英概上知识点

1、精选文档精选文档PAGEPAGE11精选文档PAGEUnit1.（选择、判断、填空）1.TheflagofBritain:UnionJack2.Thecapitalofeachcountry:EnglandLondonScotlandEdinburghWalesCardiffNorthernBelfastIreland3.ThetimejoiningtheBritishparliament:However,in1707byagreementoftheEnglishandScottishparliaments,ScotlandjoinedtheUnion.4.Differencebetweent

2、heBritishIsles,UK,GreatBritain,andEngland:BritishIsles:theislandofGreatBritaintheislandofIrelandsurroundingislesUK=GreatBritain+NorthernIrelandGreatBritain=England+Scotland+Wales5.ThefourmajorinvasionsinthehistoryofGreatBritain:Atfirst,EnglandwasoccupiedbyCelticpeople.Thenin43ADBritainwasinvadedbyth

3、eRomanempire.Result:EnglandandWalesbecameapartoftheRomanempirefornearly400years.theAngle-Saxoninvaded.Result:ThelandtheylivedbecameAngle-land,laterchangedintoEngland,thelanguagetheyspokenbecameEnglish.theVikingsinvaded.ResultinacertainculturaldividebetweennorthernersandsouthernersinEngland,whichcanb

4、eexpressedasSaxonversusDane.theNormans,WilliamofNormandyinvadedthiscountry.Result:ThismarksthelasttimethatanarmyfromoutsidetheBritishIslessucceededininvadingLondon:(P18)Unit2（选择、判断、填空）NorthernIreland(oftencalledUlsterafteranancientIrishkingdom)1.ActivitiestoseekIrishindependence:Home-ruleTheEasterRi

5、singof1916:wasthemostspectacularevent,inwhichtherebelstookoverDublinsPostOffice,forcingtheBritishtoretakeitbymilitarymeans.2.Politicalparties:theSinnFeinpartySDLP:SocialDemocraticandLabourPartyIRA:IrishRepublicanArmy(illegal)legal3.PoliticaltroublesinNorthernIreland(famous):IndigenousRomanCatholicsv

6、s.ProtestantimmigratesPartition(切割):Thesouthern26countieswouldformanindependentfreestate,whilethe6north-easterncountieswouldremainapartoftheUK.(即26RepublicIreland,6NorthernIreland)4.theGoodFridayAgreement:(认识下，P36)Unit31.Processofstatebuilding:Theprocessofstate-buildinghasbeenoneofevolutionrathertha

7、nrevolution.2.TheoldestinstitutionofgovernmentinBritain:Britainisbothaparliamentarydemocracyandaconstitutionalmonarchy.3.Divinerightofkings:ItwasheldthatthesovereignderivedhisauthorityfromGod,notfromhissubjects.4.MagnaCarta:limitsonthekingsabilitytoabusehisroyalpower.5.theBillofRights:ensuredthatthe

8、KingwouldneverbeabletoignoreParliament.(WilliamofOrange时期)6.TheConstitution:(P49)7.Thefunctionsofparliament（:P49）8.Parliament:Thequeen:(symbolised,traditional)Sheislegallyheadoftheexecutive,anintegralpartofthelegislature,headofthejudiciary,commanderinchiefofthearmedforcesandsupremegovernoroftheChurc

9、hofEngland，aconfidantetothePrimeMinister（认识下）TheHouseofLords：donotreceivesalaries，bothsexistandelitist(认识下)LordsSpiritualhereditarypeersLordsTemporallifepeersTheHouseofCommons(P49)重要Unit41.Theimportanceofgeneralelections:(P67)重要2.Theelectoralcampaigns:(P67)3.Theformationofthegovernment:(P67)4.Thecla

10、sssystemintheUK:(P67)5.EthnicrelationsintheUK:(P67)认识下6.ThemainpoliticalpartiesintheUK:TheConservativeparty(newest):settinguptheNationalHealthServiceTheLabourparty:From1979to1997,theConservativePartywon4electionsinrowTheLiberalDemocrats:apartyofthemiddleMargaret-Thatcher改革(Therewerealsonegativeconse

