Unit 4 Friends Forever 语法定语从句（1）关系代词的用法讲义-2022-2023学年高中英语外研版（2019）必修第一册

1、定语从句（1）-关系代词的用法（-）定语从句概述（1）定义：在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。它所修饰的名词或代词叫 先行词。（2）构成：先行词+关系词+定语从句（3）分类：限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句。（4）关系词关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as关系副词:when, where, why关系代词的具体用法见下表分类关系词所指代的先行词在从句中的成分关系代词who人主语、宾语（可省略）whom人宾语（可省略）which物主语、宾语（可省略）that人或物主语、宾语（可省略）Whose （谁的二adj）whose后必须是名词人或物定语关

2、系副词when状语从句不缺成分时间状语where状语从句不缺成分地点状语why状语从句不缺成分原因状语（二）关系代词的用法that既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。The number of people （hat come to visil this city each year reaches one million.每年来游览这座城市的人的数量到达了 100万。（指人，作主语）-This is the suitcase（ that） she is looking for.这就是她在找的那个手提箱。（指物，作宾语）which指物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语

3、，作宾语时可省略。They left the details out which might account for the accident.他们把那些或许可以解释事故原因的细节漏掉了。（作主语）who指人，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。We are concerned about people who have suffered a lot in the earthquake.我们为在地震中遭受重创的人们担忧。（作主语）Danny was the man（ who） we rescued from the ruins.丹尼正是我们从废墟中救出来的那个人。（作宾语）whom指人

4、，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。Rose is the person（ who/whom） you should care about.罗丝是你应该关心的人。（作宾语）whose既可指人也可指物，表“所属”关系，在定语从句中作定语。I know the person whose house was totally destroyed in （he earthquake.我认识那个人，他的房子 在地震中被彻底摧毁了。（作定语）【误区警示】关系代词指代先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语，因此定语从句中不能再 出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。昨天晚上我们看的那部电影非常吓人

5、。The film(that/which)we saw it last night was very frightening.(x)The film(that/which) we saw last night was very frightening.(V)关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。Is that the girl(whom/who/(hat)you spoke of the ocher day?那就是你前几天所提到的女孩吗？(三)宜用that不宜用which引导定语从句的情况(1)领先行词指物且被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。The first thing that

6、you should do is call the police right away.你应该做的第一件事就是马上报警。This is the most delicious food that I have ever had.这是我吃过的最美味的食物。(2)领先行词是 all, any, little, few, much, everything, anything, nothing,none 等 不定代词时。All that can be done has been done.一切能做的都已经做了。Tell me everything that you know.把你知道的一切都告诉我吧。(

7、3)领先行词指物且被the only, the very, the last, ihe same等修饰时。The only thing that she could do was go to the police for help.她唯一能做的事就是去求助警察。This is the very book that I want to buy.这就是我想买的那本书。【学法点拨】以上三种情况有个共同特点，就是先行词或先行词之前的修饰语往往带有“唯”或者“全 部”的概念，以致无法作出选择。因为关系代词which也是疑问代词，表示“哪一个”，含有 选择意味，所以，用that引导万无一失。(4)领先行词

8、既包括人又包括物时。Sometimes we should ignore the persons and things that upset us.有时，我们应该不理会让我们 不快的人和事。(5)当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句，为防止与who, which重复时。Which of the books that you bought is the most useful for my writing?你买的书中哪本对我 的写作最有用？(四)宜用which不宜用ihal引导定语从句的情况(1)引导非限制性定语从句时。Football, which is an interesting

9、game, is very popular all over the world.足球是一项有趣的运 动，在全世界都非常受欢迎。(2)当关系代词前有介词时。This is Ihe house in which Mo Yan once lived.这就是莫言曾经住过的房子。(3)领先行词本身就是【hai时。 That which you told him is what we want to know.你告诉他的事情就是我们想知道的。（4）在限制性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，其中一个从句的关系词是that,那么另 一从句的关系词宜用whichoLet me show you the nove

