高考英语-语法专题构词法课件

1、第二部分高考语法点拨构词法2021届高考第一轮复习专题 10第二部分构词法2021届高考第一轮复习专题 10 目录1命题深度解读23应试能力点拨语法必备知识4高考变式训练 目录1命题深度解读23应试能力点拨语法必备知识4高考变式 命题深度解读 题型分类典型例题命题解读语法填空1.(2019全国,62)It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been poorly (poor) studied.2.(2019全国,70)We are so proud of

2、her. Its wonderful (wonder).3.(2019全国,66)When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting competition(compete) to watch, together with the story behind it.4.(2018全国,69)Running is cheap, easy and its always energetic(energy).语法填空中主要考查:1.给出名词,填写形容词;2.给出形

3、容词,填写副词或名词;3.给出动词,填写名词或形容词题型分类典型例题命题解读语法填空1.(2019全国,62题型分类典型例题命题解读短文改错1.(2019全国)What I want is not just an ordinarilyordinary cafe but a very special one.2.(2019全国)I became interestinginterested in playing football thanks to a small accident.3.(2019全国)To everyones surprisingsurprise, the ball went i

4、nto the net.4.(2018全国)Immediateimmediately, I raised my hand.1.形容词和副词的错用;2.以“-ed”与以“-ing”结尾的形容词的错用;3.形容词和名词的错用（续表）题型分类典型例题命题解读短文改错1.(2019全国)Wh 应试能力点拨 构词法与语法填空构词法与短文改错1.动词、介词、冠词、物主代词等词后一般接名词或动名词,如果所给单词是其他词类,就要将其改为名词,并注意名词数的变化;2.动词、介词后一般接名词或动名词,如果所给单词为动词,就要看该动词是否有名词形式,如果有名词形式,就用其名词形式;如果该动词没有名词形式,就用其动名

5、词形式;3.动词前后、形容词前后可有副词。如果所需词为副词时,还要考虑副词比较级的变化;4.在名词前作定语,在系动词后作表语,以及作主语或宾语的补足语时,通常要用形容词。如果所需词为形容词时,还要考虑形容词比较级的变化1.注意形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法,这也是高考短文改错题的常考点;2.v-ed和v-ing形式在句子中的错用构词法与语法填空构词法与短文改错1.动词、介词、冠词、物主代 语法必备知识 考点一形容词变副词后缀变化形式例词一般情况下直接加“ly”quickquickly;fluentfluently;stupidstupidly少数以“-e”结尾的形容词,要去掉“e”再加“

6、ly”;绝大多数以辅音字母加“e”结尾的形容词直接加“ly”truetruly;politepolitely;widewidely;wisewisely;nicenicely考点一形容词变副词后缀变化形式例词一般情况下直接加“ly”q变化形式例词以“y”结尾的,且读音为 /i/, 先将“y”改成“i”,再加“-ly”; 但是如果读音为 /a/,则直接加“-ly”happyhappily;heavyheavily;angryangrily;busybusily;drydryly;shyshyly以“-ic”结尾的词,加“-ally”economiceconomically;basicbasica

7、lly(例外:publicpublicly)以辅音字母加“-le”结尾时,去e加y;以元音字母加“-le”结尾时,直接加“-ly”simplesimply;terribleterribly;gentlegently;possiblepossibly;probableprobably;solesolely(例外:wholewholly)（续表）变化形式例词以“y”结尾的,且读音为 /i/, 先将“y”改.单句填空1.(2019浙江,语法填空)When the children are walking or cycling to school on dark mornings, car drive

8、rs can (easy) see them.2.But such a small thing couldnt (possible)destroy a village.3.He sat down and started (gentle) talking to the dog.4.(similar),when Ron Webster borrowed a book from the library of the University of Liverpool,he forgot to return it,too.possiblyeasilygentlySimilarly.单句填空possibly

