught C. has been taught D. had been taught. 过去完成时 例3：Anne asked Tom _ the key. A. when he

3、 leftB. where he had leftC. how he leftD. why did he left例4：The chemistry class_ for five minutes when we hurried there. A. had been onB. had begunC. has been onD. would began将来完成时 by例5：Were late I expect the film_ by the time we get to the cinema. A. had already started B. have alreadyC. will alrea

4、dy have started D. have already been started. 现在完成进行时 例6：It seems oil _ from this pipe for some time. Well have to take the machine apart to put it right.A. had leaked B. is leaking C. leaked D. has been leaking过去完成进行时 将来完成进行时例7：By the time you arrive this evening, _for two hours. A. I will studyB.

5、I will have been studiedC. I had studiedD. I will have been studying.3. 在时间和条件状语从句中不用将来时态用一般现在时代替一般将来时例1：When the mixture_, it will give off a powerful force. A. will heatB. will be heatedC. is heatedD. has heated 例2：please be sure to telephone me the next time you _. A. will comeB. would comeC. sha

6、ll comeD. come用现在完成时代替将来完成时例3：Smith is to study medicine as soon as he_ military service. A. will finishB. has finishedC. finishD. would finish注意：例4：No one can be sure if the car on display fits him or her until he or she_ them. A. triesB. will tryC. are tryingD. have tried4. 考试小窍门考试中如果遇到与完成时态相关的选项,

7、要重点加以研读,一般说来是正确答案。二、情态动词1. 几个情态动词的否定式的含义cant may notmustntneedt 2. 表示推测的几个情态动词用法must表示肯定的推测,意思是一定 +do 对现在情况的推测must +have done 对过去情况的推测例1：I _ asleep in the corner, for I remember nothing of what happened during the night. A. might fallB. must fallC. must have fallenD. can have fallen cant/couldt表示否定的

8、推测,意思是不可能 +do 对现在情况的推测 cant/couldnt +have done 对过去情况的推测 may/might not表示可能性很小的推测,意思是也许 +do 对现在情况的推测 may/might +have done 对过去情况的推测3. 情态动词的完成时虚拟语气的用法neednt have doneshould have doneshould not have doneought to have donecould have done 4. 考试小窍门在遇到情态动词加完成时和情态动词加原形同时出现的情况下,一般说来情态动词加完成时是正确答案。 Must do Must

9、have done 三、虚拟语气赵文通 考试重点：1. 条件句中的虚拟语气例：I would ask George to lend us the money if I _ him. A. had knownB. have knownC. knewD. would know 例：If a better material _, the strength of the part would have been increased. A. had been usedB. had been usingC. being usedD. using条件句中的虚拟语气需要注意以下三点： 如果条件句中有were,

10、 had, should时,可以把if省略,然后把这三个单词提前,形成倒装。例3：_ the advice of his friends, he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business.A. If he tookB. if he should takeC. Were he to takeD. Had he taken 含蓄条件句中虚拟语气的应用三级考试中经常出现的三个句型：But for/without, otherwise/or, but/though.例：But for your help, I _ the wor

11、k in time. A. did not finishB. could not finish A. will not finishD. would not have finished例：Without electricity, human life _ quite different today.A. isB. will beC. would have been D. would be例：He was very busy yesterday; otherwise he_ to the meeting.A. would have comeB. would comeC. could comeD.

12、 had come例：We would have made a lot of money, but we halfway A. gave upB. had given upC.would give upD. were to give up 错综时间条件句例：If I were you, I would not have missed the film last night.2. +动词原形在某些从句中的应用 1当宾语从句从的谓语是suggest, request, insist, desire , demand, propose, order, command, arrange等动词时,如:

13、例：I suggested that we should go there on foot. 注意:当insist表示坚持认为之意时, 不用虚拟语气,用陈述语气. 如: 例：The man insisted that he had never stolen the money 2 It is ordered/desired/decided/requested/strange/important/natural/ 等后的主语从句中 例：It is desired that we should get everything ready tonight 3 advice, idea, order,

