英语句子按功能分类市公开课金奖市赛课一等奖课件

1、sentence第1页1.句子用途分类所谓用途分类是指，依据句子意思，句子语言功效和作用是什么，然后将其归类。按这种方法，全部英语句子能够分成四个种类：陈说句（Declarative Sentence），疑问句（Interrogative Sentence），祁使句（Imperative Sentence）和感叹句（Exclamatory Sentence）。第2页1）陈说句（Declarative Sentence）陈说句是用来说明事实、看法，描述动作、状态，说明道理、原因，等等。这是日常生活中见得最多一个句子。它在表示意思上有两种形式，即必定句形式和否定句形式。比如：Chinese is

2、one of the major languages in the world .汉字是世界主要语言之一。It is not an easy job to learn English well .学好英语不是件易事。第3页She is doing her term paper .她在写学期论文。This is a beautiful garden .这是一座漂亮花园。Wealth does not mean happiness .富有并不意味着幸福。Being over-slept , he was late for class today .因为睡过了头，他今天上课迟到了。第4页2) 疑问句

3、（Interrogative Sentence）疑问句是用来提出问题，按其所提出不一样问题可分为以下四种： A）一般疑问句（General Question）一般疑问句是就某件事或某种情况是与否提问。所以，它回答不是Yes就是No；回答时所用句子可以是完整句，也可以是省略句。其次，凡是疑问句一般说来都应该是倒装语序。例如：-Are you a student ? -Yes, I am a student .-Do you like dancing ? -Yes, I do .第5页B) 特殊疑问句（Special Question）特殊疑问句是对某件事或某种情况某首先详细内容提问，所以，对哪首

4、先详细内容提问，就需要使用对应特殊疑问词如：时间（When）、地点（Where）、原因（Why）、方式（How）、人物（Who）、名称（What），等等。另外，回答内容也应该是详细。比如：-Who is in charge of English in your class ? -Zheng Zheng (is ).-谁是你们班英语科代表？-（是）郑征。 -Why is Luo Huimin absent from duty today .-She is preparing for going abroad .罗慧敏今天为何没有上班？她要出国,正在做准备第6页C) 选择疑问句（Alternati

5、ve Question）选择疑问句能够对句子中任何成份设置选择问题，选择部分由连词or连接。它貌似普通疑问句，其实二者有区分，因为回答这种文句时既不能用Yes也不能用No，而是需要回答人说出详细选择。另外，连词or之前部分读升调，其后部分读降调。比如：-Is your sister or brother going abroad ? -My brother is .（选择主语）-是你妹妹还是弟弟要出国？-我弟弟。-Are you going to school or back home . -（Im）Going home .（选择谓语） -你是去学校还是回家。-我回家。第7页D) 反意疑问句（

6、Disjunctive Question）当说话人对某种情况不甚有把握，或需深入证实时，便可使用反意疑问句。反意疑问句组成份两部分。第一部分是一个完整陈说句；第二部分是一个简单疑问句。第一部分若是必定形式，第二部分则用否定形式；第一部分若是否定形式，第二部分则用必定形式。还必须要保持前后两部分在时态、情态动词等方面一致性。比如：She is a college student , isnt she ?她是学生，对不对？He cannot speak French , can he ?他不会说法语是不是？第8页3) 祁使句（Imperative Sentence）祈使句往往是用来表示说话人请求、

7、命令、要求、提议，等等。祈使句主语常被省略，因为这个主语很明确地是听话人you。当然，有时为了强调或表示某种感情，句子也会带上主语。祈使句谓语用动词原形；它否定形式是句首用Dont + 动词原形，或是Not to + 动词原形。比如：Be quiet , please ! Dont smoke in the office . Dont be standing in the rain . Stand up ! Not to be careless when youre driving a car . 第9页4) 感叹句（Exclamatory Sentence）感叹句表示说话人喜悦、生气、诧异等

8、强烈情绪。这类句子中，有很多是由What或How引发。What 用来强调名词，How则强调形容词、副词或动词。这类句子组成只需将所强调或是说，所感叹对象放到句首；句子无需倒装，句子要用正常语序。 当然，假如不用这种句型，而句子（不论是那种句子）本身又表示了上述种种情绪，那么该句也就成了感叹句。比如：What a fine day it is today ! How fine it is today ! What a lovely son you have ! How lovely your son is ! 第10页感叹句第11页感叹句第12页 （2）what 引导感叹句what名词主语谓语H

9、ow + 形/副词+主语+谓语（1）how 引导感叹句第13页“How + 形/副词+主语+谓语” （1）How形容词（主语系动词）！ eg.How fine it is today！（2）How副词（主语实义动词）！ eg.How beautiful the flowers they are！（3）How形容词a（an）单数可数名词（主语系 动词）！ eg.How heavy the rain is！ 第14页“what名词主语谓语！”（1）What a（an）（形容词）单数可数名词主语谓语！ eg.What a cold day it is today！（2）What（形容词）复数可数名词