9、easilygentlySim.单句改错1.Parents and teachers always think students should spend more time on their studies,but students themselves think different.2.She tore up the letter angry and threw it into the dustbin.angryangrilydifferentdifferently.单句改错angryangrilydifferentd考点二形容词变名词的后缀后缀例词-ageshort shortage不

10、足;短缺-cyefficient efficiency效率;功效fluent fluency流利;流畅accurate accuracy准确性private privacy隐私;私密考点二形容词变名词的后缀后缀例词-ageshort sho（续表）后缀例词-domfree freedom自由;自主wise wisdom明智;智慧-nessweak weakness虚弱;弱点kind kindness仁慈;好意careless carelessness粗心大意dark darkness黑暗（续表）后缀例词-domfree freedom自由;自主后缀例词-thstrong strength力气;

11、强项warm warmth温暖;热情true truth真相;真理wide width宽度-y-ty-itydifficult difficulty困难cruel cruelty残酷;残暴safe safety安全disable disability无能;残疾responsible responsibility责任（续表）后缀例词-thstrong strength力气;强项-y.单句填空1.That little act of (kind) made everyone who saw it feel good-but it made me feel the best of all!2.My

12、English improved a lot;more importantly,I gained much (confident).3.Annan will be remembered for his ability and his (warm).单句改错We fear that we do not have the strong and courage to face the truth of our situation.confidencekindnesswarmthstrongstrength.单句填空confidencekindnesswarmth考点三动词、名词变形容词的后缀后缀例词

13、-ableacceptacceptable可接受的 comfortcomfortable舒适的fashionfashionable时髦的 suitsuitable合适的reasonreasonable有道理的-albenefitbeneficial有益的 musicmusical音乐的originoriginal最初的 personpersonal个人的;私人的centercentral中央的;中心的 naturenatural自然的;天生的formformal正式的 nationnational全国的考点三动词、名词变形容词的后缀后缀例词-ableaccept（续表）后缀例词-fuldoub

14、tdoubtful怀疑的 forgetforgetful健忘的harmharmful有害的 hopehopeful有希望的peacepeaceful和平的 carecareful细心的useuseful有用的 successsuccessful成功的helphelpful有帮助的-(e)dscarescared感到恐惧的 confuseconfused感到困惑的puzzlepuzzled迷惑的 worryworried担心的beardbearded有胡须的 talenttalented有才能的underlineunderlined加下划线的balancebalanced均衡的（续表）后缀例词-

15、fuldoubtdoubtful怀疑的 （续表）后缀例词-ingsurprisesurprising令人惊讶的convinceconvincing令人信服的satisfysatisfying令人满意的worryworrying令人担心的boreboring令人厌烦的-ibleaccessaccessible容易达到的;容易取得的horrorhorrible可怕的;恐怖的terrorterrible可怕的（续表）后缀例词-ingsurprisesurprisin（续表）后缀例词-iveactactive积极的;活跃的 effecteffective有效的;生效的attractattractive

16、有吸引力的 impressimpressive给人深刻印象的instructinstructive有教育意义的expenseexpensive昂贵的-ouscontinuecontinuous不断的;持续的 anxietyanxious忧虑的cautioncautious十分小心的;谨慎的 curiositycurious好奇的humorhumorous幽默的（续表）后缀例词-iveactactive积极的;活跃的 （续表）后缀例词-sometiretiresome令人厌倦的troubletroublesome麻烦的-ytastetasty美味的;可口的 healthhealthy健康的wea

17、lthwealthy富裕的;丰富的 dirtdirty有灰尘的;脏的rainrainy有雨的 sunsunny阳光明媚的cloudcloudy阴天的（续表）后缀例词-sometiretiresome令人厌倦（续表）后缀例词-erneasteastern东方的;向东的westwestern西方的;向西的-ishchildchildish孩子气的foolfoolish愚蠢的;可笑的selfselfish自私的-icsciencescientific科学的economyeconomic经济的historyhistoric历史上著名的（续表）后缀例词-erneasteastern东方的;向东.单句填空

