北京市通州区2019届高三一模考试英语试卷

1、北京市通州区2019届高三一模考试英语试卷北京市通州区2022届高三一模考试英语试卷一、语法填空Ihavebeentomanyplacesasanewsreporter.InIndia,Ivisitedacitywherethereweremany1.(home)children.Somewereasyoungasfouryearsold.Theylivedinthestreets2.survivedbybeggingorstealing.Butthenawonderfullady3.(call)Rosaopenedahomeforthem.Withinoneyear,shewaslookin

2、gaftertwohundredchildren.Sheclothedthem,fedthemandtaughtthem.Shegavethemhope.Onlineshopping1.(welcome)bymostpeopleduetovariousreasons.Fortheconsumers,itcansavesometimeforthepeople2.donthavemuchsparetime.Justclickingthemouse,theycangetwhattheywant3.stayingathome.Forthesellers,itcancutsomecostsforthos

3、ewithoutenoughcirculatingfunds.Comparedwiththetraditionaltrademode,theydonthavetospendmoneyin4.(rent)ahouse.Peterworked1.anightwatchmaninasmallfactory.Onemorninghisbosscameinwithasuitcase.HesaidtoPeter,ImgoingtoNewYorktomorrow.Seeyou.Petersaid,“Oh,youmustntgo.Thefactoryowneraskedhimwhy.Peteranswered

4、thathe2.(have)anightmarethenightbefore.Inthedream,hehadseenthenextdaysplanetoNewYorkcrashovertheAtlanticOcean.Petersboss3.(immediate)cancelledhisticketandstayedintheoffice.Theplanecrashed;thebossthankedPeterandgavehimabigpresent.Thenhefiredhim.二、完形填空“Sara,dontforgetyourpromisetomethatyouwillmow(割草)M

5、rs.Martinsyardthisweekend,saidDad.“Dontletmedown.Sarawastheoldestchildinthefamily,andoneofherchoreswastomowtheiryard.Mrs.Martin,their_neighbor,wasunabletotakecareofheryardinher70s,soSarasdadhad_Saraforthisjob._Mrs.Martinsyardwasnotbig,Saraknewthejobwouldgoquickly.However,shestilldislikedherdads_.“Wh

6、ydidntyouaskmefirst?Sarahad_.“Didyouaskmefirstwhenyouvolunteeredmetobeintheschoolfestivallastfall?askedSarasfather.“Well,no,Ididntaskyoufirst,_youwouldhavedonethosethingsanyway.Yourealways_tohelp.“I_whenIcan.Dadanswered.“Sara,wehaveknownMrs.Martinforaverylongtime.Shehasoften_ourfamily.Nowwecandosome

7、thingforher._,thefeelingyougetfromhelpingsomeonemakesyou_whoisreallyhelpingwhom.“Idontknow,Dad,saidSara.“TheonlyfeelingIgetfrommowingouryardis_.“Justyouwaitandsee,saidDadAfterbreakfast,SaramadeherwaytoMrs.Martinsyard.ShewasgoodatherjobandsoonhadMrs.Martinsyardlooking_.Mrs.Martincameoutsidewithabiggl

8、assoforangejuiceand_ittoher.Sarastoppedherworkand_enjoyedthedrink,whileMrs.Martintalkedtoheraboutalloftheflowersinheryard.Seeingthe_inMrs.Martinseyes,Sarabegantounderstandhowmuchtheyard_toMrs.Martin.Afterfinishingherdrink,Sarareturnedtoworkwithanew_.Awarmfeelingbeganto_throughherbody.Herdadwas_.Itwa

9、shardtotellwhowashelpingwhom!1.A.strangeB.newC.agedD.faithful2.A.guidedB.volunteeredC.orderedD.forced3.A.OnceB.SinceC.UnlessD.Although4.A.promiseB.argumentC.permissionD.introduction5.A.repliedB.suggestedC.complainedD.announced6.A.butB.soC.orD.for7.A.proudB.willingC.afraidD.fortunate8.A.chooseB.succe

10、edC.hesitateD.try9.A.respectedB.changedC.protectedD.helped10.A.BesidesB.InsteadC.ThereforeD.Otherwise11.A.imagineB.exploreC.worryD.wonder12.A.scaredB.movedC.tiredD.relaxed13.A.tidyB.aliveC.emptyD.messy14.A.threwB.deliveredC.offeredD.sold15.A.eagerlyB.generouslyC.carefullyD.gratefully16.A.determinati

