英美合同法复习

1、英美合同法复习之单词索引按课本出现顺序Promise 允诺Remedy 救济Competent persons 有相应行为能力 之当事人Enforceable可（由法律）强制执行的Agreement 协议 P1Parties to the contract 合同当事人Offeror要约人Offer 要约Offeree 受要约人Acceptance 承诺Assurance 确诺Manifestation of intent 意思表示Commitment 许诺Promisor 允诺人Promisee 受允诺人Beneficiary 受益人Consideration 约因Benefit 利益Detr

2、iment 损害Advantage 利益Disadvantage 不利益Object of the contract 合同标的Statute of Frauds防止欺诈条例P2Formation 合同成立Enforcement 强制执行Performance 履行Discharge 解除Bilateral contract 双务合同Unilateral contract 单务合同A promise for a promise 以允诺换允 诺A promise for an act 以允诺换行为P3Incomplete contract 不完全履行合同Partial performance co

3、ntract 部分履彳亍 合同Actual contract 真实合同Express contract 明示合同P4Implied-in-fact contract 默示合同 /事 实默示的合同P5Quasi-contract准合 同 /implied-in-law contract 法律默示的合 同Meeting of minds 合意Injustice 不公正Unjust enrichment 不当得利Objective theory of contract 合同客观 理论Intent 意图Resonably prudent person standard 合理谨慎人的标准In jest开

4、玩笑In anger 生气In excitement 兴奋状态Invalid 无效 P6Formal contract 要式合同Contacts under seal 盖印合同Recognizance 具结Acknowledge 承认Negotiable instruments 可转让票据Letters of credit 信用证Invoice发票；发货单Bill of lading 提单Informal contract 非要式合同 /simplecontract 简单合同 P8Valid contract 有效合同Void contract 无效合同Voidable contract 可撤

5、销合同Unenforceable contract 不可强制执行 的合同Contractual capacity 订约能力Nondisclosure agreement/NDA 保密 协议Minors 未成年人Insane persons 精神病者Intoxicated persons 酗酒人Duress 胁迫Undue influence 不正当影响Fraud 欺诈 P9Cases involving mutual mistake 双方 都有误解的合同Contract at will 任意合同Excutedcontract/performedcontract/completed contra

6、ct 已履行/ 已 完成的合同Excutory contract 待执行合同P10Sources of contract law 合同法的渊源Common law 普通法/judge-made law 法官造法General principle 一般法律原则The Uniform Commercial Code/UCC 统一商法典National Conference of Commission onUniform State Law 美国统一州级法 律委员会全国大会Draft起草（法律）Merchant 商人 P11Restatement of the law, Second :Contra

7、cts法律整编第二版：合同法The American Law Institute 美国法学 会The Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods/CISG 联 合国国际货物买卖销售合同公约Firm offer rule实盘规则（不可撤销 要约规则）Mailbox rule 发信主义Battle of forms 格式之争Mirror image rule 镜像规则P12Jurisprudential foundation 法理学基 础Legal realism 法律现实主义Open-ended standard 开口标

8、准Formalities 形式Make whole 填平Electronic Signature Act 电子签章法 P13Electronic sound 电子声音Electronic symbol 电子符号Electronic process 电子程序Preserve 保留In writing 书面Laissez-faire 放任政策Freedom of contract 合同自由P14Classical law of contracts 古典合同法理论Objective rules 客观规则Certainty 确定性Predictability 可预见性Chain of distribu

9、tion for goods 物流链Form contract 标准合同Automobile contract 汽车买卖合同Mortgage contract 抵押合同Sale contracts for consumer goods 消费品买卖合同Legal theories 法律原理/理论Oppressive 强制性Decisional law 判例法Small-town virtue 小城道德标准Interest of business 商业的利益Rural context 农村环境Urban context 城市环境 P15Defenses to the enforcement of

10、acontract对合同履行的抗辩Trade usage行业惯例Specific performance 强制履行Expectation interest 预期利益Reliance interest 信赖利益Substitute performance 替代履彳亍Restitution 恢复原状Genuineness of assent 同意的真实性Duress 胁迫Undue influence 不正当影响Fraud 欺诈 P16Writing and form 书面和形式问题Equity衡平Court of common law 普通法院Chancery court/court of eq

11、uity 衡平法院Fairness 公平Moral rights 道德权利Natural law 自然法Doctrine of equity 衡平准则P17Lawyers 法律人Case law 判例法Public policy社会公共政策P19Novation （合同）更新Liquidated damages 违约金Covenant of good faith 善意条款P20Mutual assent 双方同意A reasonably prudent person 合理谨 慎人 P21Offeror要约人Offeree 受要约人Promise 承诺Accept 承诺Invitation to

