高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题策略技巧点拨

1、(圆满版)高考英语阅读理解之要旨粗心题解题策略及技巧点拨(圆满版)高考英语阅读理解之要旨粗心题解题策略及技巧点拨14/14(圆满版)高考英语阅读理解之要旨粗心题解题策略及技巧点拨高考英语阅读理解之要旨粗心题解题策略及技巧点拨一、考题研究斩钉截铁，提出主题,随之用细节来解说,支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想，即最常有的演绎法写作方式。Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illn

2、ess),cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smokerscough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?Todaytheproblemofenvironmenthasbecomemoreandmoreseriou

3、s.Theworldpopulationisrising,soquicklythattheworldhasbecometoocrowded.Weareusingupournaturalresourcestooquicklyandatthesametimewearepollutingourenvironmentwithdangerouschemicals.Ifwecontinuetodothis,humanlifeonearthwillnotsurvive.分清mainidea和supportingsentences首尾响应为突出主题,作者先提出主题,结尾时再次点出主题,这类首尾响应的写作方式较

4、为常有。但前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复,后边的表述常常有进一步的引申或发展的意味。(首段)ShuPulonghashelpedatleast1000peoplebittenbysnakes,“Itwasseeingpeoplewithsnakesbitesthatledmetothecareer.“shesaid(尾段)“ThesadstorytouchedmesomuchthatIdecidedtodevotemyselftohelpingpeoplebittenbysnakes.Shusaid.先表述细节,后归纳重点,印象,结论，建议或结果,以归纳主题。这是英语中常有的归纳法写作方式1

5、)Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent.otherhand,nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessionalOnthecriminal.Andthemanwhoknows“everything”mayreallybetryingtohidehisownweakness.So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance.onlyAhumanbodyappearstoberathersoftanddelicate,comparedwiththatofawildan

6、imal,butitisactuallysurprisinglystrong.Indeed,itsverysoftnessandloosenessisanadvantage;itmakesmangoodatmovingaboutmovementofalllivingthingsofhisownsize,becausehecandosomanydifferentthingswithhislimbs.Mansgamesshowhowhecancontrolhisownbody.Nootherlandcreaturecanswimasskillfullyasman;morehassuchvaried

7、grace;veryfewlivesaslongashe;noneissostronginitsnaturalresistancetodisease.Thereforemanhasagreatadvantageinhisbattleagainsttherisksofdamageanddeaththatthreatenhim.无主题句即主题句隐含在全文中,没有明确的主题句.必然依据文篇中所供给的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，此后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般看法。必然注意的是，既不可以以偏概全，也不可以在归纳时过于广泛，要恰到好处。Schooland,later,BostonCollegepro

8、videdhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?_A.HowJoshuaBinghambecamealawyer.B.Binghamisadiligentstudent.C.JoshuaBinghamreceivedanexcellenteducation.D.Agoodlawyerneedsgoodeducation.【分析】此文没有主题句。全篇共四句，只陈说了四个细节(detail)性的事实。所以就答案自己看

9、，个个都对。读者只好将全部的details综合起来，进行逻辑推理，才能组成一个没有言明的主题思想(unstatedmainidea)。因为文中主要波及了JoshuaBingham接受教育的状况，即作者想告诉我们的是：JoshuaBingham接受过优秀的教育，所以答案是CIfyouwereplanningtobuyatelevisionset,thefollowingadvertisementwouldcertainlydrawyourattention:“ColorTV.Only$79.Twodayssale.Hurry.”hasanothermodel.Amuchbettersetwhic

10、his“justrightforyou”Itcosts$395.Thissalestrickiscalled“baitandswitch”.Buyersarebaitedwithasalesadvertisement,andthentheyareswitchedtoanothermoreexpensiveone.Buyingthingsonsaleneedscarefulconsiderationofthegoodsandthereasonforthesale.Theparagraphcouldbeentitled_.A.BuyerBewareB.Closeout(出清存货)SaleC.Cri