18、1.(2019浙江,语法填空)School uniforms are (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them.2.(2018全国,语法填空)According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total (globe)fertilizer consumption.3.The high-speed train that connects the two cities is both fast and _ (c

19、omfort).globaltraditionalcomfortable.单句填空globaltraditionalcomfort4.He was more than just an English teacher,because he also taught me _(use) lessons in life.5.Not only the teachers but also the students find the website_ (benefit).6.(2018浙江,语法填空)The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a w

20、eek may be (afford) but doing this most days adds up.beneficialusefulaffordable4.He was more than just an Eng.单句改错1.I dont think its a reason practice for them to behave in that way in our society.2.Most people nowadays are so busy with their lives that they do not have time to enjoy a healthy and b

21、alance diet.balancebalancedreasonreasonable.单句改错balancebalancedreasonr考点四动词变名词的后缀后缀例词-ion/-sion/-ationcorrectcorrection改正 attractattraction吸引concludeconclusion结论;结束 decidedecision决定admitadmission接纳;准许入学 inviteinvitation邀请explainexplanation解释 expectexpectation期望考点四动词变名词的后缀后缀例词-ion/correctco后缀例词-er/-o

22、rteach teacher老师announceannouncer播音员conduct conductor指挥;售票员-mentpunish punishment惩罚achieveachievement功绩;成就argueargument辩论;论据equip equipment装备;设备（续表）后缀例词-er/-orteach teacher老师-me（续表）后缀例词-ance/-enceappear appearance出现;外貌performperformance表演;节目exist existence存在;生存preferpreference偏爱-inghear hearing听力;听觉

23、begin beginning开始（续表）后缀例词-ance/appear appearan后缀例词-ure/-turefail failure失败press pressure压力mix mixture混合;混合物depart departure离开;出发-yrecover recovery恢复;痊愈discoverdiscovery发现其他choose choice选择varyvariety多样化;种类tendtendency趋向;趋势（续表）后缀例词-ure/fail failure失败-yreco.单句填空1.It is necessary to have a physical (exa

24、mine) every year.2.Without (hesitate),I decided to follow them and we did have lots of fun that day.单句改错It is a very effective way to learn the language and improve your pronounce.hesitationexaminationpronouncepronunciation.单句填空hesitationexaminationpr考点五形容词、名词变动词的前缀与后缀前/后缀例词前缀en-able enable使能够large

25、enlarge扩大rich enrich使充实;使丰富danger endanger危及courage encourage鼓励考点五形容词、名词变动词的前缀与后缀前/后缀例词前缀en-a（续表）前/后缀例词后缀-enbroad broaden使变宽ripe ripen使成熟sharp sharpen使尖锐wide widen加宽short shorten变短deep deepen加深dark darken使变暗hard harden使变硬（续表）前/后缀例词后缀-enbroad broaden使前/后缀例词后缀-ifyclass classify把分类just justify证明正确simpl

26、e simplify简化beauty beautify美化-izeapology apologize道歉emphasisemphasize强调memorymemorize记住realrealize认识到;实现（续表）前/后缀例词后缀-ifyclass classify把.单句填空1.You should (loose) up your muscles before playing any sport.2.My mother (courage) me and insisted that I continue my education.3.Our government attaches much

27、importance to education now,which_ (able) so many people to be well educated.单句改错1.If you want to live a simple life,you need to simple your mind.2.If you deep your knowledge or understanding of a subject,you will learn more about it and become more interested in it.encouragedloosenenablessimplesimplifydeepdeepen.单句填空encouragedloosenenables考点六表示否定意义或相反意义的前缀与后缀前/后缀例词dis-agree disagree不同意advantage disadvantage缺点appear disappear消失comfort discomfort不舒适的honest dishonest不诚实的考点六表示否定意义或相反意义的前缀与后缀前/后缀例词dis-前/后缀例词il-legal il