12、 negotiate 要约邀请/谈判 邀请Form letter 格式信函Quote报价Promissory estoppel 允诺禁反言；不 得自食其言 P22Standard of offer 判断要约的标准A reasonable person 合理人标准P31Prevail 优先 P33Terms of offer 要约的条件P38Open terms 开放条款Gap-filling rule空隙填补规则Time of performance 履行时间P40Quantum meruit按劳付酬；按合理价 格支付；质量价值Quasi contract 准合同 P43Communicati

13、on of offer 要约的传达Supported by consideration 有约因支 持的Option选择权Irrevocable不可撤销的Firm offers不可撤销的要约/实盘要 约 P47Offers in auction 拍卖的要约Auction without reserve 无保留的拍 卖Auction wiht reserve 有保留的拍卖 Collateral contract附随合同；附属契 约 P50Auction in electronic commerce 电子商务拍卖 P53Termination of offer 要约的终止P54Lapse of ti

14、me 逾时；期满失效P55Revocation of offer 要约的撤回P56Offerees refusal of offer 受要约人拒绝要约Counter-offer 反要约Mirror acceptance 镜像规则P62Option 选择权 P64Termination by law P65Terms and conditions 条款和条件Counter-offer 反要约Mirror acceptance rule 镜像承诺规则P68Cross offers 交叉要约P71Indefiniteness 缺乏确定性；不确定性P72Meeting of minds 达成合意Ent

15、ry-into-force time of acceptance 承诺的生效时间Acceptance-upon-dispatch rule/mailboxrule承诺发出主义/投邮主义P73Quiet title to the land 确认土地所有权 P74Option contract 选择权合同P75Promise 允诺Performance 履行 P77General contractor 总承包商Subcontractor 次承包商 P82Malpractice 玩忽职守；不当执业P86Implied-in-fact contract 事实默示的合同 P87Good faith诚信原

16、则Reasonableness 合理性原则P93Commercial reasonableness 商业合理性 P94Unconscionability 不正当； 显失公 平；不受良心控制Liquidated damage clause 预定损害 赔偿条款Battle of the forms 格式信函之战P95Gap-filling rule空隙填补规则Merchantability 适售性 P96Proposals for addition to the contract对合同的补充建议P97Different terms 不同条款Additional terms 额外条款Merchant

17、s 商人Non-merchants 非商人Materially alter 实质性变更Complaint 抱怨Warranty 担保Merchantability 适售性Fitness 合目的性 P98Impacts of E-commerce and web-laws on the forms电子商务与网络法对格 式合同的影响Shrink wrap license 拆封许可P102Public policy 公共政策P103An enforceable contract 有强制力的 合同Consideration 约因Inducement/incentives 诱因Detriment 损害I

18、mpelling influence 强有力的影响因 素Bargaining 讨价还价Legal detriment or disadvantage 法律 上的损失或不利益Quid pro quo 对价Gift 赠与 P112Contract in signed writing 经签署的书面合同_Supported by consideration 已受约因 支持Contract under seal 盖印合同Forbearance 忍耐/克制P115Gift promise 赠与的允诺 P116 Nominal consideration 名义上的约因 Shocks the conscien

19、ce of the court 震 惊法庭的良心Adequacy of consideration 约因的适 当性 P123Sufficiency of consideration 约因的充 分性Nominal有名无实的；名义上的Equity 衡平法 P124Forbearance from suit 容忍不诉Past consideration 过去的约因Moral obligation 道德义务 P125 Quantum meruit 所提供服务之实际 价值Good consideration 有效的约因P126Moral consideration 道德约因Legal considera

20、tion 法律约因P131Pre-existing duty 既存的义务P132Modification of contract 合同的修改 P135Sales contract 买卖合同Termination 终止（合同）Rescission 解除（合同）Unforeseen and unanticipated circumstances 无法预料、不曾预见之 情况Estoppel 禁反言Waiver 弃权 P137Executory contract彳寺履行合同Compromising an existing claim 既存 请求权的妥协Bona fide dispute真实的或“善意的

21、争议”P139Accord新债清偿合同Satisfaction 满足Accord and satisfaction 新债清偿合 同与满足 P140Illusory promise 虚假允诺Sufficient consideration 充分的约因P144Mutuality of obligation Sufficient consideration 充分的约因P144Output contract 产量合同 Requirement contract 需求合同P148Stale claims 逾时失效的请求权The statue of limitations 诉讼时效 Discharge in

22、 bankruptcy 破产免责 New consideration 新约因 P150 Forbearance from suit 隐忍不诉 Abstention from legal conduct 合法行 为的节制Detriment 利益损失P152A bona fide suit 善意诉讼Sufficient consideration 充分的约因P153Aleatory promise 不确定/偶然性的承 诺Promissory estoppel 允诺性禁反言P158Injustice 不公正Remedies 救济Unjust enrichment 不当得利P159Parol evid

