2023版高三一轮总复习英语（译林版）语法考点突破教案

1、板块一词形的变换第1讲名词和数词前沿最新动态题型高考典题试做语法填空1(2021新高考卷) The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we humans (human) are.2(2021全国甲卷) Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers (watchtower) to take pictures or just to wat

2、ch the local people going about their daily routines. 3(2020浙江卷)Later, they learned to work with the seasons (season), planting at the right time and, in dry areas, making use of annual floods to irrigate (灌溉) their fields.4(2020浙江卷1月)For Japan，the numbers (number) are more striking22 in 1950, 46 to

3、day and 53 in 2050.5(2018全国卷)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes (cause)命题角度解读1给出名词的单数形式，考查其复数形式；2给出数词的基数词，考查其序数词。短文改错1(2021全国乙卷)I always assist

4、my parents in doing the dish after meals.dishdishes2(2021全国甲卷)Many students say they will talk to their friend or classmates because theyre of the same age and can understand each other.friendfriends3(2020全国卷)Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick. chopstickchopsticks

5、4(2020全国卷)Luckily, I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations. vacationsvacation1可数名词单复数的错用；2可数名词与不可数名词的误用；3名词与名词所有格的误用；4序数词和基数词的误用。考点一名词的数eq avs4al(题组试做).单句语法填空1The paper was used for sealing up holes in walls and roofs (roof) in the cold and freezing winter. 2The pianos (piano) in the other

6、shop will be cheaper，but they are not as good.3Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves (wolf) would kill their farm animals or pets.4I spent ten minutes walking up and down the high street, desperately avoiding eye contact with passersby (passerby)5An ant has two stomachs (stom

7、ach). One holds the food for itself and the other is for food to be given to other ants.单句改错6(2021太原阶段测评)It is one of the official language of the United Nations to develop more effective communication.languagelanguages7(2021合肥第一次质量检测)My favourite sport is swimming, so I decided to go swimming in th

8、e sea one afternoon with my friend, Wang Fei and Li Lei.friendfriendseq avs4al(要点解读)一、名词单数变复数的规则变化变化规则例词一般情况加smapmaps；girlgirls；househouses；mouthmouths以th结尾的，加smonthmonths；truthtruths以s，x，sh，ch结尾的，加esclassclasses；boxboxes；brushbrushes；matchmatches但是stomach(胃)的复数是stomachs；ox(公牛)的复数是oxen“辅音字母y”结尾的，变y为

9、i加escitycities；countrycountries；partyparties；factoryfactories注意：以元音字母y结尾的则直接加s，如boyboys；toytoys以“辅音字母o”结尾的，一般加estomatotomatoes；potatopotatoes；heroheroes；NegroNegroes；mangomangoes注意：1少数名词加s或es均可，如volcanovolcano(e)s；mosquitomosquito(e)s2少数名词只加s，如pianopianos；photophotos以“元音字母o”结尾的，加sradioradios；zoozoos

10、；bamboobamboos以f，fe结尾的，通常变f或fe为v，再加eshalfhalves；leafleaves；shelfshelves；thiefthieves；wolfwolves；wifewives；lifelives；knifeknives但是也有的直接加s，如roofroofs；chiefchiefs；还有有两种复数形式的，如handkerchiefhandkerchiefs/handkerchieves合成名词变复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变成复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变成复数soninlawsonsinlawpasserbypassersbystoryte

11、llerstorytellersgobetweengobetweensgrownupgrownups二、名词单数变复数的不规则变化变化情况例词特殊变化childchildren；footfeet；toothteeth；mousemice；manmen；womanwomen注意：由man或woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是men和women，如an Englishmantwo Englishmen；但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans有些名词的单复数有不同的拼写方法细菌bacterium(单数)bacteria(复数)；资料、数据datum(单数)data(复数)；现象phe

