《医学英文摘要写作》详解

1、医学英文摘要写作How to write a medicalEnglish abstract第一章概述一、摘要的定义、用途、和长度二、摘要的内容三、摘要的类型四、摘要的写作格式五、摘要写作的注意事项What is an abstract?An abstract is a brief summary of the most important points in a scientific paper.摘要是作者研究过程、研究目的、 研究方法和研究结果的简要陈述和概括。Purposes for AbstractsAbstracts typically serve five main goals:H

2、elp readers decide if they should read an entire article Help readers and researchers remember key findings on a topicHelp readers understand a text by acting as a pre-reading outline of key pointsIndex articles for quick recovery and cross-referencing Allow supervisors to review technical work with

3、out becoming bogged down in details二、摘要的内容ContentsTitleName of the authorUnit of the author/addressText of the abstractKeywords1）目的 2）方法 3）结果4）结果的分析、比较、评价以及应用，提出的问题以及建议 5）其他三、摘要的类型descriptive abstract 描述性摘要informative abstract 资料性摘要descriptive-informative abstract 描述 -资料性摘要Non-structured abstract （非

4、结构式摘要）Structured abstract （结构式摘要）full-structuredsemi-structured1.描述性摘要Descriptive Abstract/ Indicative AbstractThe descriptive abstracts tell what topics are taken up in the paper. They contain indicative information on purpose, scope, ormethodology in the original documents, but mention little or n

5、othing about details of results, conclusions or recommendations. The advantages of a descriptive abstract are that it is easy to write and is usually short; a serious disadvantage is that it contains little information.一般只用两三句话概括论文或报道的主题，而不涉及具体的数据和结论，通常用于综述、会议报告等。Samples of descriptive abstracts:例一：

6、心得宁引起的胸膜纤维化我们报道两例患者服用心得宁后继发胸膜纤维化Pleural Fibrosis After Practolol TherapyWe describe two patients who developed pleural fibrosisafter treatment with practolol.例二：论原发性胃肠道淋巴瘤本文综述了治疗原发性胃肠道淋巴瘤的主要经验，并就该病的临床、病理及治疗等问题进行了讨论。Primary Lymphomas of the Gastrointestinal TractAn institutional experience with prima

7、ry gastrointestinal lymphoma (PGL) is reviewed. The clinical, pathologic, and therapeutic aspects of PGL are discussed.- 1 -2.资料性（报道性）摘要Informative AbstractsThe informative abstracts give the gist, or essence, of a piece of writing: they include the most significant material in the original writing.

8、 It is the original document in miniature. Important information on purpose, scope and method of the research are included in this type of abstracts. They also contain key results, conclusions, or recommendations. The advantage of an informative abstracts is that it provides much more information th

9、an does a descriptive abstract. But it is usually longer than the descriptive type.概括论文的主要信息， 一般阐明研究的问题和关键的研究成果，其特点是全面、简要地概括论文的目的、方法、主要数据和结论。通常，阅读这种摘要可以部分取代阅读全文。Malignant Hypertension and Cigarette SmokingThe smoking habit of 48 patients with malignant hypertension was compared with that of 92 conse

10、cutive patients with non- malignant hypertension. Thirty-three of the patients with malignant and 34 of the patients with non-malignant hypertension were smokers when first diagnosed, the difference were considered separately. Results suggest that malignant hypertension is yet another disease relate

11、d to cigarette smoking.Informative-Indicative Abstracts以报道性文摘的形式表述一次文献中信息价值较高的Discussion讨论全结构式摘要（Full-structured Abstract ）1974 年 4 月，加拿大 McMaster 大学医学中心的Dr RBrianHaynes 首先提出建立临床研究论文的结构式摘要。在 Dr Edward J Huth 创导下，美国内科学记事（ Annuals of Internal Medicine ）在国际上率先采用了全结构式（ full-structured ）摘要。1目的（ Objective

12、 ）：说明论文要解决的问题2设计（ Design ）：说明研究的基本设计，包括的研究性质3地点 （ Setting ）：说明进行研究的地点和研究机构的等级4对象 （Patients, participants or subjects ）：说明参加并完成研究的病人或受试者的性质、数量及挑选方法5处理（ Interventions ）：说明确切的治疗或处理方法6主要测定项目（Main outcome measures）：说明为评定研究结果而进行的主要测定项目7结果（ Results）：说明主要客观结果结论（ Conclusion ）：说明主要结论，包括直接临床应用意义与非结构式摘要相比， 。全结构