14、plan, demand, proposal, suggestion, request等名词之后的表语从句和同位语从句中.如: 例：My suggestion is that we should hold a meeting this evening3. wish后的宾与从句中应当用虚拟语气4. if only 引导的感叹句中5. as if/as though引导的状语从句中6. would rather后的句子的虚拟语气谓语动词用过去式7. it is time that .句型中, 从句的谓语动词用过去式四、非谓语动词1. 不定式不定式的逻辑主语例：The road is wild en

15、ough for cars to pass by. 例：It is important for you to work hard. 例：It is kind of you to help me. 不定式的时态和语态例：The magnificent museum is said _ about a hundred years ago. A. to be builtB. to have been built C. to have builtD. to have being built使用不带to的不定式1why not do表示委婉的建议例：Why not_Professor Li for he

16、lp He is kind-hearted and willing to help. A. askB. you askC. to askD. your asking2使役动词have, make, let的后面接不定式做宾语补足语时,用省to的不定式。例：The teacher has the students _ a composition every other week. A. to writeB. writtenC. writingD. write例：While he was climbing the high mountain, he had his leg_ A. brokeB.

17、breakC. brokenD. breaking 例：There was so much noise that the speaker couldnt make himself_ A. hearingB. being toldC. to hearD. heard3表示生理感觉的动词如see, watch, notice, observe, hear后面接不定式做宾语补足语时,用省to的不定式。例：With tears on her face, the old lady watched the little boy_ to a hospital. A. sendB. to be sentC.

18、being sentD. sending4do something but/except do例：There is nothing we can do _ wait. A. butB. rather than C. in spite ofC. besides.5记住下列不带to的短语cant butcant help buthad better2. 动名词1. 有些动词后面既可以接动名词又可以接不定式,但意思有差异remember forgetregret stopgo on mean 2. 后面跟动名词的固定句式have trouble/problems/difficult doing so

19、methingfeel likespend/wastedoing somethingcant helpneed/deserve/wantbe worthwhat about/how about3. 分词分词作表语独立主格结构例1：During the discussion, Mr Boyd remained silent when asking his opinion. A B C D例2：Your experiment reports must be checked with care before_A. handed them in B. them handing in C. being

20、handed in D. handing them in例：_ in the air fuels give off heat. A. T burn B. Burned C. T be burned D. Being burned五、状语从句赵文通考试重点：1 时间状语从句 while/when/as/until 一就no soonerthan/hardlywhen/scarcelywhen the momentthe minutethe instant 固定句型It is/has been .since1. 原因状语从句now that in that2. 条件状语从句unless as lo

21、ng as provided that3. 让步状语从句asthoughalthougheven ifeven thoughwhilewhatever例1：If you read the book a second time, and you will probably have quite a different A B Cunderstanding of the events described in it. D例2：Hard as he worked, but Mr. Brown couldnt keep the shop properly. A B C D六、平行结构and, or,

22、but比较级例1：I enjoy eating in good restaurants and to go to the theater afterwards. A B C D例：It usually takes much less time to fly from one country to another than traveling by train. A B C D例：The rooms were then empty and most of them have been shut up. A B C DPrefer引出的平行结构：Prefer something to someth

23、ingPrefer doing something to doing somethingPrefer to do something rather than do somethingPrefer的特殊用法：Prefer somebody to do somethinge.g : I prefer you to speak English in the class. 1、a number of, the number of a number of +可数名词,谓语用复数,意为许多,大量的 the number of +可数名词,谓语用单数,意为的数目2、able, capable, compet

24、ent able为常用词,指具有做某事所需的力量,技巧,知识与时间等,搭配是be able to do s.th。如：A cat is able to see in the dark. 猫在黑暗中能看见东西。 capable 指满足一般要求的能力,搭配是be capable of +doing。competent 指胜任,合格,或受过专业技术等训练的,但不是超群的能力。如：A doctor should be competent to treat many diseases. 医生应该能治多种病。3、above all；after all；at all; in allabove all意为尤其

