人教版高中英语必修四Unit4grammar课件

1、高中英语课件（madeofdingshangtuwen）The Infinitive动词分： 谓语动词 非谓语动词：to do sth.V-ingp.p.不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/never to do”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格”构成。不定式动词不定式的时态和语态形 式主 动被 动一般式进行式完成式完成进行式to doto have doneto be doingto have been doingto

2、be doneto have beendone不定式的时态 1.不定式的一般式 to doI am glad to see you. He has decided to give her some money.表示的动作通常与谓语所表示的动作 或状态同时或者几乎同时发生，或是 在它之后发生。2. 不定式的进行式to be doingI happened to be cooking when the telephone rang.当电话铃响时，我恰巧在烧饭。The boy pretended to be sleeping when his mother came in.当他母亲进来时，那孩子假装

3、在睡觉。表示的动作通常与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。3. 不定式的完成式 to have doneIm sorry to have given you so much trouble. He seems to have caught a cold. 不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动作或状态之前。不定式的语态主动语态 to do被动语态 to be doneMany graduates want to be sent to Tibet.许多大学毕业生想被分到西藏去。几对易混淆的词组：stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事doing sth. 停止做某事forget to do sth. 忘

4、记去做某事doing sth. 忘记已做了某事remember to do sth. 记得去做某事doing sth. 记得曾经做某事Tell the function of “to fly” in the following sentences.To fly was my dream. I want to fly in the sky. My plan is to fly across the Atlantic Ocean. I wear wings to fly like a bird. We have a lot of food and medicine to fly to the ar

5、ea.subjectobjectpredicativeadverbialattributive动词不定式的作用Functions of Infinitive 1 主语 (subject) 2 表语 (predicative) 3 宾语 (object) 4 宾补 (object complement) 5 定语 (attribute) 6 状语 (adverbial) 7 独立结构 (absolute construction)1 不定式作主语 (subject)To get there by bike will take us half an hour.Its stupid of you t

6、o write down everything the teacher says.主语 to do sth. + V单 + 宾语 It is + 表语 + （for/of sb.）to do sth.(of说明人的本质属性；for说明事物的本质属性)e.g To have a walk is a pleasure. It is a pleasure for me to have a walk. It is very kind of you to say so.My work is to clean the room every day.His dream is to be a doctor.2

7、 不定式作表语 (predicative) 2. 表语主语+系动词+to do sth.e.g His job is to help me deal with the letters. She seemed to be tired. You are to clean up the office. 当主语有do时，表语的不定式符号to 可以省略。e.g The first thing she did was go to her teacher and say “ thanks”.All you have to do is (to) finish the job quickly.Seeing is

8、 to believe. To see is believing. Seeing is believing. To see is to believe.不定式常用在系动词 be, seem, appear, get, remain等后作表语。Thedriverfailedtoseetheothercarintime.司机没能及时看见另一辆车。Ihappentoknowtheanswertoyourquestion.我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。 3 不定式作宾语 (object)句型：think/ consider/ find it + adj.+ to do 常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：ag

9、ree, afford, appear, ask, attempt,care, choose, claim, dare, decide, demand, deserve, determine, expect, fail, get, hate, hesitate, hope, hurry, intend, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, tend, threaten,want, wish。 主语+谓语+wh- + to do sth e.g I dont know what to do. I

10、 dont know how to do it. 主语+谓语+it + 宾补（adj./n.）to do sth当不定式作宾语，句子有宾补时，需用it 作形式宾语，把不定式放在宾补之后。e.g I think it wise to ask him for help.类似动词有：think, believe, imagine, suppose, make, guess, consider, find, feel等。4 不定式作宾补 (object complement)My boss told me to type out two letters.The teacher told me to c

11、lean the blackboard.I expect you to give me some help.引导不定式作宾补的动词：warn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等+sb to do sth listen to hearwatch 五看 seelook at observenotice三使letmakehave二听一感觉: feel+ sb do sth（不带to）1. They saw the boy fall suddenly from the tree. The boy was seen to fall suddenly from the tree

12、.但当以上的动词用于被动式，to要还原： Mother made John wash the car for a week. John was made to wash the car for a week.不定式做宾补时不带to的情况1不定式在感官动词(feel, hear, listen to, watch, look at, notice, observe)后；2使役动词( let, have, make)后边作宾补时, 省去to, 但是在被动语态中要还原to；3 不定式用在介词but, except, besides后时, 如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式, 那么介词后的不定式不

13、带to,相反则带to。1. She could do nothing but cry.2. I have no choice but to go.3. What do you like to dobesides sleep.5 不定式作定语 (attribute)In my family my mother is the first one to get up.Please give me some paper to write on.1. 不定式做定语时常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后, 即名词/代词 + to do sth. (他们之间构成了主谓/动宾/同位等关系) (a) Theres no

14、 one to take care of her.(b)We need someone to go and get a doctor.不定式作定语 1) 当不定式与所修饰的词构成了动宾关系时，不定式要用及物动词,否则，要加上相应的介词。e.g There is nothing to worry about. I have found a house to live in. 2) the first, the second, the next, the last, the only及adj. 最高级常用不定式作定语e.g He is always the first to come and th

15、e last to leave. 3) 有些动词如：have, give, get, find need, want等后的名词可用不定式作定语。e.g He gave me a letter to type. I have a lot of work to do.2. something, anything, nothing, everything 等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。注意比较：1) Have you had anything to send?你有什么东西要寄吗？2) Have you had anything to be sent? 你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？（不定式