12、nomenon(单数)phenomena(复数)考点二名词的所有格eq avs4al(题组试做).单句语法填空1In addition, the hostess (hostess) cooking will guarantee you a wonderful chance of tasting delicious Chinese food.2The article concludes that parents (parents) education affects their childrens future.3“ Todays (today) story is about the succe

13、ss of a poor child，”the teacher said.4Wed better stay in a hotel that is just a stones (stone) throw from the railway station for the sake of convenience.5Studies show that a childs (child) character is greatly influenced by his/her home environment.单句改错6But with my teammates encouragement, I was ab

14、le to communicate smoothly with them.teammatesteammates7My father new book, which is to be published next week, is sure to be another hit.fatherfathers8I deleted an afternoon work on the computer by mistake, which made me annoyed.afternoonafternoonseq avs4al(要点解读)名词的所有格1有生命的名词，其所有格一般在名词后加s。his fathe

15、rs boss 他爸爸的老板2表示时间、城市、地域、团体、机构等无生命的事物后也可加s，表示其所有格。todays paper 今天的报纸Englands shore 英国的海岸the cars design 这辆车的设计3在某些习惯用语中，也需要加s所有格。a stones throw 近在咫尺keep sb. at arms length 与某人保持距离；不亲近某人be at ones wits end 黔驴技穷4如果一样东西为两个人共有，则只在后一个名词后加s，如果不是共有的则两个名词后都要加s。Jane and Marys mother 简和玛丽的妈妈(共有，暗示简和玛丽是姐妹关系)J

16、anes and Marys mothers 简的妈妈和玛丽的妈妈(不是共有，分别指两位妈妈)5双重所有格：“a/two/some.名词of名词s/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格，“of名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人，不能表示事物。a friend of her mothers 她妈妈的一个朋友two photos of hers 她的两张照片考点三数词基数词与序数词eq avs4al(题组试做).单句语法填空1Its celebrations happened as early as the fifth (five) century.2The elevator broke down and

17、we had to walk up to the tenth (ten) floor.3Saturn is the second (two) biggest planet in the solar system.4Each year, hundreds (hundred) of the animals are killed for their fur.5Im a frequent traveller and I eat out twice (two) a day.6It has been snowing, roughly every third (three) day, for as long

18、 as Ive had the flu.单句改错7In the twenty century，local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals.twentytwentieth8Today, experts believe that nearly twothird of the worlds population live within eighty kilometers of the seacoast.twothirdtwothirds9Some men are old at sixtyfive; others

19、 are still as lively as crickets in their ninety.ninetyninetieseq avs4al(要点解读)一、基数词和序数词1表数量的数词叫基数词，如one, two, three.2表顺序的数词叫序数词，如first, second, third, fourth, fifth.二、基数词变序数词的规则1一二三要单独记：onefirst, two second, three third2th要从四加起：four fourth, five fifth.3eight少个t：eight eighth4nine删除e：nine ninth5ve用f来代

20、替：five fifth, twelve twelfth6ty变成tie：twenty twentieth三、序数词的使用1序数词在句中主要作定语，一般情况下序数词前要加定冠词。Monday is the second day of a week. 星期一是一周的第二天。2序数词前有时加不定冠词，表示“又一、再一”，相当于another。Would you like a second cup of tea? 你还想再来一杯茶吗？I had a third apple.我(吃了两个苹果后)又吃了一个苹果。3first, second等有时可表示一批人或物。The first milu deer

21、came from China in the 1860s.最早的一批麋鹿是在十九世纪六十年代从中国引进的。四、分数：分子用基数词，分母用序数词；分子大于1，分母用复数1/3: one third；2/5: two fifths第2讲形容词、副词的比较等级前沿最新动态题型高考典题试做语法填空1(2021新高考卷)The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets，the hotter (hot)the spring!2(2021全国甲卷)After spending some time lookin

22、g at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better (good) than to ride on a piece of history!3(2020全国卷) One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their finest (fine) work, so that he c