11、onB.peaceC.curiosityD.joy17.A.relatedB.meantC.belongedD.referred18.A.attitudeB.wisdomC.inspirationD.expectation19.A.existB.flyC.spreadD.break20.A.unusualB.rightC.seriousD.helpful三、阅读理解Iwasintheseventhgrade,andwehadmovedtoNewJerseyinNovember.Bythen,everyonealreadyhadhadtheirownfriends,andnoonewantedt

12、otalktoanewgirl.Tomakethingsworse,theyputmein“SectionL.IfoundoutlaterthateveryonecalledSectionL“Loserville.Itwassortofanopensecretthatitwasthesectionfortroublemakersandnot-so-smartkids.WhenIfoundout,Iwantedtoscream.Ihadalwaysbeenagoodstudentandhadamazingfriends,andnoweveryonethoughtIwasaloser!Ididte

13、xtmyfriendsinIllinoisalmosteverynight,especiallymybestfriend,Ana.Atfirstmyfriendswantedtohearallaboutit.ButthensomestoppedtextingbackonceIsaidsomethingabouthowmiserableIwas.OnenightwhenIwastextingwithAna,Icomplainedaboutanotherfriendwhohadjustdonethat.Anastextscamereallyfastforthenextfewminutesandth

14、eysurprisedme.ShesaidthatshewastiredofhearingabouthowbadeverythingwasinNewJersey,too.ShesaidshedidnotwanttohurtmyfeelingsbutthatIneededtostopfeelingsosorryformyselfallthetime,Ihadtotrytomakethingsbetter.Thenextday,IthoughtalotaboutwhatAnahadsaid.Shewasright!IwishIcouldsaythateverythingchangedovernig

15、htafterthat,butitdidnt.Iwasstillstuckin“Loserville,andsomepeoplewerestillmeantome,eventhoughItriedtojuststayoutoftheirway.ButwhatdidchangewasmeIstoppedfeelingsosorryformyselfanddidsomethingaboutmakingfriends.Isigneduptomakesetsfortheschoolplay.Imetalotofnewpeoplethere,andsuddenlyIhadfriendstosayhito

16、inthehalls!IstillmissIllinoissometimes,butlifeinNewJerseyisntsohardanymore.EventhoughIcouldntchangemysituation,Icouldchangemyattitudeandthatmadeallthedifference.1.“Loservilleisasectionfor_.A.failuresB.goodstudentsC.classsecretsD.newcomers2.Thewritercomplainedallthetimeinthenewenvironmentbecause_.A.A

17、nadidnttextbacktoherB.herfriendshurtherfeelingsC.shewasunfairlytreatedD.shewasagoodstudent3.Whatmadeadifferenceinchangingthesituation?A.ShewentbacktoIllinois.B.SheendedfriendshipwithAna.C.Shefoughtbackwithherclassmates.D.Shebegantomakefriendswithothers.4.Thebesttitleforthepassagecanbe_.A.LastingFrie

18、ndshipB.AnIncidenceatSchoolC.SayGoodbyeto“LoservilleD.Unhappinessin“LoservilleThesedayseveryoneisworriedaboutthesizeoftheircarbonfootprint.Inordertoreduceglobalwarming,weneedtomakeourcarbonfootprintssmaller.ButhowmuchCOareweresponsiblefor?AnewbookbyMikeBerners-Lee(aleadingexpertincarbonfoot-printing

19、)mightbeabletohelp.TheCarbonFootprintofEverythinglooksatthedifferentthingswedoandbuy,andcalculatestheamountofCO2theyproduce,includingtheingredients,theelectricity,theequipment,thetransportandthepackaging.Anditsfrighteninghowmuchcarbondioxideeverythingproduces.Butallofthiscanhelpusdecidewhichbeertodr

20、ink.FromBerners-Leescalculations,itsclearthatapint(568ml)oflocally-brewed(酿制的)beerhasasmallercarbonfootprintthanabottleofimportedbeer.Thisisbecausetheimportedbeerhasbeentransportedfromfaraway,anditusesmorepackaging.Thelocalbeeronlyproduces300gofCO2-buttheimportedbeerproduces900g!So,onepintoflocalbee

