定语从句和名词性从句课件

1、定语从句和名词性从句 定语从句和名词性从句 1(2011年高考新课标全国卷)The prize will go to the writer _story shows the most imagination.AthatBwhichCwhose Dwhat解析：句意：奖品将发给故事最能展示其想象力的作者。whose 引导定语从句，且在从句中作定语，修饰 story；whose story 相当于 the story of whom。答案：C1(2011年高考新课标全国卷)The prize wil2(2011年高考大纲全国卷)Ted came for the weekend wearing on

2、ly some shorts and a Tshirt，_ is a stupid thing to do in such weather.Athis BthatCwhat Dwhich解析：句意：Ted仅穿着短裤和T恤来过周末，在这种天气下这样做真愚蠢。which引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语。this，what不能引导定语从句；that不能引导非限制性定语从句。答案：D2(2011年高考大纲全国卷)Ted came for t3(2011年高考山东卷)Im afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, which is_he never finis

3、hes anything.Athat BwhenCwhere Dwhy解析：句意：我觉得与其说他是个实干家不如说他是个空谈家，这就是为什么他从来不会完成任何事情的原因。分析句子结构可知，which 引导非限制性定语从句，which 指代前面的整个句子hes more of a talker than a doer；在定语从句中，is 后面为表语从句，由句意可知which指代的内容是表语从句内容的原因，故用 why 引导表语从句。答案：D3(2011年高考山东卷)Im afraid hes 4(2011年高考天津卷)Modern science has given clear evidence

4、_smoking can lead to many diseases.Awhat BwhichCthat Dwhere解析：句意：现代科学对于吸烟能导致多种疾病已经给出了明确的证据。这是一个主从复合句，evidence后的从句是 evidence 的同位语，对 evidence 起解释说明的作用，且该从句语意完整，故用 that 引导同位语从句。而 what，which，where 均在从句中充当一定的句子成分。答案：C4(2011年高考天津卷)Modern science h5(2011年高考江西卷)The villagers have already known _ well do is

5、to rebuild the bridge.Athis BthatCwhat Dwhich解析：句意：村民们已经知道我们要做的事是重修这座桥。分析句子结构可知，known后的宾语从句中含有一个主语从句，该从句缺少引导词并且从句中do缺少宾语，故用what，意为“的事情”。this不能引导从句；that在名词性从句中不作句子成分；which强调哪一个，不符合句意。答案：C5(2011年高考江西卷)The villagers ha定语从句一、关系代词用that，which引导的定语从句1通常只用that的情况当先行词为all，few，little，much，anything，nothing，eve

6、rything，none等时；或者当先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级和all，any，few，little，no，the only，the very，the last等词修饰时，定语从句的关系代词要用that；如果定语从句修饰两个先行词，其中一个指人，一个指物，那么定语从句的关系代词也应用that。2通常只用which的情况当引导非限制性定语从句，指物或指代前面整个句子的内容，或放在介词后面指物时，只能用which。定语从句典例1I refuse to accept the blame for something _was someone elses fault.AwhoBthatCas Dwh

7、at解析something作先行词，引导词必须用that，并且此处that在从句中作主语，不能省略。答案B典例2After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling，_turned out to be a wise decision.Athat BwhichCwhen Dwhere解析which代替前面整句话的内容“I took some time off to go travelling”，此处which引导非限制性定语从句。答案B典例1I refuse to accept the b二、who，whom，wh

8、ose引导的定语从句1如果先行词是指人的不定代词，如：anyone，anybody，everyone，everybody，someone，somebody，nobody，one，ones，those，all等，关系代词在定语从句中作主语时用who，作宾语时用whom/who。2在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词指人且作主语时用who，作宾语时用whom/who。3在定语从句中可以作定语的关系代词只有whose，表示物时相当于“the名词ofwhich”或“ofwhichthe名词”；表示人时相当于“the名词ofwhom”或“ofwhomthe名词”。二、who，whom，whose引导的定语从句

9、典例3Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school _I met in the English speech contest last year.Awho BwhereCwhen Dwhich解析_I met in the English speech contest last year是定语从句修饰several of the students，who在定语从句中作宾语。答案A典例3Ive become good friends3where，when，why引导的定语从句where，when，why的意义相

10、当于“介词which”。具体而言，where相当于“in/atwhich”，when相当于“at/in/duringwhich”，why相当于“forwhich”。(1)关系副词where引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作地点状语，定语从句修饰的先行词必须是表示地点的名词。(2)关系副词when引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作时间状语，定语从句修饰的先行词必须是表示时间的名词。(3)关系副词why引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作原因状语，定语从句修饰的先行词必须是表示原因的名词。3where，when，why引导的定语从句典例4The girl arranged to have piano

