建筑项目招投标外文翻译外文文献英文文献

1、Building engineering biddingAbstract：Nowadays in theengineering construction industry，the market which ischaracteristic for project bidding, has formed. The construction companies，whichwant to create good benefits， have to control their cost and improve management toenhance the capacity of adapting

2、and competing in this market 。 This article focuseson how to decrease cost and increase income so as to control the construction costeffectively。 bidding documents should be well formulated ,which is important to a successful bidding and direct influence the success or failure of the bidding work。Be

3、cause the success or failure of the bidding for the survival and development ofenterprise has a direct impact， so we have a high quality， improve the biddocuments of the unit, prevent invalid and successful pass mark appear， become aresearchtopic。key : biddingdrawbacks of unfair competitioncounterme

4、asuresBidding is a form of projecttransactions, project bidding process is to determinethe successful bidder and the cost of the process and the price of the project ， project link，do a good job bidding to determine the price，we can effectively control construction costs, and create a fair and equit

5、able market environment， createorderlycompetitionmechanism.Biddinginconstruction activities， construction enterprises in order to tender invincible works to be successful, And from the contracted projects profitable, it needs to integrate various subjective and objective conditions ， the tender rese

6、arch strategy determine tender.Tender bidding strategy, including pricing strategies and skills。 All of the strategiesand skills from the numerous contractors bidding on the accumulated experience and objectiveunderstanding of the law and of the actual situation understanding ，but also with the cont

7、ractors decisionmaking ability and courage are closelyrelated.Bidding documents is the general programme and play book of the bidding activity through the process of bidding. The bidding documents will specify that How toconducteachbiddingwork，howtodispatchbiddingdocuments，therequirementsfor tendere

8、r，how to rate and decide bidding and the procedures of bidding.Therefore，the personnelwho is responsiblefor prepare biddingdocuments shouldfirst have a general view of the bidding work， include all the requirements and arrangements into the bidding documents. If meet problems that have not been cons

9、idered previously， then resolve them one by one during the preparation. The course of bidding documents preparation is also the course of making bidding scheme 。In another respect， bidding documents is also the legal instruments。 Besidesrelevant law and rules，the bidding documents are the common gam

10、e rules thatbidder，bidding agent and tenderer should subject to through the bidding. Biddingdocuments are the legalinstruments that all the three bidding related parties should subject to, have legal force ， therefore， the bidding documents -making personnelrequired to have the awareness and quality

11、 of legal in order to reflect the fair， justandlegal requirement in the bidding documents。In building engineering bidding law enforcement and the practice of project construction supervision system on standardizing Chinas construction market， improve the construction quality and played an active rol

12、e. But in the process of implementing exist some disadvantages, needs to perfect ， enrich and improve. Thisproject bidding documents in accordance with the bidding law of the Peoples Republic of China for bidders, bidding regulation， enterprise strictly， put forwardto bidders professional requiremen

13、ts of project profile was illustrated.Nowadays in the engineering construction industry, the market which is characteristic for project bidding, has formed。 The construction companies,whichwant to create good benefits， have to control their cost and improve management toenhance the capacity of adapt

14、ing and competing in this market 。 This article focuseson how to decrease cost and increase income so as to control the construction cost effectively。In building engineering bidding law enforcement and the practice of project construction supervision system on standardizing Chinas construction marke

15、t, improve the construction quality and played an active role. But in the process of implementing exist some disadvantages, needs to perfectenrich and improve。Thisproject bidding documents in accordance with the bidding law of the PeoplesRepublic of China for bidders, bidding regulation， enterprise

16、strictly， put forwardto bidders professional requirements of project profile was illustrated。The practice of project bidding purpose is to market competition of openness， fairness and justice. However, due to the construction market development is not standard， management system and the experience o

17、f inadequate， architecturalengineering bidding in concrete operation exist in ACTS of unfair competition ， andsome drawbacksThis obviously violate the biddingthe bidding process, and willlose its significance for other bidder fails to bid is unjust, disturbed the bidding (project contracting market

18、economic order ， for activities)， this kind of behavior must be prohibited， only in this way can we make construction engineering competitive trading activity lawfully healthy. This subject will I learned and social practice， present situation and construction project bidding system is expounded ，an

19、d the disadvantages of bidding for construction project with ACTS of unfair competition phenomenon and analysis of causes， and finally make corresponding preventive countermeasures.Construction cost management system, both theoretical discussion, but also need topractice innovation. Under the condit

20、ions of market economy, project cost management, competitive and orderly market for construction management services platform structures。 In such a premise， the original scale and method of valuationis inappropriate, and this needs to be reformed and improved。 The spirit of ”thegovernmentsmacroregul

21、ationandcontrolenterpriseautonomyofferthemarketwillprice”principle,toimplementtheimplementationspecificationbillofquantity 。Inventory Valuation bidding activities are based on market economy mechanism,based on legal, scientific, fair ， open and reasonable way to determine the winning bidder of an ec

22、onomic activity. Bidding is bidding activities constitute two basicaspects。 The bidding activity is merely that by bidding to choose the one with the workConstruction process capability, moderate cost， quality is excellent， shortduration of construction enterprises, and this is the ultimate goal ten

23、der. I haveparticipated in internships over the course of the project bidding, and completed over part of the calculation of quantities，combined with graduate experience in the designprocess，a brief analysis of the mode Quantities Call for TenderThe meaning of risk and risk characteristics of the ge