23、ould choose the best.4(2018全国卷)He screams the loudest (loud) of all.5(2017全国卷)Even worse (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.命题角度解读给出形容词、副词，考查其比较级或最高级形式。短文改错1(2021全国乙卷)Whats most, doing housework can be a form of.mostmore2(2020全国卷)See you sooner. soonersoon3(2018全国卷)I was afraid t

24、o speak in front of a larger group of people.largerlarge形容词、副词的原级、比较级和最高级形式的误用。考点一形容词的比较等级eq avs4al(题组试做).单句语法填空1He does not think that his beliefs make him any worse (bad) than any other man. 2Maybe it is because the first impression is the strongest (strong) that China Daily has become one part of

25、 my life.3The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be sweeter (sweet)4The bigger (big) the activity inequality of a country is, the higher its rate of obesity will be.5Of the two lectures, the first was by far the better (good), partly because the speaker had

26、 an extraordinary style.6Mobile phones are making our life easier (easy), but have reduced the need for facetoface communication.7Hes the best teacher in this school, even though he has the least (little) experience.8MinKyu Choi, 29, had bought the worlds thinnest (thin) laptop, advertised as being

27、slim enough to fit in an envelope.单句改错9(2021成都摸底)But sometimes the more we add，the bad our life becomes.badworse10In South Africa more than 1，000 rhinos get killed each year, which leads to the species having a much small population.smallsmaller11The dry the air becomes, the more easily people tend

28、to feel thirsty. drydrier12In the beginning, only three colors were usedred, white, and black. Now, many colors, such as yellow, purple, blue and green, are used for facial painting.manymore13This shirts neck is too small for me. Have you got one with a far big neck?bigbigger14There are less boys th

29、an girls in our multiculture association.lessfewer15I will purchase as more delicate a wallet as hers，if my salary increases by 15 percent.删除moreeq avs4al(要点解读)一、形容词比较等级的规则变化变化规则例词单音节的词，一般在后面加er和esttalltallertallestquickquickerquickest以“辅音字母e”结尾的词，在后面加r和stwidewiderwidestfinefinerfinest以“辅音字母y”结尾的词，变

30、y为i，再加er和esteasyeasiereasiestheavyheavierheaviest以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写这个辅音字母，再加er和estthinthinnerthinnesthothotterhottest以ow结尾的双音节词，多半加er和estnarrownarrowernarrowest多音节词在前面加more和mostattractivemore attractivemost attractive易错提醒有少数几个双音节以及er，le结尾的词，既可以加er和est，又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。如：common，clever，simple，s

31、tupid等。二、形容词比较等级的不规则变化goodbetterbest；bad/illworseworst；many/much moremost；oldolder/elderoldest/eldest；littlelessleast考点二副词的比较等级eq avs4al(题组试做).单句语法填空1Youll have to speak louder (loud)I cant hear you.2The new group of students is betterbehaved than the other group who stayed here earlier (early)3Li H

32、ua did very well in the examination, and I did no worse (badly), gaining 98 marks.4The detective said，“We must catch the kidnapper. The sooner (soon) the better.”5At first sight it looked less (little) like a capital city than a mining camp.6Stay farthest (far) from the door if you will be the last

33、person to step out of the elevator. 7Salesmen and waiters are two of the most (much) common jobs that students try to find during the summer months.8I know my sister better (well) than anyone else. Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it.单句改错9If there were no examinations, we should hav

34、e a more happier time. moremuch10He went to bed late than usual last night as he had a lot more work to do.latelater11After such a long and tough journey, my strength gave out and I couldnt walk any far.farfarther12For another, 5G will connect our devices efficiently than 4G, which makes Internet co

35、verage much wider.efficiently前加moreeq avs4al(要点解读)一、副词比较等级的规则变化变化规则例词单音节词，一般在后面加er和estfastfasterfastesthardharderhardest以“辅音字母e”结尾的单音节词，在后面加r和stlatelaterlatest以ly结尾的双音节词，变y为i，再加er和estearlyearlierearliest其他双音节和多音节词在前面加more和mostquicklymore quicklymost quicklyhappilymore happilymost happily二、副词比较等级的不规则

