chemicalreactionengineering3ededition作者octavelevenspiel课后习题答案

1、CorrespondingSolutionsforChemicalReactionEngineeringCHAPTER1OVERVIEWOFCHEMICALREACTIONENGINEERING错误!未定义书签。CHAPTER2KINETICSOFHOMOGENEOUSREACTIONS错误!未定义书签。CHAPTER3INTERPRETATIONOFBATCHREACTORDATA错.误!未定义书签。CHAPTER4INTRODUCTIONTOREACTORDESIGN错误!未定义书签。CHAPTER5IDEALREACTORFORASINGLEREACTOR错误!未定义书签。CHAPTER

2、6DESIGNFORSINGLEREACTIONS错误!未定义书签CHAPTER10CHOOSINGTHERIGHTKINDOFREACTOR错误!未定义书签。CHAPTER11BASICSOFNON-IDEALFLOW错误!未定义书签CHAPTER18SOLIDCATALYZEDREACTIONS错.误!未定义书签。Chapter1OverviewofChemicalReactionEngineeringMunicipalwastewatertreatmentplant.ConsideramunicipalwatertreatmentplantforasmallcommunityWastew

3、ater,32000m3/day,flowsthroughthetreatmentplantwithameanresidencetimeof8hr,airisbubbledthroughthetanks,andmicrobesinthetankattackandbreakdowntheorganicmaterial(organicwaste)+O2microbeCO2+H2OAtypicalenteringfeedhasaBOD(biologicaloxygendemand)of200mgO2/liter,whiletheeffluenthasamegligibleBOD.Findtherat

4、eofreaction,ordecreaseinBODinthetreatmenttanks.Wastewater32,000m3Wastewater32,000m3/day200mgO2needed/literWastewaterCleanwaterTreatmentplant32,000m3/dayMeanresidenceZeroO2timet=8hrneededFigureSolution:dNr=aaVdt1m3mg1g1000L32g32000 x(一xday)x(2000/一-_13dayL1000mgm3mol32000竺x-day1dayday33=18.75mol/(m3-

5、day)=2.17x10-4mol/(m3-s)1.2Coalburningelectricalpowerstation.Largecentralpowerstations(about1000MWelectrical)usingfluidingbedcombustorsmaybebuiltsomeday(seeThesegiantswouldbefed240tonsofcoal/hr(90%C,10%H2),50%ofwhichwouldburnwithinthebatteryofprimaryfluidizedbeds,theother50%elsewhereinthesystem.Ones

6、uggesteddesignwoulduseabatteryof10fluidizedbeds,each20mlong,4mwide,andcontainingsolidstoadepthof1m.Findtherateofreactionwithinthebeds,basedontheoxygenused.800V800V800V800VSolution:ANAt=240 x103O2cdOr2240tOrVhfr90%C,10%H2ficurePl.2coalhr1ANcVAt=9000 x1+1dOFFLtidtZfidbedV二(20X4X1)X10二800m3x0.5x0.9kgck

7、gcoal19000X8001=108X103讐=9000mOlC/(bed-hr)=11.25kmolO/(m3-hr)2120004=12000mol/(bed-hr)1.5x104mol/(bed-hr)=4.17mol/(m3-s)thenhowaretheyrelatedthenhowaretheyrelatedPleaseaccountforthesings,+or-.Chapter2KineticsofHomogeneousReactionsAreactionhasthestoichiometricequationA+B=2R.WhatistheorderofreactionSo

8、lution:Becausewedontknowwhetheritisanelementaryreactionornot,wecanttelltheindexofthereaction.Giventhereaction2NO2+1/2O2=N2O5,whatistherelationbetweentheratesofformationanddisappearanceofthethreereactioncomponentsSolution：-r二一4r二2rNONONOAreactionwithstoichiometricequationA+B=R+Shasthefollowingrateexp

9、ression-rA=2ACAAWhatistherateexpressionforthisreactionifthestoichiometricequationiswrittenasA+2B=2R+SSolution:Nochange.Thestoichiometricequationcanteffecttherateequation,soitdoesntchange.Fortheenzyme-substratereactionofExample2,therateofdisappearanceofsubstrateisgivenby1760AEWhataretheunitsofthetwoc