25、是、首先、最重要的是,常位于句首或句中,作插入语,起强调作用。如： But above all tell me quickly what I have to do可首先快些告诉我该做什么。 after all意为毕竟、终究、终归、到底,在句中位置较灵活。可位于句首、句中或句末。如： After all,your birthday is only two weeks away毕竟,两周后就是你的生日。 He is,after all,a small child他毕竟还是个小孩子。 He failed after all他终于失败了。 at all用于否定句时,意为丝毫；根本,用于疑问句时意为究竟

26、；到底,用于条件句时,常译为当真；实在。用于肯定句中,表示说话人的某种情绪或情感如怀疑或惊奇等,意为竟然等。如： He doesnt like you at all他根本不喜欢你。 Are you going to do it at all？你究竟做不做这件事？ If you do it at all,do it well若你真要做这件事,就得做好。 I was surprised at his coming at all他竟然来了,我很惊讶。 in all意为总共,既可放在句首,也可放在句末。如： There are 25,000 Inuit in all 这儿共有25,000因努伊特人。

27、4、aboard, abroad, board, broadaboard 在船或飞机,车上。如：I never went aboard a ship.abroad 副词,在国外或海外。如：He often goes abroad.board 为动词,上船,飞机,车。如：The passengers are boarding the plane now.broad 为形容词,宽广的。如：He has very broad shoulders.5、accept, receiveaccept 接受,receive接到,收到。如：I received an invitation yesterday,

28、but I didnt accept it. 昨天我收到了一个请柬,但并没有接受邀请。6、accident, incident, event accident事故。如：a traffic accident 交通事故 incident附带事件,在政治上特指引起国际争端或战争的事件,事变。 event 事件,指特别重要的事件,通常是由以前的努力而产生的结果,也指国家和社会的事件。7-accurate, correct, exact, preciseaccurate准确的,精确的。如：Clocks in railway stations should be accurate.火车站的钟应该是准确的。

29、correct正确的,指符合一定的标准或准则,含有无错误的意味。它的反义词是incorrect, wrong.exact精确的,恰好的,比大体上正确更进一步,表丝毫不差。它的反义词是inexact。precise强调精确,精密。8、accuse, charge, sueaccuse 指责,指控,常与of 搭配。如：His boss accused him of carelessness.charge 常与with搭配。如：The police charged the driver with reckless driving.sue 常与for 搭配。如：Smith sued his neigh

30、bor for damaging his house.9、acquire, require, inquireacquire取得,获得,学到。如：acquire knowledge 获得知识inquire打听,询问。如：inquire a persons name问一个人的姓名require需要。如：We require more help. 我们需要更多的帮助。10、adopt, adaptadopt 收养。如：Since they have no children of their own, they decided to adopt a little girl. 他们自己没有孩子,所以决定

31、收养一个小女孩。采纳,采用,通过。如：He adopted our suggestion.他采纳了我们的建议。adopt与adapt词形相近,后者的意思是使适合,改编等。11、advantage, benefit, profitadvantage 常指一种使某人处于比其他人相对有利的地位,机会或时机。如：He had the advantage of good education. 受过良好的教育对他十分有利。profit 多指报偿或报偿性的收入。如Did you make any profit last year 你去年赚钱了吗？benefit 指物质利益或精神方面的好处。如：I get n

32、o personal benefit from the business.我个人从这家企业中并不获益。12、1affect, effectaffect影响动词。如Smoking affects health.effect效果,影响名词。如：Government policy will not have any effect on us.13、afford, provide, supply 都有提供,供给的意思。afford一般只用于抽象事物。provide 和supply意思相同,两个词都和with连用,构成provide /supply somebody with something的结构。

33、14、ago, beforeago表示以现在为起点的以前,常与一般过去时连用,不可以单独使用。before指过去或将来的某时刻以前,也可泛指以前,常和完成时连用,可以单独使用。例如,I saw him ten minutes ago.我十分钟之前看到的他。He told me that he had seen the film before.他告诉我他以前看过这场电影。15、agree on；agree to；agree with agree on作就取得一致意见解。例如： The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month 上