36、变化wellbetterbest; badlyworseworst; muchmoremost; littleless least; farfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest第3讲人称代词前沿最新动态题型高考典题试做语法填空1(2021新高考卷)As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”， and it will always stick in the visitors memory. It sure does in mine (I)2(2021全国乙卷)Ecotouris

37、m has its (it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s.3(2020新高考卷)As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves (they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.4(2018全国卷)When the gorillas and I frighte

38、ned each other, I was just glad to find them (they) alive.命题角度解读给出人称代词的主格形式，考查其宾格、所有格形式或反身代词；有时考查形容词性物主代词。短文改错1(2021全国甲卷)Only a few choose to deal with the problems on our own.ourtheir2(2020全国卷)Then I put the tomatoes and the beaten eggs into the pan together. “Not that way，”my mom tried to stop us

39、but failed.usme3(2020全国卷)Best of luck with yours learning kung fu in China. yoursyour/you人称代词主格、宾格、所有格及反身代词的误用。考点一主格代词、宾格代词、反身代词eq avs4al(题组试做).单句语法填空1Nervously facing challenges, I know I will whisper to myself (I) the two simple words “Be yourself”. 2Like university students, US high school studen

40、ts have the freedom to choose the courses that most interest them (they)3On my desk is a photo that my father took of me (I) when I was a baby.4If our parents do everything for us (we) children, we wont learn to depend on ourselves.5Our neighbors gave us a baby bird yesterday that hurt itself (it) w

41、hen it fell off its nest.6That evening I went to hear him (he) speak and was very impressed by his passion.单句改错7(2021大同学情调研)Performers tend to use our body movements to represent actions.ourtheir8It seemed that their equipment didnt work. A young man came up into the crowd and offered to examine the

42、m.themit9In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment which is created for them.yourselvesthemselves10Most of the kids these days have no one to tell their whats right and wrong.theirthemeq avs4al(要点解读)分类单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称人称代词主格Iyouhe，she，itweyouthey宾格meyouhim

43、，her，itusyouthem反身代词myselfyourselfhimself，herself，itselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves考点二形容词性与名词性物主代词eq avs4al(题组试做).单句语法填空1Their (they) job is to find bamboos in the city and return them to the countryside.2On my recent visit, I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by its (it) mot

44、her.3People in western countries have a lifestyle quite different from ours (we)4Nicky and I both have red hair but hers (she) is lighter than mine.5Apart from a few grammatical mistakes, this composition of yours (you) is well written.6The lawyer said, “This child is nobodys child until someone mak

45、es her theirs (their) officially.”7The President betrayed them when he went back on his (he) promise not to raise taxes.8You can get a new set of tools, or else you may use mine (I) for the time being.单句改错9(2021南阳模拟)Just then, a woman came, saying that the dog was her and that I could take it away a

46、s she had some more dogs at home.herhers10I truly do not expect a war between my country and your.youryours11She scanned the list of names to see if her was on it.herherseq avs4al(要点解读)分类单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称物主代词形容词性myyourhis，her，itsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshis，hers，itsoursyourstheirs板块二词性的转换第

47、1讲名词转换为形容词、名词或动词前沿最新动态题型高考典题试做语法填空1(2020全国卷)The beautiful (beauty) long branches covered with pinkcolored buds(蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.2(2020新高考卷)In the 18th and 19th centuries, wealthy (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art.3But then we got an off

48、icial letter and we were blown away.We are so proud of her.Its wonderful(wonder)4(2019全国卷)They also shared with us many traditional (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were.5(2018全国卷)Im a scientist (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.6(2018全国卷) To avoid knee pain，you can run on

49、soft surfaces，do exercises to strengthen (strength) your leg muscles(肌肉)，avoid hills and get good running shoes.命题角度解读1给出名词，考查其派生出的形容词形式；2给出名词，考查其派生出的另一名词形式；3给出名词，考查其派生出的动词形式。短文改错1(2019全国卷)To everyones surprising, the ball went into the net.surprisingsurprise2(2017全国卷)I enjoyed studying difference k