10、onstantsSolution:molkAESolution:“=0Am3-s6+C6=C=mol/m3m3-s(mol/m3)(mol/m3)smol/m3mol/m3molmol/m3125ForthecomplexreactionwithstoichiometryA+3B-2R+Sandwithsecond-orderrateexpression-rA=k1ABarethereactionratesrelatedasfollows:r=r=rIftheratesarenotsorelated,ABRSolution:11Solution:r=r=rA3B2RAcertainreacti

11、onhasarategivenby-rA=C2,mol/cm3minAAIftheconcentrationistobeexpressedinmol/literandtimeinhours,whatwouldbethevalueandunitsoftherateconstantSolution:molmol(r)X=(一r)XAL-hrAcm3-minL-hrL-hrAmol(r)=104x6-rcm3-minAA=6x104x0.005C2=300C2AA(C)xmo1(C)xmo1AL=（CA）Xmolcm3CALmolC=103Ccm3AA(r)=300C2=300 x(10-3C)2=

12、3x10-4C2AAAAk=3x10-4Foragasreactionat400Ktherateisreportedasdp-A=p2,atm/hrdtAWhataretheunitsoftherateconstantWhatisthevalueoftherateconstantforthisreactioniftherateequationisexpressedas-r1dNA-r1dNAVdt=kC2,Amol/m3sSolution:(a)Theunitoftherateconstantis1/atmhr(b)1dN(b)r=aAVdtBecauseitsagasreactionoccu

13、ringatthefinedterperatuse,soV=constant,andT=constant,sotheequationcanbereducedtoVdPr=aaVRTdt丄(dPVdPr=aaVRTdtRTdtRTa二(3.66RT)C2二kC2AASowecangetthatthevalueofk二3.66RT二3.66x0.08205x400二120.1Thepyrolysisofethaneproceedswithanactivationenergyofabout300kJ/mol.Howmuchfasterthedecompositionat650Cthanat500CS

14、olution:丁r_Tk_E(1_1、_Ln-2丁r_Tk_E(1_1、_Ln-2Ln2(、一rkRTT11128.314J/(103mol-K、173K923Kr1970.7r1Inthemid-nineteenthcenturytheentomologistHenriFabrenotedthatFrenchants(gardenvariety)busilybustledabouttheirbusinessonhotdaysbutwererathersluggishoncooldays.CheckinghisresultswithOregonants,IfindRunningspeed,m

15、/hr150160230295370Temperature,C1316222428WhatactivationenergyrepresentsthischangeinbustlinessSolution:-E.rkeRT0f(concentration、let-f(-E.rkeRT0f(concentration、let-f(concentration)constantake一0-E.RTEkert.LnrALnk1ETRSupposeyLnr,xA1sointerceptLnkr/(mh-i)150160230295370ALnrA1316222428X10-3T-y=x+EAlsoslop

16、e=-=-5147.9K,intercept=Lnk=,RE=-5147.9Kx8.3145J/(mol-K)=42.80kJ/molChapter3InterpretationofBatchReactorDataIf-rA=-(dCA/dt)=mol/litersecwhenCA=1mol/liter,whatistherateofreactionwhenCA=10mol/literNote:theorderofreactionisnotknown.Solution:Informationisnotenough,sowecantanswerthiskindofquestion.3.2Liqu

17、idasedomposesbyfirst-orderkinetics,andinabatchreactor50%ofAisconvertedina5-minuterun.Howmuchlongerwouldittaketoreach75%conversionSolution:BecausethedecompositionofAisa1st-orderreaction,sowecanexpresstherateequationas:-r=kCAAWeknowthatfor1st-orderreaction,LnCAoWeknowthatfor1st-orderreaction,LnCAoCktL

18、nCAoCA1ktCLnAo=ktC2A2C=0.5C,C=0.25CA1AoA2AoSot-t211CSot-t211C=(Ln一LnkCA2C1Ao)=(Ln4Ln2)=CkA1kLn2equ(1)1C1=1C1=Ln()=Ln2=5minkCkA1equ(2)Sott=t=5min211Repeatthepreviousproblemforsecond-orderkinetics.Solution:Weknowthatfor2ndSolution:Weknowthatfor2nd-orderreaction,=kt,111=21A1A0AoAoA0Sowehavetwoequations

