（外语类考证）GMAT语文部分考试真题试卷及答案

1、1、According to the passage, which of the following is a factor that is threatening the survival of coral reef communities?A.The waters they inhabit contain few nutrient resources.B.A decline in nutrient input is disrupting their symbiotic relationship with zooxanthellaeC.The degraded waters of their

2、 marine habitats have reduced their ability to carry out photosynthesisD.They are too biologically complex to survive in habitats with minimal nutrient input.E.Waste by-products result in an increase in nutrient input to reef communities.2、By observing the authors tone, it can be inferred that which

3、 of the following most accurately represents the authors opinions?A.The author is in favor of immediate implementation of the Kyoto Protocol by all nations.B.The author believes that the costs of the Kyoto Protocol should fall equally on industrialized and developing nations.C.The author doubts that

4、 the Kyoto Protocol is an effective measure to address the problem of global warming.D.The author is not convinced that the problems raised by global warming justify the severe restrictions imposed by the Kyoto Protocol on national economies.E.The author believes the Kyoto Protocol is more comprehen

5、sive than prior efforts to address the problem of global warming at an international level.3、The questions in this group are based on the content of a passage. After reading the passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following the passage on the basis of what is state

6、d or implied in the passage. Dear Sirs, Given all the coverage that the emergence of hybrid cars has received in your pages in recent months, your readers may be interested to learn that gasoline-electric hybrids are not a new phenomenon at all, but rather the latest incarnation of an idea that has

7、been kicking around for over a century. Indeed, the hybrid car has been around almost as long as the automobile itself. At the turn of the twentieth century, as the automotive age dawned, three power-generating technologies competed for dominance: steam, gasoline, and electricity. In the year 1900,

8、steam was well known as the power source of the industrial revolution, and electricity was widely regarded as the power source of the future, so it was not at all obvious that internal combustion engines burning a fractional distillate of crude petroleum would have any particular edge in this race f

9、or the powertrains of America. Indeed, when engineer H. Piper filed the first patent application for a gasoline-electric hybrid motor in 1905, his intention was to use the gas to give a little kick to his perfectly serviceable electric engine. His goal: an engine that could accelerate from 0 to 25 m

10、iles per hour in 10 seconds. Piper achieved his goal. Electric and hybrid-electric engines powered more than 35,000 vehicles sold in 1912. These cars were perfectly adequate for the time, but over the following decade they mostly disappeared from the market, through no fault of their own. The cause

11、of their decline was the spectacular improvements in the cost and performance of gasoline-powered cars. An onslaught of fast and cheap internal combustion cars from Ford, General Motors, and Buick essentially buried the electric and electric-hybrid motors by the 1920s. Continuing performance improve

12、ments in internal combustion engines and inexpensive gas pretty much kept hybrids buried until the oil crises of 1973 and 1979 gave Americans a reason to start thinking about fuel efficiency. Engineers had the motivation to think about fuel-efficient hybrids, but they still lacked the means to make

13、hybrids economically competitive with gas-powered cars, because the performance of gas-electric engines lagged far behind that of gas-powered engines in acceleration, top speed, and cruising range. Dramatic improvements in electronics and computer technology during the 1990s, however, finally made t

14、he hybrid a reality. Advances in battery performance and, most importantly, computer-guided electric power transfer created a car that could drive like a regular car, but do so on half the tank of gas. As another century dawns, perhaps we are entering into a new automotive age. Based on the tone and

15、 content of the passage, the author of the passage is most likely which of the following?A.An automotive engineer writing to his company managementB.An enthusiast of automotive history writing to the editors of a car magazineC.A college engineering student writing to a car manufacturerD.A history pr

16、ofessor writing to a television producer of historical documentariesE.An environmental activist writing to the editors of a newspaper4、Many United States companies have, unfortunately,made the search for legal protection from importcompetition into a major line of work. Since 1980 theUnited States I

17、nternational Trade Commission (ITC)(5) has received about 280 complaints alleging damagefrom imports that benefit from subsidies by foreigngovernments. Another 340 charge that foreign compa-nies “dumped” their products in the United States at“less than fair value.” Even when no unfair practices(10)

18、are alleged, the simple claim that an industry has beeninjured by imports is sufficient grounds to seek relief.Contrary to the general impression, this quest forimport relief has hurt more companies than it hashelped. As corporations begin to function globally, they(15) develop an intricate web of m

19、arketing, production, andresearch relationships, The complexity of these relation-ships makes it unlikely that a system of import relieflaws will meet the strategic needs of all the units underthe same parent company.(20) Internationalization increases the danger that foreigncompanies will use impor

20、t relief laws against the verycompanies the laws were designed to protect. Suppose aUnited States-owned company establishes an overseasplant to manufacture a product while its competitor(25) makes the same product in the United States. If thecompetitor can prove injury from the importsandthat the Un

