可用的虚拟语气 Grammar课件

1、Module 5 & 6GrammarNowadays many people are not happy ! Why?Because they base their life on “ifs”.If I had a million dollars,Subjunctive MoodSubjunctive Mood虚拟语气 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反， 常常表示一种假设情况(愿望，建议，假设)。1 表示与现在事实相反的假设, if条件状语从句谓语用“一般过去式 (be 一般用were)”, 而主句谓语动词由“would/should/ c

2、ould/might + 动词原形”构成。即：If 主语 , 主语 +V原 虚拟语气常常用在条件状语从句was/were/V-edshould (wouldcould, might)What would you do if you won the lottery?If I won the lottery, I wouldIf I won the lottery, I would buy an expensive car. If I had a lot of money now, I would travel around the world.2. 与过去的事实相反从句的谓语用had过去分词,

3、构成If I (we, you, he, they)had过去分词的形式；主句的谓语用should/would/could/might have 动词过去分词。即： If 主语 , 主语 +have V-edhad been /V-edshould (wouldcould, might) If I had learnt how to swim,I _ trapped onthat island.would not have been a. If Tom _ (be) more careful in the exam, he _ (pass) it already.b. If you _ (ge

4、t) up earlier, you _ (catch) the first train.had beenwould have passedhad gotwould have caught Fill in the blanks.3. 与将来事实相反if从句谓语用：动词过去式 /were to do / should do 的任一形式形式, 主句谓语用：should/would/could/might 动词原形。即：If 主语 , 主语 +V原shouldwere to或动词过去式should (wouldcould, might)If he _ up early, he would be on

5、 time.got假如他来了, 我们对他说什么呢？If he were to come, what should we say to him?假如他看见我, 就会认出我。If he should see me, he would know me.我们已经学习了虚拟语气在条件句中的应用，同学们都掌握了么？现在就用表格的形式复习一下吧！“if”条件从句中用于虚拟语气的三种情况 主句谓语形式从句谓语形式与现在事实相反与过去事实相反与将来事实相反 如条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词时间不一致，叫做错综条件虚拟语气或混合条件句。主句和从句的谓语动词应根据各自对应的时间而定。If you

6、had followed the teachers advice, you wouldnt be in the hospital.翻译： 如果你昨晚没有看电影看到那么晚的话，你现在就不会那么困了。 If you hadnt seen that film late last night, you wouldnt be so sleepy. wish/if only 现在：过去：未来：did (were)had donewould /coulddo 1) I wish I were a bird.（现在）2) I wish I hadnt made such a mistake.（过去）3) We

7、 wish our parents wouldnt punish us. （将来） 翻译：1. 要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。 2. 要是我没错过火车就好了！If only our parents could live with us!If only I hadnt missed the train!2. would rather (that)现在：过去：未来：1.I would rather you paid me now.2. I would rather you had gone, too.3.Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow

8、.diddidhad done3. Its (about/high) time + that should dodid你该走了。我们该去睡觉了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you should go.Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. 4. 表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。1) 宾语从句。常见动词： 一个坚持，两个 命令，三个建议，四个要求。即1. insist 2. order, command 3. advise, suggest,

9、propose4. demand, require, request, desire这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词使用should + 动词原形，或者将should省略。I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. He insisted that he (should) be sent there.注意：如suggest, insist不表示“建议” 或“坚持要某人做某事时”，即它们用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为/说时，宾语从句用陈述语气。 The guard at gate insisted tha

10、t everybody _ (obey) the rules.2. He insisted that she _ (be) seriously ill and that _ (send) to hospitals at once.3. He suggested that we _ (have) a meeting at once.4. His pale face suggested that he _ (be) ill.obeywasbe senthavewas以上动词的其它形式如名词order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, d

11、esire等构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。eg,1. My demand is that she should come to see me once a week.2. All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.5. Its necessary / strange / natural / important + that-Clause 从句中的动 词要用虚拟，即（should）+ 动词原形1.It is important that we (s