19、asfollow:=kt=k5min,equCiAomonomermonomermonomermonomermonomermonomer11411=3()=3kt=kt,equ(2)CCCC12AoAoAoAoCA2Sot=3t=15min,t21-1=10min1A10-minuteexperimentalrunshowsthat75%ofliquidreactantisconvertedtoproductbya-orderrate.Whatwouldbethefractionconvertedinahalf-hourrun2Solution:Ina-orderreaction:-r2adC

20、=A=kC0.5,dtA=C0.5-C0.5,2AoA1Sowehavetwoequationsasfollow:C0.5C0.5=C0.5(丄C0.5)=0.5C0.5=kt=k(10min),equAoA1Ao4AoAfterintegration,wecanget:AoAoC0.5-C0.5=kt=k(30min),AoA22equ(2)Combiningthesetwoequations,wecanget:1.5C0.5=Aokt,butthismeansC0.51,whichisimpossible.1100C=C=100BBoGivenagaseousfeed,CA0=200,CB

21、0=100,A+BTR,CA=50.FindXA,XB,CB.Solution:Givenagaseousfeed,C=200,C=100,AoBoAccordingtoeqpage87,Accordingtoeqpage87,Accordingtoeqpage87,Accordingtoeqpage87,A+BtR,C=50.findX,X,CAABBxa二1一f二1一200二0.75bCXbCXX=AoABCBo二1.51,whichisimpossible.SoC二C二100BBoGivenagaseousfeed,CA0=CB0=100,A+2BTR,CB=20.FindXA,XB,C

22、A.Solution:Givenagaseousfeed,C+C=100,A+2BtR,C=20,AoBoBoFindX,X,CABAX=0,V二100A+100B二200BX=1,V二50A+100R二150B150-200=B200=-0.25,-A-0.25x100“-150-200=B200=-0.25,-A-0.25x100“-x1002100-20100-0.25x20=0.842,1x100 x0.842X=2=0.421A100Ao1-XA1+XAA二100 x10.42110.5x0.421二73.34Givenagaseousfeed,T0=1000K,n0=5atm,CA

23、0=100,CB0=200,A+BT5R,T=400K,n=4atm,CA=20.FindXA,XB,CB.Solution:Givenagaseousfeed,T=1000K,兀=5atm,o0C二100,C二200AoBoA+Bt5R,T二400K,兀二4atm,C=20,AfindXAX,C.BB600300600300=1,300aC=ABo=2,bbCAoT兀400 x5八0=0.5T兀1000 x40XXXX-CT兀1A0CT兀Ao0-CT兀-CT兀1A0CT兀Ao0-CT兀1+8A0ACT兀Ao01x0.5鳴=0.8181+1xx0.5100-AobCX100 x0.818-Ao

24、-AaC200二0.409BoAo2001000.818)x2001+1x0.818=130ACommercialPopcornPoppingPopcornPopper.Weareconstructinga1-literpopcorntobeoperatedinsteadyflow.Firsttestsinthisunitshowthat1liter/minofrawcornfeedstreamproduces28liter/minofmixedexitstream.Independenttestsshowthatwhenrawcornpopsitsvolumegoesfrom1to31.Wi

25、ththisinformationdeterminewhatfractionofrawcornispoppedintheunit.-31Withthisinformationdeterminewhatfractionofrawcornispoppedintheunit.-311-30C-1auC=丄C=丄a.u.28Ao281-L28-46.5%1+30 x28Solution:8A1=30，CAo二血，CAXcaca.XAoAAC+8CAoAAChapter5IdealReactorforasingleReactorConsideragas-phasereaction2A-R+2Swithu

26、nknownkinetics.Ifaspacevelocityof1/minisneededfor90%conversionofAinaplugflowreactor,findthecorrespondingspace-timeandmeanresidencetimeorholdingtimeoffluidintheplugflowreactor.Solution:t=1=1min,sVaryingvolumesystem,sotcantbefound.Inanisothermalbatchreactor70%ofaliquidreactantisconvertedin13min.Whatsp