23、ence rule 口头证据法则 Terms and conditions 条款和条件 Parol 口头的In writing 书面的Extrinsic evidence 夕卜在证据P174Integration 整合Final and complete 最终且完整的 Partial integration 部分整合Final but not complete 最终但不完全 Prior writings and oral agreement 事 前的书面和口头协议Contemporaneous writing 同时书面 Subsequent agreements 事后协议 No oral mo

24、dification clause禁止口头变更条款 P175Reliability of writings 书面的可靠性 A principle of substance 实体法律原 则 P176Procedural substantive 程序的实体性 Diversity jurisdiction 区分管辖权P177Final and complete writings 最终且完 整的书面The statute of frauds 防止欺诈条例 Memorandum 备忘录 P197 Partial integrated 部分整合 Total integrated 完全整合Additiona

25、l prior non-contradictory parol terms协议订立前的非抵触性的其他 口头条件Informality 不规范；非正式 Completely integrated writing 完全整 合的书面Fully integrated/completed 完全整合 的Form approach 形式的方法 P198 The face of the contract 合同的表面 Extrinsic evidence 夕卜来证据 Intrinsic evidence 内在证据 Merger clause 归并条款Verbal understandings 口头谅解书P199

26、Implied terms （合同的）默示条款 Separate consideration 独立的约因 Separate agreement 分别的协议P202Substituting or contradicting terms 替 代或变更原有条款一Express language 明示语言 P220 Extra or additional terms 额外或附属 条款Side or collateral agreement 额外或附 属协议Merger clause 归并条款Separate consideration 独立的约因P221Ambiguity/ambiguities 含混

27、不清之处 Latent隐性的/潜在的Patent 显性的 P222Terms based on custom 依据惯例确立 的合同条款Course of dealing 交易过程Custom and usage of the trade彳亍业惯例Prior negotiations 订约前协商Antecedent understanding签约前协商中达成的理解/先行理解Ture intent 真实意图False documents 虚假文书Sham虚假的Forgery伪造（物）Final and complete 最终且完整的P223Meeting of minds 合意Public pol

28、icy 公共政策；公序良俗Burden of proof 举证责任Illegality 违法Fraud欺诈Duress 胁迫Mistake 错误Undue influence 不当影响Incapacity 缺乏缔约能力Failure of consideration 欠缺约因Void合同无效Voidable可撤销Extrinsic evidence 夕卜在证据Real property 不动产 P224Fraudulent misrepresentation 欺诈性 的不当陈述Document with condition subsequent附停止条件的文书P225Enforceabilit

29、y 强制执行力Common law/judge-made law 普通法Doctrine of privity 合同相互关系原 则In privity在合同相互关系内The third party beneficiary 第三造受益人_Intended beneficiaries 意定受益人Creditor beneficiary 债权人受益人P240Donee beneficiary 受赠人受益人Incidental beneficiary 偶然性受益 人In vicinity 在周边 P241Creditor beneficiary contract 债权人 受益合同Renovation

30、合同的更替 P242Statute of frauds 防止欺诈法Discharge from bankruptcy 破产免责Specific performance 强制履彳亍P243Donee beneficiary contract 受赠人受 益合同Life insurance policy 人身保险合同 / 政策 P244Have standing有主体资格；主体适格 Joint and mutual will 共同或相互遗 嘱Survivor遗嘱的残存人Inter vivos 在生存者之间 P245Incidental beneficiary 偶然性受益人P247Mortgage a

31、ssumptions 抵押权的承受 Contracts with municipalities 与政府 法人签订的合同 P249Sales warranty beneficiaries 商品销售 保证的受益人 P250Surety bonds for performance of construction建筑履约保证金 Performance bond 完工保证金/履约 保证金Payment bond付款保证金P254Mechanic 5s lien 技工留置权Incidental beneficiary 偶然性受益人Intended beneficiary 意定受益人P252Vesting

32、of right权利的归属/授予Recission 解除（合同） P253Promisors defense against the third party beneficiary 允诺人对第三造受 益人的抗辩Fraud 欺诈Illegality 违法Lack of capacity行为能力受限Mistake 过错Failure of consideration 约因不足Condition precedent 先行条件Condition subsequent 事后条件Alter 改变Terminate 终止Notification 通知 P256Discharge 免除Liability 责任Enforceable liability 可执行的责任P258Act for Prevention of Frauds andPerjuries防止欺诈及伪证法Fraudulent claims 欺诈性主张Perjured testimony 伪证Enforceability 强制执行力Party to be charged 负担合同义务的当事人In writing 以书面形式Surety contract 保证合同An estate debt 遗产债务P269Annuity 养老年金Interest in realty 不