外研版高中英语选修8Module2课件Module2Grammar课件

1、Module 2Module 2The RenaissanceReview of non-finite verbs（1）Example: Beginning in the 14th Century, the Renaissance had a great impact on European civilization.1. Look at this sentence. Remember that the underlined word is a non- finite verb.1) Painted by Leonardo da Vinci in the years 15031506, the

2、 Mona Lisa is a mysterious masterpiece.2) Architects preferred designing buildings with more light which contrasted with the heaviness of the Gothic cathedrals of the Middle Ages.Now underline the non-finite verbs in these sentences.3) During the Renaissance, philosophers began asking questions like

3、 “What is a person?” or “Why am I here?”4) He produced astonishing drawings of machines which were not to be built until hundreds of years later.Which non-finite verb phrases: (a) contain ing forms? (b) contain ed forms? (c) are used as subjects?2, 3, 41no2. Read the sentences in Activity 1 again an

4、d answer the questions.(d) are used as objects?(d) are used as adjectives?2, 34非谓语动词包括_、_和_。它们的基本用法在前几册已经进行了比较全面的总结。本册主要补充以下几点： 动词的-ing形式非谓语动词Non-finite verbs不定式动词的-ed形式1. 作主语、宾语和表语时，不定式与 动词的-ing形式的区别 作主语、宾语和表语时，不定式与 动词的-ing形式经常可以互换，但 在有些情况中存在如下区别：1) 不定式作主语、宾语和表语时表示具体 的、一次性或将要发生的动作。 e.g. Its not goo

5、d for you to smoke. 抽烟不好。（具体情况）Our task now is to increase food production.我们现在的任务是提高粮食产量。(将要发生的动作)He prefers to stay at home today.今天他宁愿呆在家里。(一次性的动作)2) 动词的-ing形式作主语、宾语和表 语时则表示抽象的、经常性的动作或 一般情况。 e.g. Smoking is prohibited here. 此地禁止吸烟。（一般情况）Their job is building houses.他们的工作是盖房子。（经常性的动作）They prefer w

6、alking to cycling.他们宁愿走路，不愿骑车。（一般倾向）2. 不定式作定语1) 作定语的不定式与它所修饰的名词或代词在逻辑上可能是主谓关系，也可能是动宾关系。 e.g. The next train to arrive was from New York. It was a game to remember.2) 名词前有only, last, next, 序数词或形容词最高级时, 其后常用不定式作定语。 e.g. Rita was the only person to complain. He was the first man to fly across the Atlan

7、tic.3) 有些名词的同根动词后常跟不定式，因而它也常跟不定式作定语。 e.g. Their offer to assist in the work was not taken seriously. (比较：They offered to assist in the work.) 3. 动词-ing形式作定语可表示正在进行的动 作，也可表示经常发生的或短暂的动作以及经常存在的状态。 e.g. The woman sending her children to school is my history teacher. A little child learning to walk often

8、 falls. He mistook me for a friend, causing me some embarrassment.4. 过去分词作定语常表示被动或已经发生的动作。 e.g. Weve met the doctors sent to work here by the city hospital.5. 不定式作状语, 常表示目的、结果等。作结果状语时, 常用“only +不定式”结构, 表示未曾预料到的或令人不快的结果。 e.g. Alan lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.6. 动词-ing形式或过去分词作状语时，可以表

9、示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随情况等。其前可用连词while, when, once, if, unless等。 e.g. Being a student, he was naturally interested in museums. Seen through the eyes of a young friend, Einstein was a simple, modest and ordinary man. She got to know them while attending a conference in Beijing. These sentences, if anal

10、ysed differently, will make no sense.7. 动词-ing形式表示正在进行的活动或反复的动作，而不定式则表示整个活动或事件的全过程。 e.g. I heard him talking to his mother when I passed. I saw him go out and disappear into the rain.8. 感官动词和使役动词后要接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语，但用于被动语态时，需把to补出来。 e.g. Someone saw Mary enter the building about the time the crime was

11、 committed. Mary was seen to enter the building about the time the crime was committed.9. 非谓语动词独立结构 非谓语动词可有其独立的逻辑主语，这种逻辑主语常常是名词或代词，置于非谓语动词之前，二者构成非谓语动词独立结构。这种独立结构常用作状语。 e.g. With so many children to look after, the mother has to quit her job. The guide leading the way, we had no trouble getting out o

12、f the forest. When in trouble, Sadie would sit alone, head bent.Leonardo was born in a small town in Tuscany, in the center of Italy. At school his teachers were astonished / astonishing by his talent. But Leonardo thought his progress was disappointed / disappointing because he hadnt learnt enough.

