Lesson-30-Watch-keeping(值班)-轮机英语课件

1、Lesson 30Text Watch keeping(值班)Lesson 30Text Watch keeping(值班At the beginning of the watch the current(当前的) operational parameters(参数) and the condition of all machinery should be verified(检验, 校验)At the beginning of the watch and also the log(航行日志) readings should correspond with (be in agreement wi

2、th) those observed.and also the log(航行日志) readingLesson-30-Watch-keeping(值班)-轮机英语课件Lesson-30-Watch-keeping(值班)-轮机英语课件The levels of tanks containing fuel, water, slops(污油), ballast(压载水), etc., should be noted and also the level of the various bilges(舱底水). The levels of tanks containingThe operating m

3、ode(方式, 模式) of equipment and available standby(备用) equipment should also be noted. The operating mode(方式, 模式) of *At appropriate intervals(e.g. at 30-minute intervals) inspection should be made of the main propulsion plant, auxiliary machinery and steering gear spaces. *At appropriate intervals(e.g.

4、Any routine(常规, 惯例) adjustments may then be made and malfunctions(故障) or breakdowns can be noted, reported and corrected. Any routine(常规, 惯例) adjustmentDuring these tours(巡回) of inspection bilge level should be noted, piping and systems should be observed for leaks(泄漏), and local indicating instrume

5、nts also be observed. During these tours(巡回) of inspBridge(驾驶室) orders must be promptly carried out and a record of any required changes in speed and direction should be kept. Bridge(驾驶室) orders must be pro* When under standby or maneuvering(机动操作)conditions with the machinery being manually operated

6、 the control unit or console(控制台) should be continuously manned(有人操纵的). * When under standby or maneuvCertain watchkeeping duties are necessary for the continuous operation of equipment or plant-the transferring of fuel for instance. Certain watchkeeping duties ar*In addition to these regular tasks

7、other repair or maintenance tasks may be required of the watchkeeping personnel(人员). *In addition to these regular *However no tasks should be undertaken(从事, 进行) which will interfere(干扰，影响) with the supervisory(管理的、监督的) duties relating to the main machinery and associated equipment. *However no task

8、s should be unDuring the watch a log or record will be taken of the various parameters of main and auxiliary(辅助的) equipment. During the watch a log or recFuel consumption(消耗量) figures are used to determine the efficiency of operation, in addition to providing a check on the available bunker(燃料仓) qua

9、ntities. Fuel consumption(消耗量) figures *Lubricating oil(润滑油) tank levels to some extent(partly) indicates engine oil consumption. If the sump level were to rise this would indicate water leakage into the oil and an investigation(调查、检查) into (of, on) the cause must be made.*Lubricating oil(润滑油) tank

10、lev*The engine exhaust temperature reading should all be about the same to indicate an equal power production from each cylinder. *The engine exhaust temperaturThe various temperature and pressure values for the cooling water and lubricating oil should be at, or near to, the manufacturers designed v

11、alues for the particular speed or fuel lever(油门调节杆)settings.The various temperature and pVarious parameters for the main engine turbo-blowers(涡轮增压器) are also logged. Since they are high speed turbines(涡轮) the correct supply of lubricating oil is essential. Various parameters for the mai*The air cool

12、er should be supplied with adequate amount of cooling water to ensure efficient combustion.*The air cooler should be supp*Various level and temperature readings are taken of heavy oil tanks, both settling and service, bearings, sea water, etc. *Various level and temperature*The operating diesel gene

13、rators will have their exhaust(排气) temperatures, cooling water and lubricating oil temperatures and pressures logged in much the same way as for the main engine. *The operating diesel generato*Of particular importance will be the log of running hours since this will be the basis for overhauling(大修，维

14、修)the machinery. *Of particular importance will*Other auxiliary machinery and equipment, such as heat exchangers, freshwater generator(evaporator)(造水机), boiler, air conditioning plant and refrigeration plant will also have appropriate readings taken. *Other auxiliary machinery andThere will usually

15、be summaries or daily account tables for heavy oil, diesel oil, lubricating oil and fresh water, which will be compiled(汇编) at noon. There will usually be summarieThe completed log is used to compile a summary sheet(表、单) or abstract(摘要、小计) of information which is returned to the company head office

16、for record purposes. The completed log is used to cWhere situations occur in the machine space(机舱) which may affect the speed, maneuverability(机动性能), power supply or other essentials for the safe operation of the ship, the bridge should be informed as soon as possible. Where situations occur in theT