34、月,就建一座新汽车厂之事达成了协议。 agree to有两层含义和用法：其一是to作为动词不定式符号,其后跟动词原形,作同意答应做某事解。例如： My father agreed to buy a new pen for me 父亲答应给我买支新钢笔。 其二是to作为介词,之后跟表示计划条件建议等一类的名词或代词。例如： They have a greed to our plan 他们已同意我们的计划。 agree with作同意某人的意见解,其后可跟表示人的名词或代词,也可跟表示意见或说的话的名词或从句。例如： He agreed with my opinions 他同意了我的意见。 We

35、agreed with what he said at the meeting 我们同意他在会上讲的话。 16、alive, living, livealive 指虽有死的可能,但仍活着,一般只作表语。living可用于人或物,作定语时可前可后。live只做前置定语,用于动物和个别事物前。17、almost, nearly一般说来,almost比nearly 表示的意思更接近开始、完成 目标等。在all, every, always 前,两者都可用。如：He is almost smoking. 他几乎每天抽烟。almost可同never, no, nobody, none, nothing

36、连用,而nearly却不能。如：Almost no one believed her. 几乎没人相信他。18、alone, lonelyalone只表独自的客观状态,没有感情色彩,只作表语；lonely表孤独,：寂寞,能作定语和表语。如：When she is left alone, she feels lonely. 剩下她一人时她就感到寂寞。alone, only均可表只有,但alone须置于被修饰词之后,only往往置于被修饰词前。如：He alone can remember the story. 只有他才能记起这段经历。19、altogether, all togetheraltog

37、ether总计,总共。如：Altogether there are six of us. 我们总计六人。all together 全都在一起。如：We played the game all together. 我们大家都一起来玩游戏吧。20、although; though; as 三者均可表示尽管；虽然,引导让步状语从句。although用法较正式,语气较强；though较常用；as则主要用于倒装句。它们的用法有如下几点值得注意： 状语从句由although, though或as引导,主句之前不可有but, and, so, however等并列连词,但可有yet或still等副词。alt

38、hough与though常可互换。例如： AlthoughThough he believes it, yet he will not act 他虽然相信它,但却不肯有所行动。 as表示尽管；虽然,只能用于倒装句,即：将表语、状语或谓语动词放在as之前。though也可这么用。例如： Young asthough he is, he knows a lot 他虽然年纪不大,却懂得很多。 注意：如果表语是单数名词,要省略a。例如： Child asthough he is, he can speak two foreign languages 虽然他是个孩子,但他会说两门外语。 though可以

39、放在句末,表示但是,although却不能。例如： They said they would come; they did not, though 他们说他们会来,可是他们并没有来。 although只用来陈述事实,不能表示假设。因此可以说even though即使以及as though好像,不能说even although或as although。例如： I believe you are on dutyeven though youre in plain clothes 尽管你穿着便衣,我相信你是在值勤。21、among, betweenamong 在中间三者或三者以上之间。如：Our h

40、ouse is hidden among trees.between在两者之间。如：It is easy to distinguish between a Japanese and a Chinese.22、answer, reply, respond用作动词,都可表回答,答复。answer是常用词,后可接letter回信,question回答问题,doorbell开门,telephone接电话,advertisement应征广告等。reply较正式,一般只作不及物动词,可与to连用。如：He has replied to my letter.他回答了我信中提的问题。respond作回答解,用

41、得较少,也同to 搭配。如：He quickly responded to the question. 他很快就回答了问题。另外,respond还可表对反应,响应。23、approve, proveapprove1赞成,同意。如：I dont approve of wasting time.我不赞成浪费时间。2批准,通过。如：The minister approved the building plan. 部长批准了建筑计划。prove和approve词形相似,prove是证明,表明是等。24、arise/rise/raise/ arousearise是一个不及物动词,意思是起源于和from连

42、用和出现。rise是一个不及物动词,意思是上升,该词是不及物动词：rise, rose, risenraise是一个及物动词,意思是举起。arouse的意思是引起,导致。Black smoke rose from the chimney. He is too weak to raise that heavy box. Accidents usually arise from carelessness . A crisis has arisen in their marrige. Matts behavior was arousing the interest of the neighbors.