13、式摘要观点更明确（more explicitness ），信息量更大（ more information ），差错更少（ fewer errors ）.但其缺点也是显而易见的，即繁琐、重复、篇幅过长 , 而且不是所有研究都能按以上8 个要素分类的。 于是更多部分，而以指示性文摘的形式表述其余部分的文摘。字的杂志扬长避短， 采用半结构式摘要 （ semi-structured ）数 200 词左右为宜半结构式摘要 (Semi-structured Abstract)Traditional Abstract传统式摘要半结构式摘要也称为四要素摘要，包括：IMRAD目的（ objective/purp

14、ose/aim ）、Introduction 引言方法（ methods）、Materials and Methods材料与方法结果（ results）Results结果结论（ conclusion ）- 2 -目前国内许多杂志正从非结构式摘要向半结构式摘要过度。Does smoking predispose to peptic ulcer relapse after eradication of Helicobacter pylori?Department of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital,.3、要符合逻辑、重点突出4、要结构合理，用完整句表述5、要

15、行文流畅第二章标题（title）一、标题二、副标题三、英、汉标题特点的比较四、冠词的省略五、标题中常用名词的搭配Objective: To investigate whether smoking would increaseulcer recurrence afterMethods: A total of 287 patients with gastric ulcersResults: Of the 83 smokers,3 had ulcer recurrence, Conclusions: Cigarette smoking did not increase the recurrence

16、of peptic ulcers after eradication of H. Pylori. About the tense1）目的部分：背景介绍：一般现在时或现在完成时目的说明：一般现在时/现在完成时，或一般过去时2）材料、方法和结果部分：除指示性说明外，一律用一般过去时。过去完成时只用于说明研究前的情况或研究中某一点时间之前发生的情况.3）结论部分：凡陈述研究的材料、方法和结果时，一律用过去时； 分析结果或发现的原因时，或者提出结论性意见时，如果作者认为具有普遍意义，可用现在时；如果作者认为自己的分析或结论只限于本研究范围或者仅是一种可能性，则用一般过去时为好。Length of Ab

17、stractsKeep abstracts of most papers and portions of monographs to fewer than 250 words, abstracts of shorter papers to fewer than 100 words, and those of reports and longer theses to fewer than 500 words. Rarely does an abstract exceed one page. Write most abstracts in a single paragraph, except th

18、ose for long documents.五、摘要写作的注意事项1、要概括研究的要点2、要尽可能简洁六、标题中常用介词的搭配七、几种常用的标题句式一、标题Title（一）名词性标题（二）完整句标题（三）疑问句（一）名词性标题标题一般由一个名词或若干并列的名词，加上必要的修饰语构成，一般没有谓语成分Laboratory diagnosis of SARSSARS 的实验室诊断Haemorrhagic cholecystitis出血性胆囊炎Alcohol use, myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death, and hypertension饮酒、心

19、肌梗塞、心源性猝死及高血压病Surgery for Infective Endocarditis感染性心内膜炎的外科治疗Left Ventricular Function Before and Following Surgical Treatment of Mitral Valve Disease二尖瓣病变手术前后左心室的功能变化感染性心内膜炎的外科治疗1）只在标题开头的第一个单词的首字母大学，收尾句不用句号2）标题中每个词的首字母都大写，只有某些虚词才小写，句尾不用句号。 某些需要小写的虚词， 指的是冠词、 3 个字母以内的连词和介词，4 个字母以上的，如with, from, during

20、 , after, against, during ,between 仍需要大写。- 3 -词组型标题词组型标题是由一个或数个单词或词组单独地、并列地或按偏正关系排列组成. 按其组成关系又可分为以下三类单一概念标题多概念并列标题多概念偏正标题单一概念标题,是由一个不可再细分的、具有完整概念的单词或词组构成. 由于这些单词或词组是文章所讨论的唯一对象,即文章标题的中心词.因此 ,英译标题时可以直接对译.创伤性血胆症Traumatic hemobilia中华肝胆外科杂志,2004, 10(7) ；颅底软骨肉瘤Chondrosarcoma of the skull base中华神经外科杂志,2003

21、, 19(6) .多概念并列标题,由两个或两个以上具有独立完整概念的词组并列组成. 由于词或词组之间没有说明或被说明、修饰或被修饰的关系,而是无主次的并列关系. 因此 ,英译标题时可按表达各个概念的词或词组的先后顺序译出 .例如 :催乳素和免疫系统Prolactinand immune system中华内分泌代谢杂志, 2004, 20(6) ；嗜铬细胞瘤病人的临床特点及围术期麻醉管理Clinicalfeaturesofpheochromocytomaandanestheticmanagement during perioperative period 中华医学杂志,2002, 82(8) .