11、mePaysD.BuyingaTVSet【分析】本段文字先从buyatelevisionset这一详细案例入手，表述细节，详说过程，得出“baitandswitch”这一结论。经过解说结论，辨明内在逻辑，最后提示人们要有carefulconsideration，也就是选项A。文章但是揭露销售中的一个手段其实不是出清存活，所以不选B和C;而D但是用于阐释结论的详细案例。3)Readingtodogsisanunusualwaytohelpchildrenimprovetheirliteracyskills(读写能力).Withtheirshiningbrowneyes,waggingtails,

12、andunconditionallove,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence(自信心),accordingtoIntermountainTherapyAnimals(ITA)inSaltLakeCity.Thegroupsaysitisthefirstprograminthecountrytousedogstohelpdevelopliteracyinchildren,withtheintroductionofReadingEducationAssistanceDogs

13、(READ).TheSaltLakeCityPublicLibraryissoldontheidea.“Literacyspecialistsadmitthatchildrenwhoreadbelowtheleveloftheirfellowpupilsareoftenafraidofreadingaloudinagroup,oftenhavelowerselfrespect,andregardreadingasaheadache,”saidLisaMyron,managerofthechildrensdepartment.LastNovemberthetwogroupsstarted“Dog

14、DayAfternoon”inthechildrensdepartmentofthemainlibrary.About25childrenattendedeachofthefourSaturdayafternoonclasses,readingforhalfanhour.Thosewhoattendedthreeofthefourclassesreceiveda“pawgraphed”bookatthelastclass.TheprogramwassosuccessfulthatthelibraryplanstorepeatitinApril,accordingtoDanaThumpowsky

15、,publicrelationsmanager.Whatismainlydiscussedinthetext?A.ChildrensreadingdifficultiesB.Advantagesofraisingdogs.C.Serviceinapubliclibrary.D.Aspecialreadingprogram.【分析】文章开篇说明用狗帮助孩子improvetheirliteracyskills，提出itisthefirstprogram。在第二段借助专家见解说明阅读能力迟后对孩子造成的影响，进而说明提升阅读能力的必需性，但是没有表示阅读的困难所在，所以A项不适合。文章在第三段以“D

16、ogDayAfternoon”实例说明Theprogramwassosuccessful，进而突出答案D。B和C都过于广泛，片面。二、实例操练(A)PITTSBURGHFormostpeople,snakesseemunpleasantoreventhreatening.ButHowieChosetseesintheirdelicatemovementsawaytosavelives.The37yearoldCarnegieMellonUniversityprofessorhasspentyearsdevelopingsnakelikerobots，hehopeswilleventuallys

17、lidethroughfallenbuildingsinsearchofvictimstrappedafternaturaldisastersorotheremergencies.DanKaraispresidentofRoboticsTrends,aNorthboro,Mass.basedcompanythatpublishesanonlineindustrymagazineandrunsroboticstradeshows.Hesaidthereareothersnakelikerobotsbeingdeveloped,mainlyatuniversities,butdidntknowof

18、onethatcouldclimbpipes.TheCarnegieMellonmachinesaredesignedtocarrycamerasandelectronicsensorsandcanbecontrolledwithajoystick(控制杆).Theymovesmoothlywiththehelpofsmallelectricmotors,orservos,commonlyusedbyhobbyistsinmodelairplanes.Builtfromlightweightmaterials,therobotsareaboutthesizeofahumanarmorsmall

19、er.Theycansensewhichwayisup,butareonlyasgoodastheirhumanoperators,Chosetadded.SamStover,asearchtermmanagerwiththeFederalEmergencyManagementAgencybasedinIndiana,saidsnaketyperobotswouldoffergreatermobilitythanequipmentcurrentlyavailable,suchascamerasattachedtoextendableroles.“Itjustallowsustodosometh

20、ingwevenotbeenabletodobefore,”Stoversaid,“Weneededthemyesterday.”Hesaidsnifferdogsarestillthebestsearchtoolforrescueworkers,butthattheycanonlybeusedeffectivelywhenworkershaveaccesstodamagedbuilding.Stover,amongtherescueworkerswhohandledtheaftermath(结果)ofHurricaneKatrina,saidsnakerobotswouldhavehelpe