43、25、as far as; as long as assofar as的意思是就而言所知,as far as sthis concerned是其中一种具体用法,意为就某事而言；as long as意为只要,引导条件状语从句。如：As far as I know, more than 10 million laid-off workers have found their new jobs 就我所知,一千多万下岗工人已经找到了新的工作。There is nothing that we cant do so as long as we keep on trying to do it 只要我们不断地

44、努力去做,就没有什么事干不成。As far as the tourism of China is concerned, there is a long way to go就中国的旅游业而言,需要做的工作还很多。26、as though；even though；though as thoughas if,意为好像；似乎,引导方式状语从句或表语从句。如： He spoke as thoughas ifhe had been here before他说话的口气好像他以前来过这里。 It looks as ifas thoughit is going to rain看起来好像要下雨。 even tho

45、ugheven if,意为即使,引导让步状语从句。though也引导让步状语从句,意为虽然；even though有退一步设想的意味,与though不同。though引导的句子所说的是事实,even though引导的句子所说的则不一定是事实。例如： He will not tell the secret even thougheven ifhe knows it即使他知道这个秘密,他也不肯说出来。 He will not tell the secret though he knows it他虽然知道这个秘密,但他不会说出来。27、assure, ensure, insureassure的意思

46、是使某人确信,一般用作：assure sb. of /that,后面不能直接跟that从句。 ensure的意思是保证,后面可以接双宾语,也可以接that从句。 insure的意思是给上保险。例如：He assured me that it was true. We cant ensure you a good post. My house is insured against fire28、at the beginning；in the beginning at the beginning 在初；在开始的时候。常与of连用。例如： Students usually have a study

47、plan at the beginning of term 学生们在开学初制定学习计划。 in the beginning 相当于at first,表示起初、开始时,含起初是这种情况,而后来却不是这种情况之意,不与of连用。例如： In the beginning,some of us took no interest in physics 起初我们有些人对物理不感兴趣。29、at the time; at that time; at one time; at a time at the time通常用于过去时句子中,指某件事情发生的当时、那时。例如： Many people saw the

48、strange thing happen at the time 当时,许多人都看到了这件奇怪的事情的发生。 有时,at the time的后面可接of短语。这时,它表示在某事态发生的时候或在的时代。例如： Were you in San Francisco at the time of the big earth quake in 19891989年旧金山发生地震时,你在那里吗？ at that time 则通常指前文明确提到的某个时期、时候。通常其后不带of短语。例如： In the 17th century much corn was grown in Tibet and Sichuan

49、At that time the land along the Changjiang River was becoming very crowded at one timeduring a period of time in the past意为过去有一段时期,曾经。例如： They used to be good friends at one time 他们曾经是好朋友。 at a time则意为一次,表示一个时间单位。它常与表示数量的词语连用,表示频率。例如： Dont speak all at onceOne at a time, please 不要同时一起说。一次只一个人说。 Take

50、 the medicine three times a day and three pieces at a time 这些药每天服三次,每次服三粒。 30、awake, wake, waken都可作动词。awake既可及物,也可不及物,多用于比喻。wake常指睡醒,多为不及物动词。waken多用作及物动词,常指吵醒,惊醒。31、await, waitawait是及物动词。如：I await your further instructions.wait等、等候,是不及物动词,后常接介词for。如：I will wait for you at the school gate. 32、award,

51、prize, rewardaward, reward作动词。award意为授予奖品,奖金等,后面可跟双宾语；reward意为报酬,酬谢,只能跟人或以人的行为作宾语。award, prize, reward作名词时,award常指奖金,奖品；prize多指在竞赛、竞争中获胜所赢得的奖；reward则指为某项劳动或行为所付的酬金。33、becausesinceasfor 这四个词都是表示原因或理由的连接词,但是as,because,since是从属连词,引导原因状语从句,for是并列连词,所引导的不是原因状语从句,而是表示理由的对等句子,是对前面所讲内容补充和说明。在语气上由强至弱依次为becau