11、quences)认识下Unit5(判断、选择、填空)1、AbsoluteDecline2、RelativeDeclineoftheUKeconomy:(P81)重要3、thereasonforitsrelativedecline了:(解下)thecountryhadgoneheavilyintodebtinordertofinancethewartheeraofempirewasoverLargemilitaryexpensesOutdatedindustriesandless-competitiveproductsAlackofcloserelationshipbetweenindustry

12、andbanks4.ThedivisionofBritishindustries:Primaryindustries(miningindustry矿业)Secondaryindustries(steelindustry钢铁业)Tertiaryindustries(insurance保险，thesellingofgoods)5.TheCity:ThenamegiventothehistoricareaatthecentreofLondon6.TheLondonStockExchange:TheheartoftheCity（伦敦的中心是伦敦城，伦敦城的中心是伦敦证券交易所）Unit6（填空、选择、

13、判断）1.Beowulf:OneoftheoldestoftheseearlyOldEnglishliteraryworksisalongpoemfromAnglo-SaxontimescalledBeowulf.2.GeoffreyChaucer：TheCanterburyTales3.ElizabethanDrama:Marlowe：TheTragicalHistoryofDrFaustusWilliamShakespeare：RomeoandJulietHamlettragediesOthellocomedies（重要）KingLearMacbeth.TheTamingoftheShre

14、wAMidsummerNightsDreamTwelfthNightTheTempesthistoryplays：RichardIII,RichardII,HenryIV,andHenryV.JuliusCaesar，AntonyandCleopatra4.The17thCentury:JohnMilton:ParadiseLost5.The18thCentury:JonathanSwift:GulliversTravels6.TheRomanticPeriod:WilliamWordsworthandSamuelTaylorColeridge：LyricalBallads（markedthe

15、beginningoftheRomanticPeriod.）GeorgeGordon,LordByronThreemenJohnKeatsPercyByssheShelley7.TheNineteenthCenturyNovel:MaryShelley:FrankensteinSenseandSensibilityJaneAustenPrideandPrejudiceEmmaCharlotte:JaneEyretheBrontesistersEmily:WutheringHeightsAnnElizabethGaskell:NorthandSouthOliverTwistCharlesDick

16、ensDavidCopperfieldGreatExpectationsTheReturnoftheNativeThomasHardyTessoftheDUrbervillesJudetheObscureth8.Femalewritersinthe19centuryofBritain:MaryShelleyJaneAustentheBrontesistersElizabethGaskell9.20thCenturyLiterature:Twentiethcenturyliteraturecanbebroadlydividedintotwostylisticperiods:Modernism,a

17、ndPostmodernism.JosephConrad：TheHeartofDarknessMrs.DallowayVirginiaWoolfTotheLighthouseOrlandoARoomofOnesOwnD.H.Lawrence:SonsandLoversUnit71.ThepurposeoftheBritisheducationsystem:providechildrenwithliteracyandtheotherbasicskillssocialisechildrenchildrenaretaughtpracticalskillslearntherulesandvaluesp

18、articipateinthecommunitycontributetotheeconomicprosperityofanadvancedindustrialeconomy.2.Theinfluenceofthechurchonschooling:educationwasvoluntaryandmanyoftheschoolsthatexistedweresetupbychurches.religiouseducationwastheonlysubjectDailyprayersandsinginghymnsisstillaregularpartofschoollife3.TheNationa

19、lCurriculum：Allchildrenthroughoutthecountrymuststudythefollowingsubjects:English,mathematics,science,religiouseducation,history,geography,technology,music,art,physicaleducation,andamodernforeignlanguage.Allchildrenthroughoutthecountrymustpassnationaltestsandschools.Allteachersaretoldwhattoteachandth