17、he engineer in charge should notify(通知) the *Chief Engineer in the event of any serious occurrence(事件) or a situation where he is unsure of the action to take. The engineer in charge should However, where immediate action is necessary to ensure safety of the ship, its machinery and crew, it must be

18、taken by the engineer in charge. However, where immediate actioAt the completion of the watch each member should hand over(交与) to his relief(接班人员), ensuring that he is competent(能胜任的) to take over (接管) and carry out his duties effectively(有效地). At the completion of the watchReading Materials A.Keepi

19、ng WatchReading Materials A.Keeping WThe engine room should always be kept clean and in good order. The engine room should always The exhaust-gases should frequently be watched. They should be almost invisible(看不见的) when the engine operates under full load. The exhaust-gases should frequ*A smoky exh

20、aust indicates that the engine is either overloaded or that the fuel valves are not in proper condition. *A smoky exhaust indicates thaThe cylinder exhaust-gas temperatures should be noted and it should be confirmed(证实) that the power of the engine is well distributed among the cylinders. The cylind

21、er exhaust-gas tempeThe cylinder-jacket(气缸水套) outlet-water temperatures should be observed and it should be seen that there are no air-locks(气塞). The cylinder-jacket(气缸水套) outlThe water level in the fresh-water header tank should be checked.The water level in the fresh-wIf an air-inlet pipe of a sta

22、rting valve is hotter than the others, the valve should be renewed. If an air-inlet pipe of a star*Observation(观察) should be made of the turbo-blower lubricating-oil temperatures and pressures, also the exhaust-gas temperatures before and after the turbine. *Observation(观察) should be madIt should be

23、 confirmed that the amount of fuel oil in the service tank is sufficient during the watch. It should be confirmed that thOpen the cocks for draining accumulation of oil in the exhaust manifold(歧管) at definite intervals. Open the cocks for draining acThe cylinder lubricators(注油器) should be examined f

24、or satisfactory operation. The piston-cooling pipes and the stuffing boxes(填料函) for the piston rods should be examined for leakage(泄漏). The cylinder lubricators(注油器) *All the pressures and temperatures indicated by various gauges and thermometers(温度计) should be regularly observed. *All the pressures

25、 and temperaThe amount of lubricating oil in the drain tank should be checked by sounding(发声，探测). The amount of lubricating oil If lubricating oil filters of edgewise(边对边的) cleaning type(自动反冲洗式) are fitted, *the handles should be given a few turns. If lubricating oil filters of The sea water tempera

26、ture should be noted and the temperatures at(of) the lubricating oil and fresh-water coolers (should be) examined.The sea water temperature shou*A keen(敏锐的) sense(感觉、判断力) of hearing obtained from practice is important for the engineer, depending on his ears, to detect abnormal happenings in the runn

27、ing gear. *A keen(敏锐的) sense(感觉、判断力) of Before being used, the fuel service tank should be drained of water and residual(残剩余; 渣滓). Before being used, the fuel se* If two tanks are installed, the empty tank should be pumped up directly it is empty. * If two tanks are installed, The gauges on the fuel

28、 oil service tanks should be watched to see that the oil supply to the injection pumps(喷油泵) is maintained. The gauges on the fuel oil ser*The vent cocks (放气口)on the fuel injection pump lines should be opened frequently to vent any air that may have accumulated in them.*The vent cocks (放气口)on the fuD

29、uring maneuvers, the fresh-water temperature should be regulated by throttling(节流, 调节) the sea-water supply to the fresh-water cooler. During maneuvers, the fresh-wa*Beside observing the pressure in the cooling water, regular readings should be taken from the thermometers in the various lines and th

30、e control valves regulated to maintain even(相同的) temperatures in all the jackets. *Beside observing the pressureSpecial care should be taken to stop leaks of all descriptions(描述,说明), immediately (when) they occur. Special care should be taken tVital(重要的) components(部件) of the engine should be freque

31、ntly examined. Vital(重要的) components(部件) of tThe crankroom(曲轴箱) cover should never be allowed to open for investigation(调查, 研究) when the engine is running. The crankroom(曲轴箱) cover shoulAnd it should not be opened until at least fifteen minutes after the engine stops. Lights of high voltage or naked