22、多概念偏正标题,由多个具有独立、完整概念的词或词组构成 . 而其中有一个受其它词或词组所修饰、 限制或说明 . 这个被修饰、 限制或说明的词或词组就是文章标题的中心词 ,它位于标题末 ,与修饰、限制或说明它的词构成偏正关系 .多概念偏正标题是科技论文标题中最常见的一种,它又可分为并列偏正结构标题和递进偏正结构标题.并列偏正结构标题是以联合词组充当标题中心词的定语 . 英译标题时 ,可按顺序译出各并列成分,并置于中心词之后 .例如 :泮托拉唑三联与奥美拉唑三联疗法根除幽门螺杆菌的对比研究Comparison of pantoprazole and omeprazole- based triple

23、therapy regimens in the treatment of Helicobacter pyloriinfection 中华医学杂志, 2002, 82(18) 递进偏正结构标题以偏正词组充当标题的中心词. 定语中的各组成部分总是前一个修饰后一个,层层相叠 ,最后作为一个整体来限定代表标题重心概念的中心词.英译标题时 ,代表标题重心的中心词置于题首,定语中的各组成部分,在多数情况下,按由小到大,由近到远的次序排列 .例如 :抑郁症患者红细胞儿茶酚氧位甲基转移酶活性的研究The erythrocytes catechol O methyl transferase activity i

24、npatients with depression中华精神科杂志, 2005, 38(3) ；（二）完整句标题医学论文标题一般都是名词性标题。 有的医学杂志， 如美国的 Journal of the National Cancer Institute 甚至规定标题不得写成完整的句子。 但是，在其他英美医学杂志中，仍可以看到标题为完整句，只是句尾没有句号。如：Dietarycholesterolis co-carcinogenicforhumancolon cancer胆固醇饮食 人类结肠癌的协同致癌因素 Cytochrome b is present in neutrophils from p

25、atients with chronic granulomatous disease存在于慢性肉芽杂红患者嗜中性白细胞里的细胞色素把 b（三）疑问句标题也可以是疑问句。疑问句标题尾一般有疑问号，如有疑问副词或疑问代词，也可不用疑问句。如： Home- 4 -or hospital births?在家分娩还是住院分娩？Genetic damage form diagnostic radiation ?诊断性放射检查能否导致遗传性损害？What to look for rib fractures and how肋骨骨折时应检查什么及如何检查？Is treatment of borderline h

26、ypertension good or bad?治疗临界型高血压是利是弊？Are potassium supplements for the elderly necessary?中年以上的患者是否比须补钾？What does exercise mean for the menstrual cycle?锻炼对月经周期有什么影响？二、副标题副标题往往用于突出论文某一方面的内容，如病例数、研究方法等。正、副标题可用不同字体字号加以区别，也可用冒号隔开（一）突出病例数Abdominal pain in the emergency room: A study of 176consecutive case

27、s腹痛急诊 176 连续收治的病例研究Surgical treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts: Analysis of119 cases假性胰腺囊肿手术治疗 119 例分析（二）突出研究方法Diffuse pulmonary infiltrates in immunosuppressed patients: Prospective study of 80 casesHeparin therapy: A randomized prospective studyDiabetes after infectious hepatitis: A follow-up stu

28、dy免疫抑制患者弥漫性肺浸润 前瞻性研究80 例肝素疗法前瞻性随机研究传染性肝炎继发糖尿病患者随访调查（三）突出重点内容Diabetes mellitus: New diagnostic criteriaDigitalis therapy in practice : Correlation between clinical evaluation and plasma digoxin concentration Aorto-arteritis: Chest X-ray appearance and its clinical significance糖尿病诊断的新标准洋地黄疗法的实际应用 地高辛血

29、浆浓度与临床疗效的关系大动脉炎胸部X 线表现及其临床意义（四）表示同位关系哌唑嗪 一种新的治疗高血压的血管扩张剂乳腺癌组织中的癌胚抗原 一种有用的预后指标Prazodine: A new vasodilator used for treatment of hypertensionCarcinoembryonic antigen in breast-cancer tissue: A useful prognostic indicator（五）提出疑问句Drug regulation: Evolution or revolution？Chronic abdominal pain: A surgic

