英语高中教学高考7选5阅读解题技巧2

1、2018届高考英语专题复习之七选五阅读答题指导刘勇题型解读试题模式为：给出一篇缺少5个句子的文章，对应有七个选项，要求同学们根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。“主要察看考生对文章的整体内容和框架结构以及语篇中段际及句际逻辑意义的连结的理解和掌握。”命题依照是英语课程标准提出的“提高学生用英语获守信息、办理信息、解析问题和解决问题的能力”的要求。这种题型以指导性或描述性说明文居多，这两种文体的结构层次都比较清楚完满，逻辑严实，适合察看标题概括、主题句和过渡句等，以达到察看学生综合阅读能力的要求。短文特点（说明文）全文也许各段落，一般为“总-分”也许“总-分-总”结构，有主题段

2、和主题句，交代本文和本段的中心思想，尔后再张开或谈论这个主题。全文井然有序，条理清楚，逻辑严实，在语篇结构上平时使用明显的语言和格式标志，便于理解。指导性说明文中常有ways,methods,skills,techniques,suggestions,tips,steps,how(todosth)等标志性词汇。每个建议或方法一般单独成段，或常有“”等标志。主要考点主旨马虎题：选出段落小标题或主题句。句际关系题：正确选项与上下文之间主要有讲解例证、转折比较、因果、递进、顺承或序次、并列排比、概括概括等逻辑关系。此为察看的重点。设空或选项特点设空处平时是完满的句子，但也有可能是并列分句或从句，甚至

3、是逗号分开的短语（平时是状语）。七个选项都与短文有关，多为完满的句子，句型不一，长短不相同，七个备选项平时由短到长排列。设空的地址可在段首，段中或段尾。正确的选项平时有三种：主旨概括句（察看对文章或段落的概括概括能力),过渡性句子（察看对文章结构的掌握能力），说明性句子（察看对上下文逻辑意义的理解能力）解题技巧一、依照地址线索解题二、依照逻辑线索解题三、依照词汇线索解题解题技巧一：依照地址信息解题问题设在段首（三种可能）：平时是段落主题句。短小干练，多为名词性短语或祈使句。阅读此段节余内容，依照段落一致性原则，查找有关词也许同义词，从而锁定答案。与后文是并列、转折、因果等关系。重视阅读后文一二

4、句，锁定线索信号词，尔后在选项中查找有关特点词。正确选项与后文的句子在意思上是连结的，因此平时这两句话之间会有某种连结手段。段落间的过渡句。此时要瞻前顾后找启示，阅读上一段结尾。平时正确选项可以承上启下，起到两段之间很好的过渡作用。例1:Inordertomakeachange,youneedtodecidewhyitsimportant.Doyouwanttogetupintimetohavebreakfastwithyourfamily,getinsomeexercise,orjustbebetterpreparedforyourday?Onceyouareclearaboutyourre

5、asons,tellyourfamilyorroommatesaboutthechangeyouwanttomake.答案：Findtherightmotivation.（主题句）例2：However,heisnotafish.Becausehemustbreatheair,hecantstayunderthewatersurfaceforanylengthoftime.Toexploredeepwater,manfacesevenmoredangersandproblems.答案：Manwantstoexploredeepintothesea.（与后文转折关系并启示下文内容。）问题设在段中：

6、平时正确选项的句子在语境和逻辑方面和上下文有亲近的关系，平时为过渡句或细节说明句。注意句际表现时间、原因、方式、转折等逻辑关系的关系词以及逻辑性插入语等。例3:Practicesafewearandcareofcontactlenses(隐形眼镜）.ManyAmericansusecontactlensestoimprovetheireyesight.Whilesomefollowthemedicalguidanceforwearingcontactlenses,manyarebreakingtherulesandputtingtheireyesightatrisk.Otherwise,you