10、！ eg.What heavy boxes they are！3）What（形容词）不可数名词！ eg.What delicious ice-cream it is！第15页3省略式感叹句(1)how直接修饰谓语动词：How+主语+谓语!如： How we love our motherland!我们是多么热爱自己祖国啊!(2)省略主语和谓语。如： What an interesting book!多有趣一本书啊!4特殊式感叹句The design and the colours!多美图案和色彩!To sell such a suit as that to a millionaire!竟然把那

11、样一套衣服卖给了一个百万富翁!第16页感叹句记忆口诀感叹句，并不难，what与how应在前。形容词、副词跟着how，what后面名词连。名词若是可数单，前带冠词a或an。主语、谓语放后面，省略它们也常见。第17页祈使句第18页祈使句判定和特点否定：Dont或Never+动词原形。如：Never go out alone at night！不要在夜晚单独出去！祈使句用来表示说话人请求、命令、提议、劝说等。谓语动词用动词原形。其主语是you，往往省略。常见祈使句句型以下：1动词原形如：Lay down your arms! Be sure to get there before eight Ocl

12、ock第19页2Do+动词原形(此句型表示强调)。如：Do tell her about it务必将此事告诉她。3.以let开头: Let 反意疑问句 a. Lets 包含说话者 Lets have another try，shall we / shant we? = Shall we have another try?b.Let us 不包含说话者Let us have another try，will you / wont you? = Will you please let us have another try?第20页4主语+动词原形。如： Tomyou go and see wha

13、tS happening汤姆，去看看发生什么事情了。 You，girls，clean the desk；you，boys，sweep the floor你们，女生擦桌子。你们，男生，清扫地板。第21页5祈使句+and/or+陈说句(and表示顺承关系，or表示转折关系)。如：use your head，and you11 find a good way(=If you use your head，you11 find a good way)动动脑筋，你会找到一个好方法。Hurry up，or we11 be late(=If we dont hurry up，we11 be late)快点，不

14、然我们就迟到了。第22页6Be so kind/good as+不定式(此句型用来表示客气请求，so kind/good as相当于kind/good enough)。如：Be kind enough to lend me your dictionary请把你字典借给我吧。第23页Disjunctive Questions反意疑问句第24页He is a boy, isnt he?第25页This is your brother, _ _?These are not books, _ _ ?Nothing is serious, _ _ ?Everything seems all right,

15、 _ _?isnt itare they is it doesnt it第26页Everyone knows this , _ _ ?No one came , _ _?Each of the boys has a football, _ _?None of the milk is left, _ _? dont they did they havent they is it第27页Lets sum up the several different kinds of theDisjunctive Questions. 第28页一.问句部分与陈说部分主语不一致情况陈说部分主语 疑问部分主语 例句

16、 this或 that it This is your mother, isnt it ? these或those they These are books,are they? something everything等 it Nothing is serious, is it ? they/he Everyone knows this,dont they?/ doesnt he?somebodyeveryone等第29页 no one none neither , either they / heNo one came , did they? each of he / theyEach of

17、 the boys has a football, hasnt he? None of it None of the milk is left, is it ?陈说部分 疑问部分 例句主语 主语第30页Lets do some exercisesMary has two brothers, _ _?He hasnt a lot of time, _ _?They all had a good time, _ _?We have to get up early, _ _?We had better go right now,_ _?doesnt shehas he didnt theydont

18、we hadnt we第31页Lets sum up the several different kinds of theDisjunctive Questions. 第32页二问句部分和陈说部分谓语不一致情况： has (有） have 或do Mary has two brothers, doesnt she / hasnt she? have(有否定形式）与陈说部分一致He hasnt some time, has he ?have(不做有讲） do They had a good time, didnt they? have to do We have to get up, dont

19、we? had better hadWe had better go right now,hadnt we?第33页He cant be a doctor, _ _?He must be happy, _ _?He needs help, _ _?is heisnt he doesnt he第34页二, 问句部分和陈说部分谓语不一致情况 cant (不可能）表推测 cant 后面动词He cant be a doctor, is he? 1 must表示“必须”或“有必要” ，2, mustnt表示“禁止” mustnt或needntmust I must hand in my exercis

20、e book now, mustnt I(或neednt)? You mustnt take the magazine out of the reading-room, must you? 实义动词need/dare情态动词 dare / need dodare /needHe needs to do some sports, doesnt he?He dare not say so, dare he?She doesnt dare to go home alone, does she? We need not do it again, need we?第35页Lets do some exe