21、ited States company received a subsidy froma foreign government to build its plant abroadtheUnited States companys products will be uncompeti-(30) tive in the United States, since they would be subject toduties.Perhaps the most brazen case occurred when the ITCinvestigated allegations that Canadian

22、companies wereinjuring the United States salt industry by dumping(35) rock salt, used to de-ice roads. The bizarre aspect of thecomplaint was that a foreign conglomerate with UnitedStates operations was crying for help against a UnitedStates company with foreign operations. The “UnitedStates” compan

23、y claiming injury was a subsidiary of a(40) Dutch conglomerate, while the “Canadian” companiesincluded a subsidiary of a Chicago firm that was thesecond-largest domestic producer of rock salt. The passage is chiefly concerned with_A.arguing against the increased internationalization of United States

24、 corporationsB.warning that the application of laws affecting trade frequently has unintended consequencesC.demonstrating that foreign-based firms receive more subsidies from their governments than United States firmsD.receive from the United States governmentE.advocating the use of trade restrictio

25、ns for “dumped” products but not for other imports5、 It can be inferred that the author of the passage discusses “unmonitored workers”(line 10) primarily in order to_A.compare the ratings of these workers with the ratings of monitored workersB.provide an example of a case in which monitoring might b

26、e effectiveC.provide evidence of an inappropriate use of CPMCSD.emphasize the effect that CPMCS may have on workers perceptions of their jobsE.illustrate the effect that CPMCS may have on workers ratings6、Which of the following most logically completes the passage? It is generally believed that peop

27、le receiving frequent medical checkups are likely to need hospitalization less frequently than they would otherwise; after all, many things can be done following a checkup to prevent problems that, if ignored, might become acute and then require hospitalization. But for people with chronic illnesses

28、, frequent medical checkups are likely to lead to more frequent hospitalization since _.A.the recommended treatments for complications of many chronic illnesses involve hospitalization even if those complications are detected while barely noticeableB.medical checkups sometimes do not reveal early sy

29、mptoms of those chronic illnesses that are best treated in a hospitalC.the average length of a hospital stay is the same for those who receive frequent checkups as for those who do notD.people with chronic illnesses generally receive medical checkups more frequently than people who are not chronical

30、ly illE.the average length of a hospital stay for people with a chronic illness tends to increase as the illness progresses7、 It can be inferred from the passage that early historians of womens labor in the United States paid little attention to womens employment in the service sector of the economy

31、 because_A.the extreme variety of these occupations made it very difficult to assemble meaningful statistics about themB.fewer women found employment in the service sector than in factory workC.the wages paid to workers in the service sector were much lower than those paid in the industrial sectorD.

32、womens employment in the service sector tended to be much more short-term than in factory workE.employment in the service sector seemed to have much in common with the unpaid work associated with homemaking8、 Which of the following can be inferred about the experiment described in the first paragrap

33、h?A.Researchers had difficulty verifying the existence of electroreceptors in the anteater because electroreceptors respond to such a narrow range of electrical field strengths.B.Researchers found that the level of nervous activity in the anteaters brain increased dramatically as the strength of the

34、 electrical stimulus was increased.C.Researchers found that some areas of the anteaters snout were not sensitive to a weak electrical stimulus.D.Researchers found that the anteaters tactile receptors were more easily excited by a strong electrical stimulus than were the electro receptors.E.Researche

35、rs tested small areas of the anteaters snout in order to ensure that only electroreceptors were responding to the stimulus.9、 Which of the following is cited in the passage as a goal of some professional service firms in offering unconditional guarantees of satisfaction?A.A limit on the firms liabil

36、ityB.Successful competition against other firmsC.Ability to justify fee increasesD.Attainment of an outstanding reputation in a fieldE.Improvement in the quality of the firms service10、 The passage supplies information concerning which of the following matters related to Randolph?A.The steps he took

37、 to initiate the founding of the BrotherhoodB.His motivation for bringing the Brotherhood into the American Federation of LaborC.The influence he had on the passage of legislation overturning race restrictions in 1944D.The influence he had on the passage of legislation to bar companies from financin

38、g their own unionsE.The success he and the Brotherhood had in influencing the policies of the other unions in the American Federation of Labor11、 No giant squid has ever survived in captivity because these giant animals of the deeps require extremely high water pressure for the purpose of maintainin

39、g its internal osmotic balance.A.deeps require extremely high water pressure for the purpose of maintaining itsB.deep requires extremely high water pressure to maintain itsC.deep require extremely high water pressure in order to maintain theirD.deeps requires extremely high water pressure so that it

40、 can maintain itsE.deep require for maintenance extremely high water pressure for their12、 According to the passage, what can we infer to be the central message of Fredric Werthams The Seduction of the Innocent?A.Adults reading violent comic books were as likely to be corrupted by them as young peop

41、le were.B.The horror comic books of the late 1940s were inferior to the superhero comic books that gained popularity during World War .C.Comic books were leading the nations youth into crime, violence, and drug abuse.D.Creating a regulatory board to censor the comic book industry would drive the wor

42、st offenders out of the business.E.Comic books would never be able to convey stories of any serious literary merit.13、 Increasingly over the last few years, corporations involved in patent litigation have opted to settle the lawsuit rather than facing the protracted legal expenses of a court battle.