7、mayhaveproblemssuchasredeyes,painintheeyes,oramoreseriouscondition.答案：Alwaysfollowthedoctorsadviceforappropriatewear.（注意祈使句与otherwise的搭配逻辑）例4:Unfortunately,weveallbeenvictimsofbetrayal.Whetherwevebeenstolenfrom,liedto,misled,orcheatedon,therearedifferentlevelsoflosingtrust.Sometimespeoplesimplycantt

8、rustanymore.37Itsunderstandable,butifyourewillingtobuildtrustinarelationshipagain,wehavesomestepsyoucantaketogetyouthere.答案：Theyvebeentoobadlyhurtandtheycantbeartoletithappenagain.(前后因果关系，说明无法再相信的原因，并与下文understandable衔接。)问题设在段尾：平时是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信息词，如therefore,asaresult,thus,hence,insh

9、ort,tosumup,toconclude,inaword等词语。与前文之间是转折也许比较关系。与前文之间是并列排比或递进关系。此时，正确选项的作用经常是补全说明本段主题的其他细节。解题时注意查找表示并列或递进关系的关系词或与前文近似的句式结构，或同义词等其他线索。承上启下，引出下一段的内容。此时注意看下一段的开头几句，看选项中是否有与之亲近连结的句子。例5:HowtoreducefoodwasteItwasreportedrecentlythatintheUK,wethrowawayuptoonethirdofthefoodwebuyeachweek.Thisamountsto6.7mil

10、liontonsoffoodeachyear.Asthefoodcrisisincreasesaroundtheworld,itmakessenseforustoreducetheamountoffoodwewaste.36答案Thiswillsaveusmoneytoo-imaginesavingathirdofyourweeklyfoodbill!（补充讲解makessense的原因并概括概括上文）Herearesometipstohelpyoureducefoodwaste.Makeamenuplan.Thinkaboutthemealsthatyourfamilyenjoysmosta

11、ndmakeamenuplanfortheweek.Writedowntheingredientsyouneedforeachmealonalist.Thereisnothingworsethanpushingatrolley(手推车）aroundasupermarketaimlesslywithnoideasaboutyourmealsforthefollowingweek.37.答案：Youoftenendupwithlotsofingredientsthatdontgotogether!（讲解上文语句的结果）例6:Everyonewantstosucceedintheirlife,don

12、tthey?Evenasateenager,youcanachievesuccessinyourlife;itreallyisntthathard.31.Dowellinschool.Nomatterhowboringitisnow,educationwillhelpyoubeaproductivememberinsociety.Tryyourbestforexcellenceinschool;listentotheteachers,doyourhomework,study,andgetgoodgrades.Doingsowillhelpyougetintoabetteruniversity,

13、whichenableyoutohaveabrightfuture.32will答案：31:Herearesomeimportantpointsthatyoumayfindhelpful.(承上启下）32:Schoolsetsyouupontherighttrack!（概括概括）解题技巧二：依照逻辑线索解题语篇是指比单个句子长的语言单位（句群、段落、篇章等）。语篇中的各种逻辑关系平时是经过语篇标志词来表现的。对语篇标志词认识得越多，就可以更好地理解语篇的结构和要表达的内容，为解题供应帮助。七五中常的关系：解例关系：前后的某句是了明另一句而的例子或详尽解明。例的形式拥有多性，思程基本是（从例子到

14、点）和推理（从点到例子）。常的表示例关系的志有：forexample/instance,infact/asamatteroffact,actually,inotherwords/thatis（tosay）thatmeans等。折比关系:主要指英行文中后句前句构成逆关系。表示折关系的志有：but,however,yet,while，though，although,or/otherwise,onthecontrary,instead(of),nevertheless(可是),still,contrast/comparison,ontheotherhand,unfortunately,whereas

15、,unlike,in/byratherthan,itistruethat,evenif/though,despite,inspiteof等。因果关系:主要指前后的句子有着前因结果也许前果后因等关系。表示因果关系的志有：so,therefore,thus，consequently,asaresult(of）,so/suchthat.,sothat，because(of),for,since,as,hence,accordingly,dueto,thanksto,inthat,forthisreason等。关系：前文行加深解。表示关系的志有：whatsmore,whatsworse,tomakem