27、ace-timeandspace-velocityareneededtoeffectthisconversioninaplugflowreactorandinamixedflowreactorSolution:Liquidreactionsystem,so=0Accordingtoonpage92,t=CAoAccordingtoonpage92,t=CAodCA-rA=13minCCCex,T=AoAAoA,M.F.RrrAATcantbecertain.M.F.RTP.F.R二CJXAAo0dXA,soTP.F.R二CJXAAo0dXA,sorAt=t=13minP.F.RB.RWepla

28、ntoreplaceourpresentmixedflowreactorwithonehavingdoublethebolume.Forthesameaqueousfeed(10molA/liter)andthesamefeedratefindthenewconversion.ThereactionarerepresentedbyATR,-rA=AASolution:Liquidreactionsystem,so8=0AVTXCCX=,AoA=AFCrC(r)kC(1X)1.5AoAoAAoAAoANowweknow:V二2V,SoweobtainF=F,C=C,X=0.7AoAoAoAoAF

29、Ao2VX=FAo叩1-XA)1-5AoA2XAkC1-5()1X)1-5AoAX2X0.7二(1-X)1.5(1-07)1.5AX=0.794AAnaqueousfeedofAandB(400liter/min,100mmolA/liter,200mmolB/liter)istobeconvertedtoproductinaplugflowreactor.ThekineticsofthereactionisrepresentedbyA+BTR,molrAABliter-minFindthevolumeofreactorneededfor%conversionofAtoproduct.Solu

30、tion:Aqueousreactionsystem,so=0VAccordingtopage102,FAo_tCVAccordingtopage102,FAo_tCAo丄JCAoXdCXdXAfA=AfA0-r0-rAAAoXdXJXAfA,0-rAv=400liter/min,o:.V二CvJXAfdX二0.1X400J0.999dX二124.3LAoo0-r0-rAA5.9AspecificenzymeactsascatalystinthefermentationofreactantA.Atagivenenzymeconcentrationintheaqueousfeedstream(2

31、5liter/min)findthevolumeofplugflowreactorneededfor95%conversionofreactantA(CA0=2mol/liter).Thekineticsofthefermentationatthisenzymeconcentrationisgivenby0.1CmolAenzymeR,-n=AA1+0.5Cmin-literASolution:accordingtopage102,aqueousreaction,s_0VFAoVFAoJXAdXA-rA.V_FJXA1+0.5CAdX_125X2(Ln-+X)Ao00.1CA1XAAA_125

32、(Ln丄+0.95)_986.4L0.05EnzymeEcatalysesthefermentationofsubstrateA(thereactant)toproductR.Findthesizeofmixedflowreactorneededfor95%conversionofreactantinafeedstream(25liter/min)ofreactant(2mol/liter)andenzyme.ThekineticsofthefermentationatthisenzymeconcentrationaregivenbyTOC o 1-5 h z0.1CmolAenzymeR,-

33、r”=iA1+0.5Cmin-literAF=50mol/min,AoXA=O95Solution:F=50mol/min,AoXA=O95oAoConstantvolumesystem,soweobtainVCXT=VCXT=AoA=v一roA2x0.950.1x0.05x2=199.5min1+0.5x0.05x2V=Tv=199.5minx25L/min=4.9875m3oataflowrateof5.14AstreamofpuregaseousreactantA(CA0=660mmol/liter)entersaplugflowreactorataflowrateofFA0=540mm

34、ol/minandpolymerizestheasfollows3ATR,-r3ATR,-rA54mmolliter-minHowlargeareactorisneededtolowertheconcentrationofAintheexitstreamtoCAf=330mmol/literSolution:1一A-AoAAC1一3306601Solution:1一A-AoAAC1一3306601一23303660=0.75AoVCAoFVCAoFAoAoAkT=k=kvoSoweobtainV=-AC-X=540 x=7.5LCAokA54AoGaseousreactantAdecompos