12、hould) master a foreign language.2.Its necessary that we should study hard.6. 含蓄条件句：句中有otherwise,或or 引导的并列句 或介词短语with, without ， but for（？）等时，主句谓语动词要用虚拟语气 。 Without air , there would be no living things. b. But for your help , I couldnt have done it.(If there were no air)(If it hadnt been for your h

13、elp)I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have gone there with them.(If I hadnt been busy that day, I would have gone there with them.) 7. In adverbial clauses introduced by even if, as if, as though etc, we can use unreal conditionals.Even if he were ill, he would go to his office. 即使生了病，他也去办公室。 H

14、e treated me as if I were a stranger. 他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人似的。She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。8. 某些简单句的固定句型： Heaven help him! God bless you! May you succeed! Long live the Peoples Republic of China!9. 条件状语从句的倒装：当从句中含有had, should或were时，可将它们提到从句句首，但须省略if。 If you shou

15、ld be a college student,=If you=If you =Should you be a college student,= 1. If the traffic hadnt been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 oclock. What a pity! Tina _ here to see you. (2005 湖南) A. is B. was C. would be D. has been实战高考2. Every evening after dinner, if not _ from work, I will spend

16、some time walking my dog. (2009 湖南) A. being tired B. tiring C. tired D. to be tired 3. If he _ my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job. (2010 湖南) A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow4. John went to the hospital alone. If he _ me about it, I would have gone with him. (2010 天津

17、) A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told5. Maybe if I _ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help. (2011 北京) A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying6. It is time that the government _ measures to protect the rare birds and animals. A. takes B. took

18、 C. has taken D. taking 7. Some people are too particular about school records, insisting that every applicant _ all diplomas from elementary school to university. A. has B. will have C. should have D. must have 单项选择8. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he _ to the meeting. A. would come B. came

19、C. would have come D. had come 9. If I had seen the movie, I _ you all about it now. A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told 10. Its about time people _ notice of what women did during the war. A. take B. took C. have taken D. will take 11. Hes working hard for fear that he _ . A.

20、 should fall behind B. fell behind C. may fall behind D. would fall behind 12. For a child to give up his less mature idea for a more mature one, it requires that the child _ psychologically ready for the new idea. A. is B. were C. be D. would be 13. _ cease advertising, prices would be significantl

21、y reduced. A. Were they to B. Could they C. If they D. Would they14. Five minutes earlier, and we _ the last bus. A. had caughtB. should have caught C. could have caught D. caught15. If only you _ him what I said! Everything would have been all right. A. didnt toldB. hadnt told C. would not tell D.

22、would have not told16. He must have had an accident, or he _ here then. A. would have been B. had been C. should have been D. could be17. Much labour would have been saved if the electronic computers _ before. A. had invented B. were invented C. should have been invented D. had been invented18. I wi

23、sh I _ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class. A. could have slept B. slept C. might have sleptD. have slept19. You dont have to be in such a hurry. I would rather you _ on business first. A. would go B. will go C. went D. have gone20. If only the committee _ the regulations and

24、put them into effect as soon as possible. A. approve B. will approve C. can approveD. would approve21. We didnt know his telephone number, otherwise we _ him. A. would have telephoned B. must have telephoned C. would telephoneD. had telephoned22. It was essential that the application forms _ back be

25、fore the deadline. A. must be sent B. would be sent C. be sent D. were sent23.What a pity. Considering his ability and experience, he _ better. (2008 江西) A. need have done B. must have done C. can have done D. might have done24. He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he _ it differently.

26、 (2009 江苏) A. could express B. would express C. could have expressed D. must have expressed25. But for their help, we _ the program in time. (2009 安徽) A. can not finish B. will not finish C. had not finished D. could not have finished26. But for the help of my English teacher, I _ the first prize in the English Writing Competition. (2009 福建) A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won 27. J