10、l that I borrowed from the library which was newly open.让我给你看 看我从新开的图书馆借来的小说。（五）：宜用who不宜用that引导定语从句的情况（1）领先行词是指人的不定代词时,如one, ones, anyone, no one, nobody, anybody, none, all 等。Is there anyone in your class who is good at singing?你们班有人擅长唱歌吗？（2）在therebe结构中,先行词指人时。There is a young lady who is in a stat

11、e of shock.有位年轻女士休克了。（3）领先行词是ihose且指人时。The students you should learn from are those who graduated from famous universities.你应该I句 那些从著名大学毕业的学生学习。（4） 一个句子中带有两个定语从句且先行词都为人时，假设其中一个定语从句的关系代词是 that,那么另一个定语从句的关系词宜用whoThe boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.昨晚你遇到的那个男 孩就是那个学

12、习非常努力的组长。（六）：定语从句中的主谓一致（1）关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句谓语动词的单复数形式根据先行词的形式确定。The old town has narrow streets and small houses that are built close to each other.旧城区的街 道狭窄，房子小，彼此建得很近。Im fond of the piece of music which is popular with the teenagers.我喜欢在青少年中流行的那 支曲子。（2） oneof+复数名词+定语从句（复数谓语）ihe only one of+复数名词+定语

13、从句（单数谓 语）He is one of the students who have a good command of French.他是精通法语的学生之一。（the students为先行词）He is the only one of the students who has a good command of French.他是学生中唯一精通法 语的。（the only one为先行词）（七）：关系代词as引导的定语从句（Das既可指人也可指物。在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。它常用在the same. as., such.as等结构中，as不能省略。 Ill buy the sam

14、e dictionary as you have.我要买和你的一样的词典。Such reasons as we give can persuade him to give up his foolish plan.我们给出的这些理由可以 说服他放弃他的愚蠢计划。【误区警示】领先行词被the same修饰时，也可用that引导定语从句，但指同一物，而不是同一类。 This is the same bike that I lost two months ago.这就是两个月前我丧失的那辆自行车。（同一辆自行车）This is the same bike as I lost two months ag

15、o.这辆自行车跟两个月前我丧失的那辆一样。(同类的自行车，但不是同一辆)(2) as引导非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句的内容。从句可放在主句前、主句后或主句 中间。As you know, she is a stubborn girl, and I cant persuade her to change her mind.你知道, 她是一 个倔强的女孩，我不能说服她改变主意。My grandfather is fond of talking about the good old days, as is often the case with old people.我 爷爷喜欢谈论过去的美好时光

16、，这种情况在老年人中很常见。【归纳梳理】as引导非限制性定语从句时常用的固定表达：as we all know众所周知as is well known 众所周知as you see如你所见as we expect正如我们预料的那样as often happens正如经常发生的那样asl can remember正如我所记得的那样as has been said before 如前所述as is/ was expected正如预料的那样as can be seen正如所见的那样as is often the case情况常常是这样课堂专项练习I. Finally, the thief hande

17、d everything he had stolen to the police.A. afterB. whatC. whateverD. that2. His parents wouldnt let him marry anyonefamily was poor.A. of whomB. whomC. of whoseD. whose3. AHis needed isa supply of oil.A. the thingB. thatC. whatD. which4. She heard a terrible noise.brought her heart into her mouth.A

18、. itB. whichC. thisD. that5. In the dark street, there wasnt a single personshe could turn for help.A. thatB. whoC. from whomD. to whom6. Who is the manis standing over there?A. whomB. whichC. (hatD. he7. Who is the man_you just talked to?A. XB. whichC. whoeverD. whose8. Wang Hai is the studenthome

19、caught fire last night.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. whose9. Is this the penyou were writing?A. with thatB. with whichC. to thatD. to whichiO. Her bag,she pul all her books, has not been found.A. whereB. in whichC. whichD. that11. The solider ran to the building,flew a flag.A. on the top of whichB. on the top of thatC. on the top of itD. which答案：1 10. DDBBD CADBB 1120. ADDCB BDBBB12.I still remember the daywe got married.A. thatB. whichC. in whichD. when13.The factoryhis mother works is in the east of (he city.A. (hatB. whichC. on whichD. where14.The housewindows open to th