52、sesinceasfor。because引导的从句多置于句末,表示直接的原因或理由,表示产生那种结果的必然的因果关系,在回答why的提问时,必须用because作答。 如：We stayed at home because it rained因为下雨我们呆在家里。 as与since引导的从句多置于句首,不过as表示十分明显的原因,只说明一般的因果关系,可译为因为、由于；而since则表示稍加分析、对方已知的原因,一般可译为既然。如： As he was not feeling well,I decided to go there alone由于他身体欠佳,我决定独自去那里。 Since eve

53、ryone is here,lets start既然大家都到了,咱们就开始吧。 for引导的从句一般放在句末,其前用逗号,它所叙述的理由是间接的,即推测性理由,或是对前面叙述的事实或看法的补充说明。如： There must be nobody in the classroom,for the light is off教室里一定没有人,因为灯灭了。推测性理由 34、beat, winbeat表在比赛和战斗中打败对手,后接对手作宾语。Win作及物动词时,其宾语为游戏、比赛、战斗、奖金等名词。如：He has won the race.他赢得了赛跑的胜利。35、beside, besidesbes

54、ide在旁边。如：Come and sit beside me.besides除之外。如：I have two other umbrellas besides this one.36、besides；except；but 三者都可以用作介词。用于肯定句中时,exceptbut意为除外不再有；besides意为除外还有。请比较： All of them have seen the film exceptbut Wu Dong 除了吴东外,他们都看过了那部影片。 All of them have seen the film besides Wu Dong 除了吴东看过那部影片外,他们也都看过了。

55、except后接名词、代词、ing或不定式时,可以与but互换；except后接副词、介词短语时,一般不能为but所替换。如：Ill do everything exceptbut cook 除了做饭,我什么事情都干。 This window is never opened except in summer 除了在夏天,这个窗子从不打开。 用在否定句中,三者可以互换。如： There arent any other people to do the work exceptbutbesides you 除了你,没人能做这工作。 37、be known as； be known for； be k

56、nown to； be known in be known as 意为作为而著名,其后的名词表示一个人的身份、职业等。如： Liu Huan is known as a singer刘欢作为一个歌手而出名。 Were sure youll be well-known as an artist我们相信你会成为一位著名的画家。 be known for 意为因而著名,其后所接内容表示某人或物的特点、特长等。如： Guilin is known for her beautiful mountains and riversXX因其美丽的山水而闻名。 Mr Geldof is well-known fo

57、r organizing two big pop concerts on the same day 盖尔多夫先生因在同一天组织两场大型的流行音乐会而出名。 be known to 为所了解知道,其后接表示人的词语。人们都知道,其后接动词原形。如： He is known to all in our village村子里的人都了解他。 He was known to have invented many thingsIt was known that he had invented many things人们都知道他已经发明了很多东西。 38、borrow, lendborrow借入。如：Can

58、 I borrow your pen for a momentlend把借给。如：Can you lend me your bike39、bring/take/fetch/carry bring 带来：表示从别处把某人或某物拿到说话者处。 take 取走：表示将某物从讲话者处带走 fetch 去取：表示到某地将某物或某人拿到讲话者处。 carry 携带：表示用人力或交通工具把某物或某人,从一地带到另一地。该动词不含方向意味。The ball went over the fence and one of the players asked a boy to fetch it.The citys

59、underground carries more people than the buses. You had better take an umbrella with you in case of rain. Waiter, bring me a bottle of beer please. 40、cause, reasoncause 指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因,后接of sth./doing sthreason用来解释某种现象或结果的理由,后接for sth./doing sth. the reason for being late41、chance, opportunity, occ

60、asionchance多指偶然的机会,意外的机会,带有侥幸的意味。如：Even so, it was a lucky chance that he could do it.即使如此,那也是他凭着侥幸才做到这点。opportunity主要指能够去做某事,尤其是达到自己目的,实现某种愿望的好机会。如：You should make the most of your opportunities of seeing the country and learning the language.你应该尽量利用你的机会去看看这个国家,学习它的语言。occasion主要指时机,场合,也含有机会的意思。如：Th