35、esasfollows:AT3R,-rA=CAFindtheconversionofAina50%A一50%inertfeed(u0=180liter/min,CA0=300mmol/liter)toa1m3mixedflowreactor.Solution:V=1m3,Accordingtopage91,p二voCXAoA-rACXAo0.6CAoA1-XA1+XS。weobtainXA=0.667Chapter6DesignforSingleReactionsAliquidreactantstream(1mol/liter)passesthroughtwomixedflowreactors

36、inaseries.TheconcentrationofAintheexitofthefirstreactorismol/liter.Findtheconcentrationintheexitstreamofthesecondreactor.Thereactionissecond-orderwithrespecttoAandV2/V1=2.Solution:V2/V1=2,VT1=u01C-V2/V1=2,VT1=u01C-CA0A1-rAV2u02C-CA1A2-rA2SoweobtainCA0=1mol/l,CA1=l,u01=u02-rA1=kC2A1,-r._=kC2(2nd-orde

37、r),2xA2A2C-CA0A1kC2A1C-CA1A2kC2A22x/=/(kCA22)CA2=mol/lWatercontainingashort-livedradioactivespeciesflowscontinuouslythroughawell-mixedholduptank.Thisgivestimefortheradioactivematerialtodecayintoharmlesswaste.Asitnowoperates,theactivityoftheexitstreamis1/7ofthefeedstream.Thisisnotbad,butwedliketolowe

38、ritstillmore.Oneofourofficesecretariessuggeststhatweinsertabaffledownthemiddleofthetanksothattheholduptankactsastwowell-mixedtanksinseries.DoyouthinkthiswouldhelpIfnot,tellwhy;ifsocalculatetheexpectedactivityoftheexitstreamcomparedtotheenteringstream.Solution:1st-orderreaction,constantvolumesystem.F

39、romtheinformationofferedaboutthefirstreaction,weobtainVu=u01CVu=u01C-CA0A1kCA1A07A0k-1C7A0Ifabaffleisadded,VT=T+TVT=T+T=2+22122uu021022V1u01-CC21+A2kCA22kCA21-C6CA22=1=6/k-kC7A0C-CA0A21kCA21C-CA0A21kCA21=3/k=A21021-CkCA22A22Combiningequationandweobtain:CA212=16CA0Soitwillhelp,andtheexpectedactivityo

40、ftheexitstreamis1/16ofthefeed.Anaqueousreactantstream(4molA/liter)passesthroughamixedflowreactorfollowedbyaplugflowreactor.FindtheconcentrationattheexitoftheplugflowreactorifinthemixedflowreactorCA=1mol/liter.Thereactionissecond-orderwithrespecttoA,andthevolumeoftheplugflowunitisthreetimesthatofthem

41、ixedflowunit.Solution:Constantvolumesystemand2nd-orderreaction:VC-CC-C4-1T=m=A0=A0A1=3kmU-rkC2k0A1A1VT=P-3V二mdC=9/k=JCAfdCA：C-2=-jcAfAdC-1=1(，-1)pUUC-r1kAkC00CA1AAfCombiningequation.andweobtain:CAf=mol/literReactantA(A-R,CA0=26mol/m3)passesinsteadyflowthroughfourequal-sizemixedflowreactorsinseries(T

42、total=2min).WhensteadystateisachievedtheconcentrationofAisfoundtobe11,5,2,1mol/m3inthefourunits.Forthisreaction,whatmustbeTplugsoastoreduceCAfromCA0=26toCAf=1mol/m3plugAA0AfSolution:C-CC-CC-CC-CT=T=T=T=T=A0=A1A2=A2A3=A3A4mm1m2m3m4-r-r-r-rA1A2A3A4CA0=26mol/liter,CA1=11mol/liter,CA2=5mol/liter,CA3=2mo

43、l/liter,CA4=1mol/literSoweabtain:15/(-rA1)=6/(-rA2)=3/(-rA3)=1/(-rA4)Wepostalatethereactionrateis1unitwhenCA4=1mol/liter11Soweobtain11CA,mol-r-rA301262-r-rA3012621/301/121/61/21/301/121/61/2CdCCdCT二一JAfA=JCA0ApC一rCrA0ACAfASoweobtaint=min.pAt100CpuregaseousAreactsawaywithstoichiometry2A-R+Sinaconstan