30、al or psychiatric symptom?药物调节：进化还是革命？慢性腹痛是手术症状还是精神症状？（六）表示长篇连载论文各分篇的主题Physical and chemical studies of human blood serum:A study of normal subjectsPhysical and chemical studies of human blood serum:II . A study of 29cases of nephritis人类血清的理化研究：I正常人的研究人类血清的理化研究：II. 29 例肾炎患者的研究（七）说明研究时间A collaborativ

31、e study of burn nursing in China: 20022006 A collaborative study of burn nursing in China: 20022006Endoscopicvaricosesclerosis:Oneyearclinical- 5 -experience中国烧伤护理综合研究：20022006曲张静脉内镜硬化疗法：一年临床经验研究Exercises将下列标题改为带有副标题的格式A light and electron microscopic study of two cases of primary sarcoma of the hea

32、rtExperimental study of laser surgery of the liverA report of60 cases of primary vaginal carcinomaClinical analysis of 55 cases of subacute thyroiditisA study of 127 cases of deafness due to noise traumaA review of 37 cases of diffuse malignant mesothelioma of the pleuraClinical, angiographic, and m

33、yocardial scintigraphic observations on unstable angina pectorisFifteen years experience with carcinoma of the pancreasExperiences in the treatment of 50 cases of vascular injuriesPhysiopathologic mechanisms for jaundice and cirrhosis将下列完整句标题改为名词性标题Angiodysplasia is a cause of colonic bleeding in th

34、e elderlyThyroid cancer is a late consequence of head-neck irridation.Coronary heart disease: Overweight and obesity are risk factorsProstaglandins serve as mediators of inflammation.Ferritin serves as an index of bone marrow stores.High uric acid serves as an indicator of cardiovascular diseasePern

35、icious anemia is a risk factor for cancer of the stomachInferior vena cava obstruction is a complication ofprostate cancer三、英、汉标题特点的比较（一） Study of, Report of等词的使用（二）带as 的句式（三）带and 的句式（四）病例数的处理 （五） 汉语标题中几个常用词的翻译（一） Study of, Report of等词的使用18 世纪，科技论文中可以some thoughts ona fewobservations on现代科技论文Study o

36、f 、investigation of、a reportof 也不多见标题越来越趋向简短扼要。如： Ultrasound in the diagnosis of cholestatic jaundice超生诊断胆汁郁积性黄疸Cardiovascular disease in hemodialysis patients血液透析患者的心血管病变Toxic effect of benzene on leucocytes苯对白细胞毒性作用的研究Clinical efficacy of disopyramide in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias双异丙吡胺治疗

37、心律失常的疗效观察Studies on the diuretic effects of Etozolin in heart failure乙氧唑啉对心力衰竭患者利尿效应的研究An angiographic and clinical study of coronary collateral circulation冠状动脉侧枝循环的血管造影与临床研究（二）带as 的句式在需要用表语（或同位语）的概念时，常用带as 的句式Pernicious anemia as a risk factor for cancer of the stomachGastrocolic fistula as complic

38、ation of benign gastric ulcer（三）带and 的句式- 6 -表相互关系的意义时，可用and 来表示Viral hepatitis and medical professionsMalignant hypertension and cigarette smoking（四）病例数的处理在我国医学论文标题，为吸引读者注意， 往往将病例数置于正标题中779 例气道异物的治疗系统性红斑狼疮 80 例分析在国外，病例数大多置于副标题中。软骨肉瘤 附 26 例报告4.输血后肝炎60 例报告55 例亚急性甲状腺炎临床分析The treatment of 779 cases of

39、foreign bodies in the air passageAnalysis of 80 cases of SLE Chondrosarcoma : Report of 26 casesPosttransfusion hepatitis : A report of 60 casesSubacute thyroiditis: Clinical analysis of 55 cases有时根据英文标题不列出病例数这一特点，在英译时可将病例数不译。慢性胃炎分类探讨（附71 例分析）Evaluation of classification of chronic gastritis肾下腹主动脉瘤3