21、rcisesHe is hardly able to swim, _ _?There is little ink in your pen, _ _?The chair is uncomfortable, _ _?He has nothing to say, _? is he is there isnt it does he第36页Lets sum up the several different kinds of theDisjunctive Questions. 第37页三、问句必定或否定问题 scarcely seldom ,hardly ,never, few,little, none,

22、nothing, neither, nobody等 必定 形式He has never been to Japan, has he? He hardly speaks English, does he? 含un,im,dis-等否定前缀及less-等后缀派生词 否定 形式Its unfair, isnt it?He dislikes chicken, doesnt he? 第38页Lets do some exercisesIm your friend, _ _?There arent any books on the desk, _ _?Turn off the light, _ _?Don

23、t make a noise, _ _? arent I are there will you will you 第39页Let him come in, _ _?Lets go for a walk, _ _?Let us do it by themselves, _ _?He says that I did it,_ _?I dont think Mary is coming tomorrow, _ _?She thinks she can get there on time, _ _? will you shall we will youdoesnt he is shedoesnt sh

24、e第40页Lets sum up the several different kinds of theDisjunctive Questions. 第41页四、一些特殊附加疑问句 I am陈说部分谓语是wish arent Imay +主语Im your friend, arent I?I wish to have a word with you, may I?There be be thereThere is a book on the desk, isnt there?必定祈使句 will you wont youCome here , will you?否定祈使句 will youDon

25、t make a noise , will you?第42页 let us,let me let +第三人称 will youLet us do it, will you? lets shall weLets go for a walk, shall we?I think/believe/suppose等与从句谓语一致I dont think Mary is coming tomorrow, is she? he /she/ it + think/ believe等与主句谓 语一致She thinks she can get there on time, doesnt she?第43页陈说部分

26、有 had better + v. 疑问句部分用 hadnt you?Youd better read it by yourself, hadnt you? 陈说部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldnt +主语。He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldnt he?陈说部分有Youd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldnt +主语。Youd like to go with me, wouldnt you? 第44页感叹句中，疑问部分用be +主语。What colours, arent t

27、hey?What a smell, isnt it? 陈说部分由 neither nor, either or 连接并列主语时，疑问部分依据其实际逻辑意义而定。Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?第45页 陈说部分为主语从句或并列句，疑问部分有三种情况： a. 并列句疑问部分，谓语动词依据邻近分句谓语而定。 Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldnt he? b. 带有定语从句，宾语从句主从复合句, 疑问部分谓语依据

28、主句谓语而定： He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he? He said he wanted to visit Japan, didnt he?第46页 c. 上述部分假如主句主语是第一人称而谓语是 think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine 等引导宾语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应组成反意疑问句。I dont think he is bright, is he?We believe she can do it better, cant she? must在表“推测”时，依据实际情况确定He must be

29、there now, isnt he?It must be going to rain tomorrow, wont it? You must have studied English for three years, havent you? He must have finished it yesterday, didnt he?第47页当陈说部分主语是从句、不定式、动名词或词组时，反意疑问部分主语通惯用it。 What he said at the meeting is very important, isnt it? To master a foreign language isnt e

30、asy, is it? Swimming in rivers is a good sport, isnt it? 第48页五、反意问句回答：1、- You didnt go to his birthday party last night, did you? -_ , though I wasnt busy.Yes, I did B. No, I didnt C.Yes, I didnt D. No, I didB. No, I didnt2. You have no classes on Saturday, do you?A. , we doB. , we dont YesNo第49页1.

31、Some plants never come out, _ _?2. We have to get there at eight tomorrow , _ _?3.Youd better read it by yourself, _ _?4. He must be a doctor, _ _?5. Everything is ready, _ _?6. Everyone knows the answer,_ _?7. I dont think he is bright,_ _?8. She believes she can do it better,_ _?9. Dont do that ag

32、ain,_ _?Do some exercises: do they dont we hadnt you isnt he isnt itdont they is he doesnt she will you第50页10. Lets go and listen to the music,_ _? Let us wait for you in the reading room, _ _?12.There is not be any trouble,_ _?13. Im as tall as your sister，_ _? shall we will you is there arent I第51

33、页1.LilyandLucylikedancing,_? A.arentthey B.dontLilyandLucy C.dontthey D.dothey2.Youcanhardlyhearanything,_? A.canyou B.cantyou C.doyou D.dontyou第52页3. Shetalkedlittle,_she? A.did B.didnt C.was D.wasnt4. -Thereisnothingintheroomexceptthedesk,isthere? -_.Onlythedesk. A.Yes,thereis B.No,thereis C.Yes,thereisnt D.No,thereisnt第53页5.-Fewpeopleunderstandthequestion, dothey? -_.Itistoodifficult. A.No,theydont B.Yes,theydo C.No,theydo D.Yes,theydont6.Youmustbeawriter,_? A.willyou B.wontyou C.arentyou D.mustyou第54页7.Alicehastofinishherworknow,_? A.hasshe B