13、 Activity 3 on P18Underline the correct form of the verb.So instead of relaxing / relaxed evenings spent with friends, Leonardo preferred studied / studying Latin by himself. He was good at everything: he was a strong athlete and he had a fine sung / singing voice. But he was especially interested /

14、 interesting in painting. When he was 14 he went to work for the well-known artist Verrocchio and soon became a greater artist than his master. His first known drawing, showing / showed a valley in Tuscany, is astonished / astonishing. It shows a completely new approach to perspective. The scene loo

15、ks real.Activity 4 on P19Complete the passage with the correct phrase from the box and compare your answers with your partners.a stolen page delighted Finding the October page illustrated with a hunting sceneMeasuring just 130mm 95mmshowing religious days 10mThe beautifully illustrated Sforza HoursT

16、he lost pagesLost Page Found After 500 YearsA 15th century Italian Renaissance book costing (1) _ has finally been completed after (2) _ was returned to the rest of the book.10ma stolen page(3) _was started around 1490 but at least three pages were stolen from the artist before it was finished. (4)

17、_ were discovered 65 years ago and until this year one stayed in a private collection. The British Library paid 191,000 to a private US dealer for the final page.The beautifully illustrated Sforza HoursThe lost pages(5) _, the book is thought to be one of the librarys greatest treasures. It contains

18、 a calendar (6) _ alongside pictures for each month. The final page October is (7) _, a typical activity for the time of year.Measuring just 130mm 95mmshowing religious daysillustrated with a hunting scene“The Sforza Hours is one of the greatest Renaissance books,” said Scot McKendrick of the Britis

19、h Library. “(8) _ ends a 500- year search and we are (9) _ that all parts of the Hours have now been returned to the British Library.”Finding the October pagedelightedReview of non-finite verbs（2）1) To find out why Mona Lisa is smiling is a puzzle to a lot of art lovers.2) What Renaissance artists w

20、ere interested in was to get new ideas.1. Look at the sentences and answer the questions.3) The word Renaissance was used to describe a period in European history.4) The King of France asked Leonardo to do scientific research.(a) What form of non-finite verbs are used in all the underlined phrases?T

21、he infinitive.Yes.(b) Can this form of non-finite verbs be used to express purpose?(c) Can this form of non-finite verbs be used after certain passive verbs?Yes.Sentence 1.(d) In which sentence is the underlined phrase the subject of the sentence?1) Leonardo decided _ (become) an artist when he was

22、a boy.2) He used _ (draw) everything he saw around him.to becometo draw2. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. More than one form may be possible.3) He went to France _ (work) for the King.4) When he got there, he gave up _ (paint).5) The Renaissance artists taught

23、us _ (see) nature in a new way.6) They stopped _ (follow) the old rules about color and perspective.to seefollowingpaintingto work7) They began _ _(experiment) with light and shade.8) The increase in international trade helped Renaissance ideas _ _(spread) quickly.9) Many artists agreed _ (work) for

24、 wealthy patrons. spread /to spreadto work to experiment /experimenting10) Today lots of people enjoy _ (go) to art galleries.11) You promised _ (take) me to the Louvre!12) I suggest _ (read) about the Renaissance before we go.to take readinggoing3. Read the sentences in Activity 2 again and answer

25、the questions.decided, used, went, taught, began, helped, agreed, promised1) Which verbs are followed by the infinitive?2) Which verbs are followed by the ing form?gave up, stopped, began, enjoy, suggestbegan3) Which verbs are followed by either the infinitive or the ing form?4. Complete the passage

26、 with the correct form of the verbs.Vesalius Vesalius was born in Brussels and went to Paris (1) _ (complete) his medical training. He became Professor at Padua University in Italy, an important centre for (2) _ (train) doctors during the Renaissance. to completetrainingVesalius had met artists who

27、were studying the bones of the human body and (3) _ (cut up) bodies to make their paintings more lifelike. He said it was important for doctors (4) _ (examine) human bodies (5) _ (find out) how they work.cutting up to examine to find outAs the Catholic Church did not allow this, Vesalius had to remo

28、ve dead bodies that were (6) _ (bury). He even stole a body from a prison (7) _ (study). Vesalius wrote a great book called “ The Fabric of the Human Body”, (8) _ (describe) how parts of the body work. buried to studydescribingThe famous artist Titian produced over 200 drawings, (9) _ (show) the human body in greater detail than ever before. (10) _ (print) in 1543, the book was soon available in every medical school in Europe. showingPrintedHis work encouraged other scientists to become