初中语法专项-介词讲义

1、小升初语法专项-介词什么是介词？介词是一种虚词，必须和名词、代词或名词性词语构成介词短语，才能表示一定的功能。We often do our homework after school. 我们经常在放学后做家庭作业。（表示时间）I usually go to school at seven in the morning. 我通常早上七点上学。（表示时间）The coat on the wall is mine. 墙上的外套是我的。（表示空间和地点）She goes to work bu bus. 她乘公交车去上班。（表示方式方法）表示时间的介词at, on , inat表示“在某一时刻，某一时

2、点，几岁”I get up at six every day. 我每天六点起床。She got the job at the age of 20. 她20岁那年得到那份工作。还有额外短语：At dawn 黎明 at sunrise 日出时 at noon 中午 at sunset 日落时At night 在夜里 at middle night 在午夜 at this moment此刻 at present 现在At once 立刻 at any time 随时 at this time of the year 每年此时At the beginning of 在.之初 at the end of

3、 . 在.末尾At the sight of 一看到.时 at the sound of 一听到.之时At Christmas 在圣诞节期间 at New Year 在新年on表示“在具体某一天或者某天的上、下午”。National Day is on the first of October. 国庆节是10月1日。She will visit her uncle on next Monday. 下周一她将去看望她舅舅。in表示在较长的一段时间，如：世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月、以及泛指的上午、下午、晚上。In the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上I

4、 often go swimming in summer. 夏天我常常去游泳。常见短语：In the 21st century 在二十一世纪 in the Tang Dynasty 在唐朝In modern times 在现代 in 2022 在2022年In spring/summer/autumn/winter 在春/夏/秋/冬季 in May 在五月In the past 在过去 in the future 在未来In ones childhood 在某人的童年时代 in ones youth 在某人的青年时代In ones twenties 在某人二十几岁的时候 in ones old

5、 age 在某人年老（晚年）的时候In the meantime 同时 in the end 最终before,afterbefore与after相对，before指“在.之前”，after表示“在.之后”。Wash your hands before dinner. 吃饭前请洗手。New year comes after Christmas. 圣诞节之后就是元旦。注意：在this,last,next,every等词前一般不加介词。This evening/afternoon/morning 今天晚上/下午/早上（上午） last Thursday 上周四Next Sunday 下周日 eve

6、ry Monday（week，summer，year等时间性名词）since,tillsince表示“自从.以来”，till表示“直到.为止”We have lived here since three years ago. 我们自从三年前就住这儿了。He came back till mid-night yesterday. 他昨天直到深夜才回来。forfor表示时间长短，动作或者状态持续多久，后面的宾语是一段时间。For a few minutes he sat on his bed waiting the clock. 他坐在床上盯着时钟看了几分钟。duringduring表示“在.期间

7、”Tom swims every day during the summer.表示空间的介词at, in, on, toat表示在小地方。如：Please pick me up at the airport. 请到机场来接我。She was at home just now. 她刚才在家。In表示在大地方，“在.范围之内”。如： in China 在中国On表示毗邻，接壤，“在.上面”。如 on the table 在桌子上to表示“在.范围之外”，不强调是否接壤；或“到.”如：Atlanda was only an hours drive to the north. 开车往北仅一个小时就能到

8、达亚特兰大。above, over,on 在.之上Above 指“在.上方”，不强调是否垂直，与below相对。over指垂直的上方，与under相对，但over与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。On表示在物体上面，并与之接触。如：The bird is flying above his head. 鸟儿在他的头顶飞过。There is a bridge over the river. 河上有一座桥。There is a boat on the river. 河上有条船。below，under在.下面under表示“在.正下方”；below表示“在.下方”，不一定是正下方。A dog is sl

9、eeping under the tree. 一条狗在树下睡觉。Please do not write below this line. 请不要写到这条线下面。in front of, in the front of 在.前面In front of. 意思是“在.前面”，指甲物在乙物之前，两者互不包括；其反义词是behind（在.后面）。如：There is a big tree in front of the house. 房子前面有棵大树。In the front of 意思是“在.前部”，即甲物在乙物的内部；反义词是at the back of.（在.范围内的后部）。如：There is

10、 a blackboard in the front of our classroom. 我们教室前面有一块黑板。beside, behindBeside 表示“在.旁边”。如：The little boy is sitting beside his father. 小男孩正坐在他爸爸旁边。Behind 表示“在.后面”。如：Who is the girl behind Mary? 玛丽后面的女孩是谁？between, amongBetween 指在两个人或两个事物之间。如：Write two numbers between 1 and 10. 写下两个1到10之间的数字。Among 指在三个

11、或三个以上的人或事物之间。如：Shanghai is among the largest cities in the world. 上海是世界上最大的几座城市之一。表示方式的介词InIn 表示使用语言、工具。如：Can you say it in English? 你能用英语说吗？I go to school in a car. 我开车去上学。Withwith表示使用工具、身体部位。如：She covered her eyes with hands. 她用手蒙住了眼睛。I saw the accident with my own eyes. 我亲眼看见了这次事故。Byby表示“用.，以.， 靠