43、A.have opted to settle the lawsuit rather than facingB.have opted settling the lawsuit instead of facingC.have opted to settle the lawsuit rather than faceD.had opted for settlement of the lawsuit instead of facingE.had opted to settle the lawsuit rather than face14、 According to the passage, which

44、of the following is a supposition rather than a fact concerning the queen in a naked mole rat colony?A.She is the largest member of the colony.B.She exerts chemical control over the colony.C.She mates with more than one male.D.She attains her status through aggression.E.She is the only breeding fema

45、le.15、 The author refers to “filter-feeding animals” (line 20) in order to_A.provide an example of a characteristic sign of reef deteriorationB.explain how reef communities acquire sustenance for survivalC.identify a factor that helps herbivore populations thriveD.indicate a cause of decreasing nutr

46、ient input in waters that reefs inhabitE.identify members of coral reef communities that rely on coral reefs for nutrients16、 The passage most clearly implies which of the following about the professional service firms mentioned in line 22?A.They are unlikely to have offered unconditional guarantees

47、 of satisfaction in the past.B.They are usually profitable enough to be able to compensate clients according to the terms of an unconditional guarantee.C.They usually practice in fields in which the outcomes are predictable.D.Their fees are usually more affordable than those charged by other profess

48、ional service firms.E.Their clients are usually already satisfied with the quality of service that is delivered.17、 The passage does NOT state which of the following about local entrepreneurs?A.They are found nearly everywhere.B.They encourage furhter entrepreneurship.C.They attract out-of-town inve

49、stors.D.They employ local workers.E.They are established in their communities.18、 Which of the following does the author cite to support the conclusion that the results of the SBA program were disappointing?A.The small number of new minority enterprises formed as a result of the programB.The small n

50、umber of minority enterprises that took advantage of the management and technical assistance offiered under the programC.The small percentage of the nations business receipts earned by minority enterprises following the programs, implementation.D.The small percentage of recipient minority enterprise

51、s that were able to repay federally guaranteed loans made under the programE.The small number of minority enterprises that chose to participate in the program19、 In the fourth paragraph, the passage mentions the 400 power plants for what purpose?A.To provide concrete evidence that many power plants

52、have complied with the Clean Air Act provisions without undergoing ruinous financial hardshipB.To demonstrate the size and influence of the energy industry in the United StatesC.To demonstrate that only a fraction of the power plants in the country have complied with the Clean Air Act, while hundred

53、s of others have avoided compliance through tricks and loopholesD.To demonstrate that companies can both comply with the Clean Air Act and achieve reductions in their operating costs by employing new, more efficient technologiesE.To suggest that those companies that have not complied are in the mino

54、rity20、 Last season, oranges from South Florida were as bountiful as, if not more bountiful than, oranges from the normally more bountiful northern region.A.as bountiful as, if not more bountiful than, orangesB.equally bountiful, if not more so, to orangesC.as bountiful, if not bountifuller, than or

55、angesD.so bountiful, and maybe more bountiful, than orangesE.as bountiful, if not more bountiful, as oranges21、 According the passage, one of the ways in which analog recording systems differ from digital recording systems is that analog systems_A.can be used to reduce background noise in old record

56、ingsB.record the original sound as a continuous waveformC.distort the original sound somewhatD.can avoid introducing extraneous and nonmusical soundsE.can reconstruct the original waveform. with little loss inquality22、 James Watson, who later headed the Human Genome Project, along with Englishman F

57、rancis Crick discovered the double helix in 1953, the basic structure of DNA, when the two were young scientists. A.James Watson, who later headed the Human Genome Project, along with Englishman Francis Crick discovered the double helix in 1953, the basic structure of DNA, when the two were young sc

58、ientists.B.The double helix, the basic structure of DNA, was discovered in 1953 by two young scientists, the Englishman Francis Crick and James Watson, who later headed the Human Genome Project.C.The basic structure of DNA, the double helix, was discovered in 1953 by the Englishman Francis Crick and

59、 James Watson, later head of the Human Genome Project, two young scientists.D.The Englishman Francis Crick and James Watson, later heading the Human Genome Project, were the young scientists who discovered the basic structure of DNA in 1953, which was the double helix.E.The basic structure of DNA, t

60、he double helix, was discovered by James Watson, later head of the Human Genome Project, along with another of two young scientists, the Englishman Francis Crick, in 1953.23、Cognitive scientist: Using the pioneering work of comparative psychologist Gordon Gallup as a model, several studies have inve