32、 lights(没有灯罩的灯) should never be used. And it should not be opened unB. Watchkeeping Duties At SeaB. Watchkeeping Duties At Sea1. Constant inspection is a precaution(预防措施) which contributes to(有助于) avoiding trouble and the following routines must be carried out at regular intervals under normal opera

33、ting conditions:1. Constant inspection is a pr2. Regularly check and record all pressures and temperatures and enter the same in the engine room log. 2. Regularly check and record *Adherence to(遵守、坚持) differentials in temperature and pressure limits is very important. *Adherence to(遵守、坚持) differentI

34、f a temperature or pressure is in doubt it should be checked against another instrument, a rough guess to temperature is by the feel of the hand.If a temperature or pressure i3. *Due(应有的、适当的) consideration must be given to engine speed and to the conditions of the loading of the ship and to the clea

35、nliness of the hull(船体) when performance and records of the engine are being assessed(评定). 3. *Due(应有的、适当的) considerationShop test reports and instruction manuals are a reliable reference and must be treated as such(同样地). Shop test reports and instructAll records are important but particular attenti

36、on must be made to turbocharger(涡轮增压器) revolutions, scavenge air receiver(扫气箱) pressures and temperatures, and cylinder exhaust gas temperatures. All records are important but Consideration must be given to the calorific value(热值) of the fuel when assessing the daily fuel consumption. Consideration

37、must be given to4. Check that the control valves for the cooling and lubricating systems are set properly. 4. Check that the control valvIf there is insufficient pressure in any system then the safety device alarm will be accelerated and the engine stopped. If there is insufficient pressAll excessiv

38、e pressure drops must be checked. All excessive pressure drops m5. *Adjustments must be made to bring any abnormally high or low temperatures to within the prescribed(规定的, 指定的) range but this must be attained gradually. 5. *Adjustments must be made tAbrupt(突然的) temperature changes can increase therm

39、al stress(应力) and may cause trouble. Abrupt(突然的) temperature changeCheck the air temperature after the charger air cooler. Check the air temperature afteThis temperature should be as low as possible, a high temperature results in less oxygen being available for combustion and increased fuel consumpt

40、ion as well as higher exhaust gas temperatures. This temperature should be as An ideal temperature differential between the sea water inlet to the air cooler and the air outlet from the cooler is about 17. An ideal temperature different6. Care must be taken, in climates with a high humidity, that th

41、e temperature of the scavenge air is, if possible, kept above the dew point(露点), 6. Care must be taken, in climotherwise condensation(凝结) will form in the air receiver and the drain will require to be cracked(开缝的) open to avoid rust formation. otherwise condensation(凝结) wilWhen water is apparent(明显的

42、) in the air receiver then a check must be made to verify whether it is sea water or fresh water; When water is apparent(明显的) inif it is sea water then the cooler is leaking and rectification(修正,修复) is required. if it is sea water then the co7. *Drain scavenge space and jacket drains, also piston ro

43、d glands(填料盖箱) if there is an excess leakage of lubricating oil from the gland, 7. *Drain scavenge space and jthen the scraper(刮油环) and sealing rings(密封环) should be attended(注意，留 意) to at the first opportunity(尽早). then the scraper(刮油环) and seal8. *Check, and if necessary, adjust the rate of feed of

44、 the cylinder lubricators.8. *Check, and if necessary, a9. Check the temperature of the crankcase doors by hand.9. Check the temperature of th10. Ensure that the fuel in the daily service tanks has been properly cleaned and that water and sludge(油泥) have been drained off. Drain sludge from fuel filt

45、ers(过滤器) and purifiers(分油机). 10. Ensure that the fuel in th11. *When burning heavy fuel ensure that there is sufficient heat available to bring the viscosity(粘度) of the fuel to within the prescribed limits.11. *When burning heavy fuel e12. Ensure that vents from cooling water spaces are kept open to

46、 permit air to escape.12. Ensure that vents from coo13. Check the pressure drop across fuel and lubrication oil filters. 13. Check the pressure drop acTurn all manually operated filters and check that automatic filters are operating satisfactorily, drain sludge if necessary. Turn all manually operat

47、ed fil14. Check the pressure drop across the charge air coolers for both sea and air pressure.14. Check the pressure drop ac15. Check oil levels in governor(调速器) and other auxiliary(辅助的) equipment.15. Check oil levels in govern16. Check all high pressure fuel lines for any signs of leakage.16. Check all high pressure fu17. Check camshafts(凸轮轴), fuel pump bearings(轴承) and other small bearings for temperature