21、risbetterfortheenvironmentthanthreecansofcheapforeignbeerfromthesupermarket.Berners-Leehasevencalculatedthecarbonfootprintofcyclingtowork.Nothingismoreenvironmentally-friendlythanridingabike,surely?Well,itdependsonwhatyouvehadtoeatbefore.Torideabikeweneedenergyandforenergyweneedfood.So,ifweeatabanan

22、aandthenrideakilometerandahalf,ourfootprintis65gofCO2.However,ifweeatbaconbeforethebikeride,its200g.Infact,bananasaregoodingeneralbecausetheydontneedpackaging.Theycanbetransportedbyboatandtheygrowinnaturalsunlight.So,doesthismeanthatcyclingisbadfortheenvironment?Absolutelynot.Ifyoucycle,youdontuseyo

23、urcar;andthefewercarsontheroad,thefewertrafficjams.AndcarsintrafficjamsproducethreetimesmoreCO2thancarstravellingatspeed.Cyclingalsomakesyouhealthyandlesslikelytogotoahospital.Andhospitalshaveverybigcarbonfootprints!So,maybeitstimeforusalltostartmakingsomechanges.Passmeabananaandapintoflocalbeer,ple

24、ase.1.Whichofthefollowingsproducesthesmallestcarbonfootprints?A.Apintoflocalbeer.B.Abottleofimportedbeer.C.Abananabeforea1.5kmbikeride.D.Baconbeforea1.5kmbikeride.2.Accordingtothearticle,theauthorsuggestschoosingthelocalfoodbecauseitis_.A.moretastyB.easiertobuyC.betterpackagedD.moreenergy-saving3.Th

25、epurposeofwritingthisarticleisto_.A.promoteanewbookB.advertisetheimportedbeerC.instructhowtomeasurethecarbonfootprintD.encouragepeopletoreducetheproductionofCO2Mostadultsfirmlybelievethataskidsreachtheirteens,theystarttotakecrazyrisksthatgetthemintrouble.Doteenagerssimplylovetakingallrisksmuchmoreth

26、anadults?Arecentstudysuggestsotherwise.Scientistsdesignedasimpleexperimentinvolving33teenagersandthreeotheragegroups.Intheexperiment,theresearcherstriedtodistinguishbetweentwoverydifferentkindsofrisk-taking.Thefirsttheycalledawillingnesstotakeknownrisks(whentheprobabilityofwinningisclear)andthesecon

27、dtheycalledawillingnesstotakeunknownrisks(whenthepossibilityofsuccessisuncertain).Thestudyofferedparticipantstheopportunitytoplaytwokindsofgames.Theyhadthechancetowinmoney,withonegameofferingaknownriskandtheotherofferinganunknownrisk.Oneachroundofthegame,eachparticipanthadtochoosebetweentakingasure$

28、5andknownorunknownrisksofwinningalotmore.Ifononeparticularroundtheyhadpickedthe$5forsurechoice,thentheygot$5.Butifonthatroundtheyhadchosentotakearisk,therulesofthegamewilldeterminewhetherornottheyhadwon.Iftheydidwin,theywenthomewithbetween$8and$125.And,ofcourse,iftheylost,theywenthomewithnothing.Wha

29、tthescientistsfoundwasreallyquitesurprising.Itturnedoutthattheaverageteenagerwasveryhesitantwhenriskswereknownmorecarefulthancollegestudentsorparents-agedadults,andaboutascarefulasgrandparent-agedadults.Thismeansthatwhentheriskswereknown,teenagerswerenotriskyintheirbehavioratall.Onlywhentheriskswere

30、uncleardidteenagerschoosethemmoreoftenthanothergroups.Underthosekindsofconditions,theyweremuchmorewillingtotakeariskthananyothergroup.So,whatdoesallofthismean?Theresearchsuggeststhatadultsshouldprobablyfocusmoreenergyontryingtoeducateteenagersaboutrisksthanlimitingthem.Teenagerswhounderstandtherisks

31、associatedwithadecisionaremorelikelytobecarefulintheirbehavior.1.ThisexperimentwascarriedoutbyA.dividingtheteensintothreegroupsB.comparingthereactionstodifferentrisksC.givingequalamountofawardstotheparticipantsD.observingtheemotionalchangesoftheteenager2.Whenfacingknownrisks,teenagerstendedtobe_.A.a