21、drescuerssearchfloodedhousesinthatdisaster.Chosetsaidtherobotsmaynotbereadyforuseforanotherfivetotenyears,dependingonfunding.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Snakelikerobotsusedinindustries.B.Snakelikerobotsmadetoaidinrescues.C.Thedevelopmentofsnakelikerobots.D.Theworkingprinciplesofsnakelikerobots.【分析】答案

22、：B。该题是察看文章的要旨粗心。文章的第一段但是引出这一话题，第二段才是本文的主题，第二段中提到Choest讲究snakelikerobots是因为hehopeswilleventuallythroughfallenbuildingsinsearchofvictimstrappedafterslidenaturaldisastersorotheremergencies，由此可知，Choset研究蛇形机器人的目的是为了在自然灾祸或其余的紧迫事故中起作用。(B)Therearemanyfamousmuseumsthroughouttheworldwherepeoplecanenjoyart.Was

23、hingtonD.C.,theUS,hastheNationalGalleryofArtarishastheLouver,London,theBritishMuseum.FloridaInternationalUniversity(FIU)inMiami,heUSalsoshowsartforvisitorstosee.Anditdoessowithoutabuilding,orevenawallforitsdrawingsandpaintings.FIUhasopenedwhatitsaysisthefirstcomputerartmuseumintheUnitedStates.Youdon

24、thavetovisittheUniversitytoseetheart.Youjustneedacomputerlinkedtoatelephone.Youcancallthetelephonenumberofauniversitycomputerandconnectyourowncomputertoit.Alloftheartisstoredintheschoolcomputer.Itiscomputerart,producedelectronicallybyartistsontheirowncomputers.Inonlyafewminutes,yourcomputercanreceiv

25、eandcopyallthepicturesanddrawings.RobertShostakisdirectorofthenewcomputermuseum.Hesayshestartedthemuseumbecausecomputerartistshadnoplacetoshowtheirwork.Acomputerartistcouldrecordhispictureselectronicallyandsendtherecords,orfloppydiscs,tootherstoseeontheircomputers.Hecouldalsoputhispicturesonpaper,of

26、course.Buttoprintgoodpicturesonpaper,thecomputerartistneededanexpensivelaserprinter.numberofhomecomputersinAmericacouldmeanahugeaudienceforhiselectronicmuseum.Themainpurposeofthistextistogiveinformationabout_.A.famousmuseumsthroughouttheworldB.anelectronicartmuseuminMiami,U.S.A.C.artexhibitionsinFlo

27、ridaInternationalUniversityD.latestdevelopmentincomputerart【分析】答案：B。命题企图：此题主要察看学生的归纳归纳能力。此题错选C、D两项的学生好多，原由是只抓住了文章中的只言片语，而忽略了前两段文字在文中的作用及贯串文章素来的museum一词。解题方法与技巧：(1)通读全文，抓住每段文字的要旨粗心，特别是文章的前两段。第一段作者告诉我们全球有好多有名的艺术博物馆;第二段主要讲FloridaInternationalUniversity新开的电脑艺术博物馆。随后各段就这家博物馆的领导者及博物馆的运作做了说明。(2)运用除去法，将较具搅乱

28、性的C、D两项除去去。C项错误在于artexhibitions;D项中只讲电脑艺术的最新发展，与文章的前两段没法吻合，也没有响应贯串文章素来的“artmuseum”。(C)Humanlanguageisalivingthing.Eachlanguagehasitsownbiologicalsystem,whichmakesitdifferentfromallotherlanguage.Thissystemmustconstantlyadjusttoanewenvironmentandnewsituationtosurviveandflourish.Whenwethinkofhumanlangu

29、agethisway,itisaneasysteptoseethewordsofalanguageasbeinglikethecellsofalivingorganismtheyareconstantlyforminganddyingandsplittingintopartsastimechangesandthelanguageadapts.Thereareseveralspecificprocessesbywhichnewwordsareformed.Somewordscomeintothelanguagewhichsoundlikewhattheyreferto.Wordslikebuzzanddingdongaregoodexamplesofthisprocess.Stillanotherwayinwhichnewwordsareformedistousethenameof