11、 lessons at the training centre with her sister_she would stay for an hour.Awhere BwhoCwhich Dwhat解析where引导的定语从句修饰限定先行词the training centre。答案A典例5(2011年高考浙江卷)A bank is the place _ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.Awhen BthatCwhere Dthere解析句意：银行是晴天时给

12、你雨伞，下雨时收回雨伞的地方。由于从句结构完整，不缺少句子成分，所以先行词the place 在从句中要充当地点状语，故使用关系副词where 引导定语从句。答案C典例4The girl arranged to hav三、the way后面的定语从句的引导词the way作先行词且其后定语从句的引导词在从句中作状语时引导词用in which，that或者省略。典例6What surprised me was not what he said but _he said it.Athe way Bin the way thatCin the way Dthe way which解析本句中not.b

13、ut连接两个并列成分，即_he said it和what he said作并列表语。the way作先行词，其后定语从句的引导词作状语可用in which，that，或者省略引导词。答案A三、the way后面的定语从句的引导词名词性从句根据在句中的功能名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。因为它是从句，因此具有句子的特点，有主、谓成分，同时又具有名词性特点，这些从句和名词一样，在句中可以充当主语、宾语(包括介词宾语和动词宾语以及某些形容词后的宾语)、表语和同位语。一、主语从句1分清引导主语从句的三类引导词：(1)that不充当句子成分，本身无意义，仅起连接作用，但不能省略

14、，通常用it作形式主语。(2)who，whom，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever本身有意义，在句中作主语或宾语，不能省略。(3)where，when，how，why本身有意义，在句中作状语。名词性从句2注意whoever，whatever，whichever等引导主语从句的含义。3由it作形式主语的句型(1)Itbe形容词(obvious，natural，good，funny，etc.)that从句。(2)Itbe名词性词组(no wonder，an honour，a pity，no surprise，etc.)that从句。(3)Itbe过去分词(s

15、aid，reported，thought，expected，etc.)that从句。(4)Itseem，happen等不及物动词及短语的相应形式that从句。(5)It doesnt matter/makes no difference，etc.连接代词或连接副词引导的主语从句。由what，whatever，whoever等引导的主语从句，必须置于主句的谓语动词之前，不能用it作形式主语。2注意whoever，whatever，whichever典例1_some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.AWhet

16、her BWhatCThat DHow解析该句的主语部分为_some people regard as a drawback；在该主语从句中regard后面缺少宾语，所以要用what，此处what既引导主语从句又在主语从句中充当宾语。that在句词性从句中不充当句子成分，本身无意义，仅起连接作用，故用在此处不正确。答案B典例1_some people rega二、宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中可以作动词的宾语，也可以作介词、某些形容词的宾语。典例2(2011年高考上海卷)The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact

17、opposite of _others actually understand.Awhy BthatCwhich Dwhat解析句意：你想通过话语传达的信息也许正与其他人实际理解的完全相反。介词of后的宾语从句中understand缺少宾语，故用what，D为正确答案。答案D二、宾语从句三、表语从句1that和whether引导的表语从句that引导表语从句时，that本身没有词义，一般不可以省略(但在口语中有时也可以省略)。whether引导表语从句，表示“是否”，不能省略。2if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句：All this was over twenty year

18、s ago，but it was as if it was only yesterday.3主语是reason时，表语从句常用that，不用because，如：The reason why he didnt come was that he was ill.三、表语从句典例3Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel，David Copperfield，was_it was rather closely modeled on his own life.Awhat BthatCwhy Dwhether解析在该句中有一个定语从句Ch

19、arles Dickens loved his own novel，David Copperfield。做题的时候可以把定语从句去掉，句子的主干为：Part of the reason was _it was rather closely modeled on his own life.很显然横线后面的是作was的表语，而该从句不缺成分，故要用that来引导。答案B典例3Part of the reason Charl四、同位语从句同位语从句一般由that(不能用which，且that不能省略)或whether引导，有时也可以用when，where，how，why等引导。同位语从句常放在名词的

20、后面，解释说明该名词的具体内容。同位语从句修饰的名词必须是一个表示事实等的抽象名词。fact，news，idea，truth，hope，information，belief，reply，doubt等。四、同位语从句典例4(2011年高考辽宁卷)When the news came_the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.Asince BwhichCthat Dbecause解析句意：当战争爆发的消息传来时，他决定参军。本题考查同位语从句。“the war broke out”作the news的同位语，该同位语从句不缺任何成分，用that引导，故答案为C项。答案C典例4(20