32、mbitsB.cautiousC.anxiousD.curious3.Whichgroupinthestudyweremorelikelytotakeunknownrisks?A.Teenagers.B.Collegestudents.C.Parent-agedadults.D.Grandparent-agedadults.4.Accordingtothestudy,parentsshouldfocuson_.A.guaranteeingchildrentobecarefulB.settingagelimitsondangerousactivitiesC.respectingteenstoma

33、ketheirownchoicesD.guidingteenstolearnmoreabouttheeffectofrisksSharkattacksnotonlydisturbbeachactivities,butcanaffectassociatedtouristindustries.Sharknetsareacommonsolutiontopreventingsharkattacksonbeaches,buttheycausedangerstoseaecosystems.Seekingacost-effectivewaytomonitorbeachsafetyoverlargeareas

34、,wehavedevelopedasystemcalledSharkSpotter.Itcombinesartificialintelligence(AI),computingpower,anddrone(无人机)technologytoidentifyandwarnlifesaverstosharksnearswimmers.TheprojectisacooperationbetweentheUniversityofTechnologySydneyandTheRipperGroup,whichispioneeringtheuseofdronescalled“WestpacLittleRipp

35、erLifesaversinthesearchandrescuemovementinAustralia.SharkSpottercandetectsharksandotherpotentialthreatsusingreal-timeaerialimagery.Thesystemanalysesvideofromacameraattachedtoadronetomonitorbeachesforsharks,sendwarnings,andconductrescues.Developedwithtechniquesknownas“deeplearning,theSharkSpottersyst

36、emreceivesimageryfromthedronecameraandattemptstoidentifyallobjectsinthescene.Oncecertainobjectsaredetected,theyareputintooneof16categories:shark,whale,dolphin,rays,differenttypesofboats,surfers,andswimmers.Ifasharkisdetected,SharkSpotterprovidesbothavisualsignonthecomputerscreenandanaudiblewarningto

37、theoperator.TheoperatorconfirmsthewarningandsendstextmessagesfromtheSharkSpottersystemtotheSurfLifeSaversforfurtheraction.Inanemergency,thedroneisequippedwithalifesavingflotationpod(漂浮仓)togetherwithanelectronicsharkrepellent(驱逐装置)thatcanbedroppedintothewaterincaseswhereswimmersareinseveretrouble,tra

38、ppedinarip,oriftherearesharkscloseby.InJanuary20 xx,theWestpacLittleRipperLifesaverswasusedtorescuetwoyoungswimmerscaughtinaripatLennoxHead,NSW.Thedroneflewdownthebeachsome800metersfromthelifeguardstation,andalifesavingflotationpodwasdroppedfromthedrone.Thecompleterescueoperationtook70seconds.Webeli

39、eveSharkSpotterisawin-winforbothmarinelifeandbeachgoers.ThisuniquetechnologycombinesdynamicvideoimageprocessingAIandadvanceddronetechnologytocreativelydealwiththeglobalchallengeofensuringsafebeaches,protectingenvironments,andpromotingtourism.1.ASharkSpotteris_.A.asolutiontomonitorsharksB.anequipment

40、toidentifylifesaversC.atechnologytopreventsharkattacksD.aprojecttopioneertheuseofdrones2.Whenasharkisspottednearaswimmer,thesystemwill_.A.taketimelyactionB.analyzethevisualdataC.classifytheidentifiedobjectsD.turnon“deeplearningmode3.Theexampleinthe5thparagraphshowsusthatthesystemisA.efficientinsavin

41、glivesB.effectiveindetectingsharksC.smartindrivingsharksawayD.practicaloverthewholeseaarea4.WhatistheauthorsattitudetowardsthefutureofSharkSpotter?A.Doubtful.B.Optimistic.C.Negative.D.Objective.四、七选五Nowadays,WeChatisaboutexpressingouropinionsandWeiboisaboutcollectingthingswelike.Bothofthemdevelopour

42、self-focus.Self-focussimplymeansyoupayattentiontohowyoufeel,thinkandbehave.Self-focusisntnaturallyabadthing.Particularlyinindividualistic(个人主义的)cultures,wevalueourabilitytobeself-aware.1.Unfortunately,whenyouareregularlyfocusingonyourself,youllnoticeanydissatisfaction,anxiety,orgeneraldiscomfortyoumightnothaveotherwise.2.Asaresult,self-focuscontributestoawiderangeofmentalhealthproblemslikeanxiety.Butquittingt