16、attersworse,inaddition/additionally,besides，further，furthermore,moreover等。承或序关系：上下文依照、空、事理或上的序表达的作或有关情况。志有：afterwards,atfirst,atlast,finally,first,firstly,inthefirstplace,tostart/beginwith，inthemeantime,last,later,next,second,secondly,then,third,thirdly等。6.并列或排比关系：句子共同一个点看法服。志有：and,or,too,also,someo

17、thers,foronething,foranotherthing,neithernor,eitheror,equally,inthesameway,thatistosay,aswellas,thesameas,likewise,similarly,aswell,notbut,notonly.butalso，等。概括关系:下文（段首空）或前文（段中或段尾空）行概括。志有：inshort,inbrief,insummary,generallyspeaking,ingeneral,toconclude,inconclusion,inaword,onthewhole,tosumup等。例7(解例关系

18、)Therearethreemaintypesofcryptography（密）.37,Forexample,thefirstlettersof“Myelephanteatstoomanyeels”spelloutthehiddenmessage“Meetme.”答案：Youcanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspeltout.例8(折比关系)（同参例2、例3）ThiscouldbewatchingTVorlisteningtomusic.Doingsomeexercisesearlierinthedayshouldhelpyoufe

19、elphysicallyaswellasmentallytired._However,coffeeorteashouldbeavoidedastheycontaincaffeineandwillkeepyouawake.A.So,whatsagoodsleep?B.Abedtimedrinkcanalsohelp.C.Havingagoodsleepwillkeepyoulivelythewholeday.答案：B此题还可以依照其他逻辑线索或词汇线索得出答案例9(因果关系)Thereisnodoubtthat,inanincreasinglycompetitiveenvironment,wea

20、rebetterequippedthanevertocompeteandtowinandwefeelincreasinglyoptimistic._.trading答案：Thisisduetoournowhavingaclearstrategywithafocusonthecustomerandproductimprovement.例10(递进关系)Itseemsurgent,thatcommunicationsintransportshouldimproved._Allovercities,itseemsthatpeoplearetootiredandbetoorushedtobepolit

21、e.A.Communicationbetweenhumanbeingsshouldalsobekeptsmoothandpolite.B.Yetthisisalltoooftenseen.C.Thepublicshouldobeytherules.答案：A例11(顺承或序次关系)Takinggoodnotesisatimesavingskillthatwillhelpyoutobecomeabetterstudentinseveralways._Second,yournotesareexcellentmaterialstorefertowhenyouarestudyingforatest.Th

22、ird,note-takingoffersUsewords,notcompletesentences.Youmustwriteyournotesonseparatepaper.First,thesimpleactofwritingsomethingdownmakesiteasierforyoutounderstandandremember.Therearethreepracticalnote-takingmethods.答案：C例12(并列或排比关系)WarmUp.17Youshouldntevenstarthavingsportsuntilyourealittlewarmedup.Sotak

23、ealightjogtogetloosenedupandreadytoplay.Bywarmingup,yougetyourselfreadytoplay.Warmingupyourmusclesandpracticingasporthelpkeepyousafe,too.KnowtheRulesoftheGame.Trafficlightshelptopreventcrashesbetweenthemanycarsandtrucksthatdriveontheroadstogether.Thisworksbecausedriversknowtherulesandfollowthem-atle

24、astmostofthetime.18Whenplayersknowtherulesofthegame,youandtheotherplayersknowwhattoexpectfromeachother.A.Watchoutforothers.B.Itsthesamewaywithsports.Dontplaywhenyouareinjured.Itsnotagoodideatojustruntothefieldandstartplayingdirectly.答案：17D18B例13(概括关系)_Everyday,whenshecomesbackhomefromwork,shesetsabo