44、tvolumebatchreactorasfollows:t,sec020406080100120140160PA,atmWhatsizeofplugflowreactoroperatingat100Cand1atmcantreat100molesA/hrinafeedconsistingof20%insertstoobtain95%conversionofASolution:FA0=100mol/hr=molA/s,CA0=(1atmx/x=lt,sec020406080100120140160pA,atmCA,mol/lNow,p=atm,C=mol/lA0A0rrWhentheconve

45、rsionofAis90%,C=l,p=atmAASoT=T一T=140-40=100s0.040.8FSoV=tu=t=100 x=L0CA0Wewishtotreat10liters/minofliquidfeedcontaining1molA/literto99%conversion.Thestoichiometryandkineticsofthereactionaregivenby-rA-rAA0.2+Cliter-minASuggestagoodarrangementfordoingthisusingtwomixedflowreactors,andfindthesizeofthetw

46、ounitsneeded.Sketchthefinaldesignchosen.Solution:secsecu=10l/min,C=1mol/l,0A0whenu=10l/min,C=1mol/l,0A0whenZA=CAf=l(1)twoforequal-sheu-r-r0A1AfVCcC-CT=4=A0A1=AAf-rA1=CA1/+CA1),SoweobtainCSoweobtainCA1=l,Ti=(2)Vt=2V(2)Vt=2Vi=2Tiu0=2xx10=LWhentheareaofrectangleKLMNismaximum,thevolumeofreactorsneededit

47、sminimum.VVC-CC-CT=1+2=A0A1+A1A2=+=uu-r-r00A1A2SoYV=x10=d(-丄)rSlopeofcurse=4=(1-ZA)2dxA10.2TOC o 1-5 h zA(-)21-(+1)r1-ZSlopeofLN=AiAZZA1AiSowhenslopeofcurse=slopeofLN,ZA1=,CA1=mol/L,-rA1=1/3,1/(-rA)=3Fromsteady-statekineticsrunsinamixedflowreactor,weobtainthefollowingdataonthereactionA-R.T,CA0,mmol/

48、literCA,mmol/liter60502035100401110060202008011200100FindthespacetimeneededtotreatafeedofCA0=100mmol/literto80%conversioninaplugflowreactor.inamixedflowreactor.Solution:Fromthedataoffered,weobtaininaCA0=100mmol/L,XA=SoCA=20mmol/Lt=areaoftheshadedApinaC-Ct=f=(1OO-2O)/(-rA20)=2x8O=16Os.m-rA20AfReactan

49、tAdecomposeswithstoichiometryA-RandwithratedependentonlyonCA.Thefollowingdataonthisaqueousdecompositionareobtainedinamixedflowreactor:t,secCA0CA14200100251909029180803017070291606027150502414040191303015120201211010201011Determinewhichsetup,plugflow,mixedflow,oranytwo-reactorcombinationgivesminimumt

50、for90%conversionofafeedconsistingofCA0=100.Alsofindthistminimum.Ifatwo-reactorschemeisfoundtobeoptimum,giveCAbetweenstagesandtforeachstage.Solution:DrawaCASolution:DrawaFromthe1-rACacurse,weknowthatwhenCa(10,70),-rAincreasesasCFromthe1-rACacurse,weknowthatwhenCa(10,70),-rAincreasesasCAincreasesandth

51、atwhenCAG(70,100),1-rdecreaseasCAincrease.SowhenCAG(10,70),weplantouseat=areaoftheshadedregionfollowedwithatotreatthefeedpCAG(10,70),t=areaoftheshadedregion.AmChapter10ChoosingtheRightKindofReactorGiventhetworeactionsA+BR-r1=k1CACBR+BS-r2=k2CACBWhereRisthedesiredproductandistobemaximized.Ratethefour

52、sohemesshowninFig.either“good”or“notsogood,”please,nocomplicatedcalculations,justreasonitout.A4-BA4-BSolution:Number(d)isgoodfortheformationofintermediate-Rwhichcausesnomaximumoccurringthere.r=(r)-(r)=(k-k)CC,thesameorder,soRcantR1212ABaffecttheD.RepeatProblem1withjustonechange-r2=k2CRCBSolution:TOC