40、9 例治疗经验Experience in the treatment of infra-renal abdominal aortic aneurysm（五）汉语标题中几个常用词的翻译探讨 Discussion , evaluation , approach, study, investigation如 1）实验性肺功能不全的探讨2）中西医治疗肝炎的探讨3）亚临床肝癌诊断问题的探讨4）心源性猝死51 例临床病理探讨5）原发性肝癌临床诊断的探讨6）脑血管病1000 例临床分析及若干问题探讨Discussion on experimental pulmonary insufficiencyAn ev

41、aluation of treatment for hepatitis by combined traditional Chinese and western medicineAn approach to diagnosis of subclinical liver cancerSudden cardiac death: Clinicopathologic investigation of 51 casesOn clinical diagnosis of primary carcinoma of liverCerebral vascular disorders: Clinical analys

42、is of 1000 cases体会 experience1） 818 例糖尿病患者治疗体会2）治疗革兰氏阴性杆菌菌血症的新体会3）全胃切除治疗贲门癌的体会Experience in treating 818 patients with diabetes mellitus Recent experience with bacillemia due to gramnegative organismsThe treatment of cancer of the esophago-gastric junction by total gastrectomy3 总结 experience如：先天性心脏病

43、20 年临床资料总结Congenitalheartdisease:Atwentyyearclinicalexperience4.问题 problem ,aspect完全肠道外营养临床实践中的几个问题Certain problems of total parental nutrition in clinical practice2）关于门脉高压症手术治疗的几个问题Some aspects on surgical treatment of portal hypertension初步体会 1）肝移植术麻醉的初步报告Apreliminaryreportonanesthesiaforlivertrans

44、plantation例二尖瓣膜置换术临床初步小节- 7 -Clinicalexperience of mitralvalve replacement in tenpatients四、冠词的省略（一）一般名词前的冠词在报纸、杂志和书本中的标题，往往省略冠词(the)Treatment of gram-negative shockShockcausedbygram-negativemicroorganisms:(an)Analysis of 169（二）疾病名称Carcinoma of the anal canalDiabetes after infectious hepatitis: A fol

45、low-up study五、标题中常用名词的搭配（一） studyStudy on/ of/ inStudies / study如果Study 之前有表示研究对象的定语，后接疾病名称时，往往不用of, 而用 ine.g.Platelet function studies in heart disease （二） reportReport of /onE.g. Thyroid carcinoma induced by irradiation for Hodgkin s disease: Report of / on a case放射治疗何杰金氏病引起甲状腺癌1 例报告（三） surveySurv

46、ey of/ on（四） observationObservation on/of/ in（六）各种治疗与检查名称的搭配用法治疗方法与疾病名称连用时，一般用介词forShunting operations for obesitySurgery for portal hypertensionBlindness after treatment for malignant hypertension Surgical treatment of hyperthyroidism治疗方法、检查方法还可后接介词in同 forSurgery in active infective endocarditisPar

47、athyroidectomy in chronic renal failure六、标题中常用介词的搭配in1 各种生理病理现象 +in+ 生物名词 Epidemic mealses in young adultsThyroid function in patients with breast cancer 2 in+ 动源性名词Steroid in the treatment of clinical septic shock Ultrasound in the diagnosis of cholestatic jaundice治疗方法、检查方法、药物名称各种病理现象名称+in+ 疾病Parat

48、hyroidectomy in chronic renal failureAn analysis of pancreatic sonography in suspected pancreatic disease（二） due to标题中表示原因，应用due to , 不可用because of ,owing to , 可以用 caused by 代替 Bacteremia due to gram-negative bacillli Infections due to group C streptococci in man （三） after, followingPostoperative sy

49、ndromes after / following liver surgery Exercises1.检查标题中介词的用法Gram-negative infections of cancerCirculatory failure of metastatic carcinoma of the lung 3)Hypercalcemia on malignant lymphoma4)Acute renal infections of adults5)Tiberculosis in the liverSonography in the common bile ductThe use of radioa

50、ctive iodine at the evaluation of thyroid noduels2. 填空- 8 -Jaundice _ a rare cause: Tuberculous lymphadenitis结核性淋巴结炎 引起黄疸的罕见原因Restrictive antibiotherapy_ renal transplantation肾移植后有节制的使用抗生素Hyperparathyroidism _ head and neck irradiation头颈部放疗后的甲状旁腺机能亢进Tumor emboli _ pulmonary hypertension表现为肺动脉高压的瘤拴Po