12、.”。如：He goes to work by bus. 他坐公交车去上学。You should learn English by heart. 你应该用心学英语。表示方向的介词FromFrom 表示出发地。如：He comes from Canada. 他来自加拿大。to，towards，forTo表示目的地；towards表示运动的方向；for表示目的地的方向。如：This road leads to London. 这条路通向伦敦。He ran towards her with outspread arms. 他张开双臂朝她跑去。We set off for Hangzhou. 我们动身

13、去杭州。up, down, alongUp 表示方向朝上；down表示方向朝下；along表示“沿着.”。如：I ran up the stairs. 我跑上楼。She is walking down the seaside. 她正沿着海边走。They walked along the road. 他们沿着路走。巧记口诀In 在.里面， out 在.外面 在旁边的是beside, 靠近的是by。On 在.上面，under在.下面；above在上面，below在底下；Over、under正上下，above、below则不然。Before、after表一点，Ago、later表一段。 有形with

14、无形by. 语言、单位、材料in。年月季周要用in，遇到几号要用on；早午晚又是in，某日早午晚要用on；At黎明、午夜点与分，说“差”用to，说“过”要用past。专项练习一、单项选择题1、Whats that _ English?A. for B.in C.on D. under2、The man _ the photo is my father. A. in B.on the C.in the D. under3、Sams father often watches TV _ the evening.A. on B.at C.in D. from4、The woman _ thr red

15、coat is our teacher.A.on B.in C.under D. of5、Its hot _ summer in Beijing.A. on B.in C.at D. of6、-where is the bird? -Its _ the tree.A. in B.in C.ion D. under7、I got an A _ my English test.A. in B.on C./ D. of8、Look _ the nice car.A. to B.and C.at D. in9、Classes begin _ seven fifty-five.A. in B.on C.

16、at D. for10. I usually have lunch _ school _ noon.A.at, at B.in, at C.at, on D. to,at11.The boy is good _drawing.A.on B. at C.in D. are12.-Wheres the shopping center? -Its _ Zhongshan Road.A.at B.in C. on D. of13.Look at the red apple _ the tree. How fresh!A.on B.in C.of D. at14. Here are your socks

17、. Put _ , please.A.on it B.it on C. on them D. them on15. She often goes shopping _ Sunday afternoon.A.at B.in C. on D. for16. The bed _ the right is yours.A.on B.in C.at D. of17.I get up very early _ weekdays.A.at, at B.in, at C.at, on D. to,at18. The firl usually play the violin _ Saturday morning

18、.A.at B.in C.on D. of19. _ Octoboer, 2003, Shenzhou V flew into space with Yang Liwei.A.At B.In C.On D. Of20. Look at him. Hes trying to get _ the bus.A.up B.in C. on D. at21. Kate is telling her classmates about Halloween _ the phone.A.in B. at C. on D. by22. They go to school _.A.by foot B.on foot

19、 C.on bike D. take bike23. The park is near the hospital. We can also say its _ the hospital.A.between B.far from C.next to D. in24. -Excuse me, Jack. Where is your new car? -_.A.in the tree B.on the tree C.Near the tree D. in tree.25.-Thank you _ your help. - Youre welcome.A.for B.two C.give D. of2

20、6. This new pencil-case is only _ Jimmy.A.in B.on C.for D. at27. Its time _ lunch.A.of B.have C.to D. for28. -What would you like _ a birthday present? -I would like a yo-yo.A.for B.as C.with D. of29.The eggs and the milk are _ breakfast.A.in B.for C.with D. between30. -Can I help you? -I want a ham

21、burger. - A hamburger _ me, too.A.to B.for C.of D. at31. Hainan Province is famous _ a beautiful place to visit.A.in B.to C.for D. about32. Whats wrong _ your pencil-case?A.about B.with C.for D. at33. The man _ a book in his hand is my uncle.A.and B.of C.with D. for34. The boy _ big eyes is Toms bro

22、ther.A.in B.with C.for D. at35. Mary never argues _ anyone _ any problem in her class.A.about, with B.with, about C.to, about D. for, about36. My parents often tell me _ your family.A.about B.from C.for D. by37. -Whats your favourite book? - I like books _ animals.A.to B.for C.about D. in38. Were go

23、ing to stay here tomorrow. What _ you?A.about B.besides C.with D. around39. Helen is talking _ her parents _ her birthday party.A.to, about B.about, in C.with, for D. for,at40. He usually go to school _ underground.A.on B.in C.by D. to41.-How does your father go to work every day? - _ taxi.A.In B.By

24、 C.On D. With42. Our school isnt far _ here.A.to B.near C.of D. from43. He is Chinese. He comes _ China.A.in B./ C.on D. from44. Bobby is quite different _ others.A.to B.as C.from D. like45. China sent Yang Liwei _ space in 2003.A.into B.in C.to D. at46. Helen is behind me. I am _ Helen. A.behind B.

25、in front of C.beside D. in the front of47. Who gave it _ you ?A.to B.for C.of D.with48.-Who are your parents talking _? -I dont know.A.for B.to C.on D. at49. Do you know the answer _ the question.A.to B.of C.at D. in50. I walk _ the park with Joe.A.at B./ C.with D. to51. I want to buy a new coat _ my mother. And I want ot show it _her.A.to, to B.to,for C.for, for D. for, to52. What holiday comes _ Christmas?A.in B. at C. on D. after53. He is taking _ his coat.A.on B.up C.down D. off54. Dont forget to turn _ TV before you go t