24、neral construction, the lowest price sealed bidding construction method produces several risks and incentives,accordingtotheircharacteristicsdiscussedthefeasibilityofriskcontrolandprevention. Comparison of engineering and engineering security risk management,insurance,similaritiesanddifferencesbetwe

25、enthetwoprojectsandbenefits;construction project bidding and tendering process characteristics of human behavior is analyzed to reveal the bidders risk appetite and behavioral characteristics withchanges in the external environment change， when the default punishment is light，the bidder preference a

26、ppetite for risk and default penalties, with the increase exceeds a certain value， the risk of bidders to show preference for behavior change to avoidthe risk of penalties， the greater the bidder biased in favor of a more risk-aversebehavior，theresultsofthecontrolandpreventionofriskbehaviorofbidders

27、hasanimportant and practical significanceConstruction Cost Management from the quantityone price plan model topriceofseparationvolume”modelofthemarket,andgradually establish a market price-based price formation mechanism, the price of the decision in the hands of the the market，and ultimately the al

28、location of resources through themarket in order to realize through the market mechanism to decide on project cost。This will standardize the construction market-competitive behavior and the promotionof project bidding mechanisms play an important role in innovation 。 It can be saidthat the implement

29、ation of the project bill of quantities is a project cost management system in our country a big step forward， but also in Chinas accession to the WTO,the global construction industry a powerful tool for peer competition.With the construction of indepth development of the market, the traditional fix

30、edpricing model no longer suited to market-oriented economic development needs 。 Inorder to adapt to the current project bidding by the market needs of a project cost, we must work on the existing valuation methods and pricing model for reform， theimplementation of projects bill pricing. Engineering

31、 is a list of pricing model andadapt to the market economy, allowing independent contractor pricing through marketcompetition determine prices, with the international practice of pricing model. With the bill pricing model projects to promote ， in accordance with international biddingpractices is imp

32、erative. Therefore, ”the lowest reasonable price of the successful isthemost importantevaluationmethodsAt this stage due to theimplementation of projects bill pricing model and the problems mainly against China at this stage in the minimum reasonable price of the principles of the successfulbidder，

33、most contractors have not yet set up their own enterprises of scale,companies unable to determine the reasonable Cost 。 This article is a scientific and fastsetreasonablecosttostudythekey 。 First,fromtheprojectcostofthebasicconcept，of the engineering bill pricing model under the cost structure，to ac

34、curatelypredict costs of the project provided the basis, considering the average cost of thesocial cost to individual enterprises and the tender stage of the cost estimates.Followed through on fuzzy math and technology for smooth in-depth analysis,through closedegree,” the concept of reasonable fuzz

35、y math and exponentialsmoothing technologies，construction of the project cost vague prediction model, andin accordance with the relevant information and statistics Information and experience to establish a framework structure， the comparison works Construction CostManagement from the quantityone pri

36、ce” plan model to ”price of separationvolume” model of the market, and gradually establish a market pricebased priceformation mechanism， the price of the decision in the hands of the parties involved in the market, and ultimately the allocation of resources through the market in order torealize thro

37、ugh the marketmechanism to decide on project cost。 This willstandardize the construction market-competitive behavior and the promotion ofproject bidding mechanisms play an important role in innovation. It can be said that the implementation of the project bill of quantities is a project cost managem

38、entsystem in our country a big step forward，but also in Chinas accession to the WTO，theglobal construction industry a powerful tool for peer competition。A healthy bidding system should be in accordance with the ”open， fair and andtheprinciple of good faithand establish a unifiedopencompetitive and o

39、rderly construction market. In view of the current problems existing in the bidding process， adopt regulations, and formulate and perfect the institution, strengthening process supervision measures， they can better regulate construction market order， prevent corruption from its source， purify constr

40、uction market, promote the construction market order progressively toward standardization ， institutionalizedandconstantlyimprovethequalityandlevelofthebiddingwork。建筑项目招投标摘要：目前在工程建设项目行业中,以工程招投标为特征的建筑市场已经形成， 施工企业为制造良好经济效益,必需严格把握成本,加强成本把握管理，才能提高,直接影响投标工作的成败，投标的成败对企业的生存和进展有着直接的影响,因此要编制出高质量的投标文件，提高单位的中标

41、率，防止无效标及废标消灭。关键词： 招投标 不正值竞争防范对策招标投标是一种工程交易形式，工程招投标的过程就是确定中标人和工程价格的过程，而工程价格的确定，是工程招投标工作中格外重要的一个环节,搞场环境，营造有序竞争的机制。在建筑工程招标投标活动中,建筑施工企业要想合考虑各种主观条件与客观因素、争辩投标策略，确定投标方法.投标策略包括投标策略和作价技巧。全部的策略和技巧来自承包商的很多的决策力量和魄力息息相关。从招标进程上讲,招标文件是招标活动的总纲和剧本.每项招标工作如何开头,如何发出招标文件，对投标人有什么要求,如何评标，如何决标，招标程序是作有一个全局性的生疏，把本次招标的要求和支配反映到招标文件当中,在编制当中也会遇到事先没有想到的问题,那就在编制当中逐一解决,编制招标文件的过程也是制定招标方案的过程。从另一个意义上来讲,招标文件也是法律文件,我国建筑工程招投标法实施以及工程施工监理制度的实践，对规范我国建筑市场、提高建