51、rtal vein thrombosis_ cirrhosis肝硬化合并门静脉血栓形成七、几种常用的标题句式（一）表示药物治疗的标题句式药物名称 +in /for +病名药物名称 +in the treatment (management) of+病名药物名称 +treatment (therapy)of+ 病名treatment of+病名 + with+ 药物名称Use of+ 药物名称 +in the treatment of +病名vasodilator drugs in peripheral vascular disease 2.Prednisone for chronic acti

52、ve liver diseasePenicillin in the treatment of severe respiratory infections.Revised: Treatment of severe respiratory infections with penicillinVancomycin therapy of bacterial meningitisUse of diuretics in the treatment of hypertension secondary to renal disease（二）表示非药物治疗的标题句式治疗方法 +for /in + 病名治疗方法

53、+ in the treatment (management) of + 病名Treatment (management) of + 病名 +by + 治疗方法血液透析治疗牛皮癣Hemodialysis for psoriasisHemodialysis in the treatment of psoriasisTreatment of psoriasis by hemodialysis（三）表示诊断方法的标题句式诊断方法 +in+病名诊断方法 + in the diagnosis of + 病名Assay (detection) of + 某种成分 +in + 病名Diagnosis of病

54、名 +by /with + 诊断方法Detection of病名 +by + 诊断方法Application of + 诊断方法 + to the diagnosis of + 病名Exercises1.将下列词次组编写标题splenectomy, myeloid metaplasiasplenic irradiation myelofibrosisleukemia, marrow transplantationcomputer tomography, acute pancreatitis 5)ultrasound, cholestatic jaundice2. 英译下列标题1)结核病患者的黄

55、疸2）婴儿及儿童的血管创伤3）一例慢性肾功能衰竭患者的胃肠道综合征和休克4）剂量是肿瘤化疗的关键因素5）青霉胺（ penicillamine) 治疗类风湿性关节炎6) 高选择性迷走神经切断术(hyperselective vogotomy)治疗十二指肠溃疡的经验放射免疫测定 （ radioimmunoassay）诊断肠道及胰脏的内分泌（ endocrine) 肿瘤SLE 患者的胰腺炎 : 一例报道及文献综述第三章 作者姓名、学位和工作单位一、作者姓名欧美人的name 既指名也指姓。如诺贝尔的全名是Alfred Bernhard Nobel Alfred是 first name 。 Bernha

56、rd是 second nameNobel 是 last name.First name 与 second name 相当于我国的名 。 last- 9 -name 相当于 姓 。也有只有first name 而无 second Renal Divisionand Cardiovascular-pulmonary Researchname。Laboratory, Department of Medicine在论文署名时， 一般将 first name, last name 用全文写出，常用医疗、医学教学和科研单位名称而将 second name 缩写 如： Afred B. Nobel, Wil

57、helm C.附属医院省人民医院Roentgen李时珍 雷锋 司马光 司徒汉城二、学位三、工作单位（一） 教研室 与 科 DepartmentDepartment of Physiology, university of California, San Francisco, California 94143Department of Anatomy, Ningxia Medical College重庆医学院传染病教研室（二） “组 ”division , section, unitDivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine Divi

58、sion section 除后接 of 介词短语外还可前接名词或形容词定语Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Medical School, Huston, TexasUnit前 往往有名词限定语Oncology Unit of the Department of Medicine 在科研机构， 组 还可用 branch 表示PulmonaryBranch,NationalHeart,Lung,and BloodInstituteLaboratory实验室，研究室可以后接of 介词短语，也

59、可前接名词或形容词定语药学院县医院中医医院胸科医院教学医院综合医院针灸研究所关键词、缩略语和致谢1 关键词Key words, Key Words, Keywords中国学术期刊检索与评价数据规范Key wordsKey words:Key words .首字母的大小写不统一关键词之间的标点分号 /逗号选词应参考 MeSH( medical subjects headings)词表，以使用规范的词语2 缩略语HIV摘要标题中不宜使用缩略语，（ CT 、 MRI 、 LASER 、DNA ）正文中第一次出现缩略语，前面应有术语全称缩略语各个字母一般均大写，如CNS，COPD ， SARS致谢从作

60、者本身出发表示感谢1） The author deeply thank of Prof B for his valuable suggestions and comments on this work.We wish to express our thanks for the valuable suggestions made by Prof. BThe author is particularly grateful to Prof. B for his guidance and encouragement in this work.I wish to express my deep grat