16、to send的动作执行者是you）（不定式to be sent的动作执行者是已被省略的me 或someone else）eg: He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.I come here only to say good-bye to you.1.表示目的: to in order to so as to不定式作状语 3. 结果(意想不到的结果)e.g To catch up with others, I work harder. In order to catch up with others, I work harder. I work ha

17、rder to catch up with others. I work harder in order to/so as to catch up with others.2. 结果(意想不到的结果)e.g I went to see him only to find him out. I hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.Yesterday a street-beggar bought a lottery ticket, to make him a millionaire overnight . 对比：现在分词作结

18、果状语，表自然而然的，意料之中的结果。Her husband died ten years ago, leaving her with three children to look after.3.表示原因:不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语, sorry, surprised, happy, glad, eager, angry, foolish, right, wrong, slow, quick, rude, cruel, disappointed 等。eg: Im so sorry to hear about your failure on business.I am pretty

19、pleased to hear the news that you are elected as the president of the club. To tell the truth, I am not happy at the moment.to be frank to be honestto tell the truth7独立结构 (absolute construction)1. The last one _ pays the meal. Agreed! (2007辽宁) A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving Multiple

20、choice 实战高考2. - Can I smoke here?- Sorry. We dont allow _ here. (2007江苏) A. people smokingB. people smoke C. to smoke D. smoking 3. - Robert is indeed a wise man. - Oh, yes. How often I have regretted _ his advice! (2007安徽) A. to take B. taking C. not to take D. not taking 4. It remains _ whether Ji

21、m will be fit enough to play in the finals. (2006浙江)A. seen B. to be seen C. seeing D. to see5. Is it time you got down to _ the papers? (2006重庆）A. mark B. be markedC. being marked D. marking6. The director had her assistant _ some hot dogs for the meeting. (2008全国II) A. picked up B. picks up C. pic

22、k up D. picking up7. - Did the book give the information you needed? - Yes. But _ it, I had to read the entire book. (2008北京) A. to find B. find C. to finding D. finding 8. I feel greatly honored _ into their society. (2008北京) A. to welcome B. welcoming C. to be welcomed D. welcomed 9. Due to the he

23、avy rain and flooding, ten million people have been forced _ their homes. (2008上海春) A. leaving B. to leave C. to be left D. being left 10. If theres a lot of work _, I am happy to just keep on until it is finished. (2008上海) A. to do B. to be doing C. done D. doing 11. My English teachers humor was_

24、make every student burst intolaughter. (2008江西) A. so as to B. such as to C. such that D. so that12. _ the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day. (2008湖南) A. Completing B. Complete C. Completed D. To complete 13. The message is very important, so it is supposed _ as soon as poss

25、ible. (2008陕西) A. to be sent B. to send C. being sent D. sending 14. Leonardo da Vinci (1452 - 1519) _ birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free. (2007 重庆卷) A. is said to be buying B. is said to have bought C. had said to buy D. has said to have bought15. I like getting

26、up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _. (2008 全国卷) A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathed16. I have a lot of readings _ before the end of this term. (2010 山东卷) A. completing B. to complete C. completed D. being completed17. In many peoples opinion, that company

27、, though relatively small, is pleasant _. (2010 四川卷) A. to deal with B. dealing with C. to be dealt with D. dealt with 18. More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced _ peoples concern over food safety. (2011重庆)to raise B. raisingC. to have raised D. having raised不定式做宾补时不带t

28、o的情况1不定式在感官动词(feel, hear, listen to, watch, look at, notice, observe)后；2使役动词( let, have, make)后边作宾补时, 省去to, 但是在被动语态中要还原to；Review3 不定式用在介词but, except, besides后时, 如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式, 那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to。1. He told us whether _ a picnic was still under discussion. (2009四川)A. to have B. having C. have

29、 D. had2. The play _ next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture. (2009安徽)A. produced B. being produced C. to be produced D. having been produced实战高考3. Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it _. (2009湖南)A. reusing B. reused C. reuses D. to be reused4. Schools

30、across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, _ reduce unemployment pressures. (2009江苏)A. help B. to have helped C. to help D. having helped 5. _, you need to give all you have and try your best. (2009辽宁)A.

31、 Being a winner B. To be a winner C. Be a winner D. Having been a winner6. The children all turned _ the famous actress as she entered the classroom. (2009全国I)A. looked at B. to look at C. to looking at D. look at7. We are invited to a party _ in our club next Friday. (2009山东)A. to be held B. held C

32、. being held D. holding8. David threatened _ his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid. (2009上海)A. to be reported B. reporting C. to report D. having reported9. _ the project in time, the staff were working at weekends. (2009天津)A. Competing B. Having completed C. To have completed D. T

33、o complete10. All of them try to use the power of the workstation _ information in a more effective way. (2009北京)A. presenting B. presentedC. being presented D. to present11. With Fathers Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank _ presents for my dad. (2010全国I) A. buy B. to buy

34、 C. buying D. to have bought12. There were many talented actors out there just waiting _. (2010江西) A. to discover B. to be discovered C. discovered D .being discovered 13. We were astonished _ the temple still in its original condition. (2010辽宁) A. finding B. to find C. find D. to be found14. I have a lot of readings _ before the end of this term. (2010山东) A. completing B. to complete C. completed D. being completed15. His first book _ next month is based on a true story. (2010陕西) A. publishe