53、 o 1-5 h z-ri=k1CACBni=2-r2=k2CRCB2n2=3n“vnc,therefore,lowCDfavorsthereactionoflowestorder,mixedflowreactorshouldbe12Bused.So(a)Notsogood.(b)Good.Notsogood.(d)NotsogoodRepeatProblem1withjustonechange-r2=kQC22RBSolution:-r1=k1CACBn1=2-r2=k2CR2CBn2=3n1ctvSotheresultsarenotconsistent.Apulseinputtoavess

54、elgivestheresultsshowninFig.(a)Aretheresultsconsistent(checkthematerialbalaneewiththeexperimentaltracercurve.)(b)Iftheresultsareconsistent,determinetheamountoftracerintroducedM,andtheEcurve.FigureP1L3Solution:(a)A=-hx(25-16)(a)A=-hx(25-16)c-t2_J19tCdt+t=J*25tCdt+=9h2h，Jl9163Cdt161916+19qC_22or=C(t-1

55、6)tdt-J25-(t-25)tdt196=20secJ19ma(t16)dtJ256a(t25)dt16319619+25C-+X6Xmax-=20.5secmaxmaxX(2516)2-V60t=15sec丰t,v4Sotheresultsarenotconsistent.Astepexperimentismadeonareactor.TheresultsareshowninFig.IsthematerialbalaneeconsistentwiththetracercurveIfso,determinethevesselvolumeV,t,theFcurveandtheEcurve.F

56、igurePll,4FigurePll,4Solution:(a)IfC=m=05=0.125mol/L,A=Ct=旦C=2Cmaxv4max2maxmaxsot=2minVVVV(b)C(b)CmaxQte0,1)thenFcurseisF=(t-1),te1,3、1,te(3,g)V=2x0.125x16=8litersm0.5E=dFE=dF,sodtQte0,1)u(3,g)E=10yr)andthedataofareobtained.HowmanyunitsofthistracerwereintroducedintotheriverWhatisthevolumeofColumbiaR

57、iverwatersbetweenBonnevilleDamandthepointofintroductionoftracerWAlo啓WAlo啓-pf誌吕GSolution:(a)A=1x10-6x105=5.25x10-5丄day=M,c-2m3vrm3soweobtainM=5.25x10-5-dayx6000=27216unitsofradioisotopem3sb器-叫士5七脍-i25)dt2x(125-20)x10-6=60daym3V=tv=60dayx6000=3.11x10iom3sApipeline(10cmmlong)simultaneouslytransportsgas

58、andliquidfromheretothere.Thevolumetricflowrateofgasandliquidare60000cm3/sand300cm3/s,respectively.PulsetracertestsonthefluidsflowingthroughthepipegiveresultsasshowninWhatfractionofthepipeisoccupiedbygasandwhatfractionbyliquidFigureP1L6Solution:t=2s,t=100s,soV=vt=6000 x2=1.2x105cm3g1ggg=vt=300 x100=3

59、x104cm3iii兀兀=D2L=x102x19.1x102=1.5x105cm3total44Soweobtain%G=1.2x105x100%=80%,%L=20%1.5x105AliquidmacrofluidreactsaccordingtoARasitflowsthroughavessel.FindtheconversionofAfortheflowpatternsoftoandkineticsasshown.CA0=Imol/liter,-r.=,k=2minAUAAE.mmE.mm1E.mmE.mm1FigureC-C-CAo(1-亍)AoSolution:TOC o 1-5 h

60、 z1.t=-fCA-dC=CCCrAAoAAoACTSoweobtainCAoA(CCA-)CbatchAoEdt：(1-t)22dt=6二1-6=833118CA0=2mol/liter,-rA=kC2,k=2liter/mol118AUAAFigure11+kCtAoSolution:,CAccordingtopage274,aAoA=A=1,soE-tE-3min-1,E二max4t+1,te0,0.50,te(0.5,+s)SoC=卜(CA-)Edt=卜451(4t+1)dt=0.5,0Celement01+4tAoACAoAXA=1-0.5=0.5CAU=6mol/liter,-r