50、inds of cars and planes，playing pop music，and collecting the latest music albums.differencedifferent名词与形容词的误用。考点一名词转换为形容词eq avs4al(题组试做).单句语法填空1According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total global (globe) fertilizer consumption. 2Its never too early to make necessary prep

51、arations for a healthy and meaningful (meaning) college experience.3British Prime Minister paid an official (office) visit to China from Jan.31 to Feb.2.4He put his ear to the floor and heard angry (anger) shouts, but no words were distinguishable. 5The policy was rejected in favour of a more cautio

52、us (caution) approach.6She feels guilty (guilt) about spending less time lately with her two kids.7There can be no doubt that you will succeed in your scientific (science) research.8The US. is sending additional (addition) troops to the region where violence occurs frequently.9It is fashionable (fas

53、hion) to have short hair nowadays.10Unless you respect other peoples religions, horrible (horror) mistakes and conflicts will occur.单句改错11(2021成都第三次诊断性检测)Since then，to know myself has become an importance part of my life.importanceimportant12The traffic at the corner of the street is very danger for

54、 the school children. dangerdangerous13My little grandson is no trouble at all, but his 6yearold elder sister is rude and self.selfselfish14I count myself luck to have met the professor, who plays a vital role in my career. luckluckyeq avs4al(要点解读)名词转换为形容词后缀例词alcentrecentral在中心的；中央的originoriginal原来的

55、；起初的crimecriminal 刑事的；犯罪的practicepractical 实际的edgiftgifted有智慧的talenttalented有才能的；天才的ialofficeofficial 官方的；正式的facefacial 面部的raceracial 种族的financefinancial 金融的industryindustrial 工业的influenceinfluential 有影响的fulpeacepeaceful和平的；安静的；和睦的meaningmeaningful有意义的；意味深长的wonderwonderful精彩的；令人高兴的；令人惊奇的lesshopehope

56、less 没有希望的useuseless 没用的helphelpless无助的endendless无尽的ablefashionfashionable流行的；时髦的reasonreasonable公平的；合理的valuevaluable有价值的；宝贵的ibleaccessaccessible可到达的；可进入的；可使用的；易懂的horrorhorrible极坏的；恐怖的creditcredible可信的；可靠的ousdangerdangerous有危险的；不安全的couragecourageous勇敢的；无畏的ambitionambitious有雄心的；有抱负的；有野心的yguiltguilty感

57、到内疚的；有过失的；有罪责的tastetasty美味的；可口的hungerhungry饥饿的；挨饿的icsciencescientific科学的energyenergetic精力充沛的；充满活力的economyeconomic经济的；经济上的ishselfselfish自私的childchildish孩子气的；稚嫩的foolfoolish愚蠢的；傻的atefortunefortunate幸运的；吉利的affectionaffectionate表示关爱的icalgrammargrammatical语法的historyhistorical(有关)历史的；有关历史研究的tconfidenceconf

58、ident有信心的silencesilent沉默的absenceabsent缺席的；茫然的lycostcostly昂贵的friendfriendly友好的orderorderly有秩序的daydaily日常的考点二名词转换为名词、动词eq avs4al(题组试做).单句语法填空1The villager(village) autonomy is great innovation in the rural political system.2She was once in deep despair in her childhood (child) because of her physical

59、illness.3The President set the targets for the future to promote friendship (friend) with European countries.4Ms. Green has asked me to deputize (deputy) for her at the meeting.5In addition, planting trees helps improve and beautify (beauty) the environment.6She had to choose (choice) between giving

60、 up her job or hiring a babysitter.7She knew that Soli was trying to frighten (fright) her, so she smiled to hide her fear.8These human activities will endanger (danger) wildlife and affect the balance of ecosystem.单句改错9Now that you are able to take up arms and defense your motherland，we are all pro