25、utdoinghousework,sweepingthelivingroomandbedroomsorcleaningthefurniture,andputtingeverythinginorder.Sheseemstobebusyallthetime.Motherneverbuysexpensivedressesforherself,butsheoftenbuyssomeinexpensivebuthighqualityclothesforus.A.Shenevergoestoexpensiverestaurantstoenjoymeals.B.Mymotherishard-workinga

26、ndneverwastesmoney.C.Asamother,shetakesgoodcareofusandgivesuseverycomfort.答案：B解题技巧三：依照词汇线索解题索主要指利用篇中起接作用的也许上下文以及中重的或构。察并利用种拥有启示性的索，从而能快速准确定正确，也是解答七五型的重要策略之一。详尽而言，索主要包括以下几种：代索;数索;复;同;构复等。代索七五中常的代有：it,one,that,they/them,this/that,these/those,everyone,everybody,each,both,all,many等.英表达中代出的率极高，用于指代前文提及的人

27、、物、事或整句概念。凡在中或空格前后遇到代，就需要考代指代上下文中的什么内容，代入后上下文意可否通并切合。代中需要特注意人称代、指示代以及不定代以及代所指代的名的复数与代的。例14：Thenewdesignwaswellreceivedbythereceptionstaffofthehotelchain._答案：Theyallbelievethatitsintroductionhasledtoamodern,moreprofessionalcorporateimageandgreaterconfidenceamongthem.例15：Itisimportant,therefore,weshou

28、ldknowwhatpeopleusingourstoreswantofus._Duringthepasttwoyears,wehavebeenworkinghardtoimprovethestandardofourproductsinboththeseareas.答案：Theresearchmadebythecompanyshowsthat,aboveallelse,customersexpectfashionandvalue.数索包括详尽数字以及和数字有关的如ratio,rate等等。作者列出数字，除了和其他数字行比和比之外，可以用数据来明一个点。例16AsinChina,theweath

29、erisdifferentfromareatoarea.1Thetemperaturescanfallto60,whichis60belowfreezing.Inthecapital,Ottawa,theaverageofwintertemperatureis-10,andinsummer21.2TheaverageJanuarytemperatureis3,andinJulyitis18.A.Canadaisthesecondlargestcountryintheworld.BThewestcoastofCanadaisthewarmestplaceinwinter.CIntheNorth,

30、thewintersarelongandhardwithsnowforsixmonths.答案：1C2B词汇复现即作者在文章上下文不相同的地址对同一个看法进行重复描述。因此上下文中和正确选项中可能会复现原词、同根词、同义词、近义词、反义词等。例17：Youdontshowyoursecretpersonalitywhenyouareawakebecauseyoucancontrolyourbehavior,butwhenyouareasleep，yoursleepingpositionshowstherealyou答案：Everyonehasgottwopersonalitiestheonet

31、hatisshowntotheworldandtheotherthatissecretandreal例18：_Theimageincludesthewayyoulook,thewayyouact,thewayyoutalkandthewayyouthink.Interestingly,ourself-imagesareoftenquitedifferentfromtheimagesothersholdaboutus.AAlwaysloveyourself.BDontallowdoubtstooccurinit.CSelf-imageisyourownmindspictureofyourself

32、.答案：C词汇同现属于语义上互有关系的词语也许跟此词汇属于同一领域的词汇在上下文中同时出现，达到语义连结的目的。如：school,teacher,student,headmaster,class,test,fail,pass,learn等即可能出现在同一篇和学校有关的文章中。例19：Certainkeyproductshavebeensubjecttoathoroughreview,mostnotablymenswear,wheresignificantadvanceshavebeenmadeinproductdesignandmanufacture._.Allofthesehavereportedanincreaseinmarketshare.答案：Otherareaswhereproductinnovationhasbeenparticularlyeffectiveareinlingerie,（女士内衣）giftsandhomeware.例20Thismaysurpriseyou,butoneofthebesttoolsformakingcookingworthyourtimeisexperimentation.Itgivesyouth