20、eirschoolsarenowrankedaccordingtohowwelltheyperformthistask.4.Stateschool:93%ofpupilsreceivefreeeducationfromthepublicsector.5.Independentschool(publicschools/privateschool):Independentschoolsarenotpartofthenationaleducationsystem.EtorschoolLarrowschoolWinchestercollege6.Comprehensiveschool:Entrance

21、examswereabolished.Suchschoolsprovideageneraleducation.Pupilscanstudyeverythingfromacademicsubjectslikeliteratureandsciences,tomorepracticalsubjectslikecookingandcarpentry.7.Grammarschool：Thosewhoshowacademicpotentialareadmittedtothegrammarschoolswheretheemphasisisonadvancedacademicworkratherthanthe

22、moregeneralcurriculumofthecomprehensiveschools.8.GCSE：GeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducation9.GCEA：GeneralCertificateofEducation-Advanced10.GNVQs：GeneralNationalVocationalQualifications11.TheuniversitiesinBritain：Britishuniversitiesarepublicbodies，exceptoneuniversity,theUniversityofBuckingham.12.The

23、OpenUniversity：TheOpenUniversityoffersanon-traditionalrouteforpeopletotakeuniversitylevelcoursesandreceiveauniversitydegree,throughtextbooks,tvandradiobroadcasts,correspondence,videos,residentialschoolsandanetworkofstudycentres.Unit81.CountriestoestablishUN:2.ThepermanentmembersoftheUNSecurityCounci

24、l:theSovietUnion,theUnitedStates,China,France,UK3.ThefoundationsofBritainsforeignpolicy:ThecontemporaryforeignpolicyoftheUKisgreatlyinfluencedbyitsimperialhistoryandalsobyitsgeopoliticaltraits4.ThemakingofBritainsforeignpolicy:(P128)5.TherelationshipbetweenBritainandtheEU(P128)ThedecisionjoinedtheEE

25、C(psychological,natural,controversial)TheUKhasalwaysbeenlessenthusiasticaboutgivingupitsnationalsovereigntytoaEuropeangovernment.6.Thecommonwealth:BritainisalsoamemberoftheCommonwealth,avoluntaryassociationofstates.Thereare50membersoftheCommonwealthhichismadeupmostlyofformerBritishcolonies.7.NATO(No

26、rthAtlanticTreatyOrganisation):protectmemberstatesagainstaggressionThepurposeofNATOprovideafoundationforsecurityinEuropeprovideaforumfortransatlanticdefencecooperation8.SpecialrelationshipwithUS:hasgonethroughmanyupanddowns9.Independentnuclearweaponscapability:Britainisatraditionalseapower.Unit91.Th

27、edivisionofBritishmedia:（降序摆列）TVNewspaper(InBritain,mostadvertisingiscarriedinnewspapers)RadioMagazine2.ThefunctionsoftheBritishmedia:EntertainmentProvideBritishpeoplewithinformationaboutpoliticalandsocialissuesProvideweatherreportsCarryadvertisingUsedforeducationalpurposesProvideaforumforpeopletowr

28、itelettersorphoneintoexpresstheirviewsorseekadviceHelpBritainengendernationalculture3.Oldestnewspaper:Theworldsoldestnationalnewspaper:TheObserverTheBritisholdestdailynewspaper:TheTimesTheverynamesofBritishnewspapers-TheTimes,TheObserver,TheGuardianstillsuggestthatthefunctionofthepaperistooffertheel

29、ectorateobjectivereportsaboutwhatishappeninginthecountry4.Papersissuedinternationally:TheFinancialTimesisprintedinFrankfurt,France,HongKong,NewJersey,LosAngeles,TokyoandMadrid.(Daily)Telegraph/TheNewsoftheWorld)5.Qualitypressandgutterpress:TheDailyTelegraphTheTimesTheSungutterpressTheGuardianQuality

30、pressTheObserver6.Fleetstreet:ItisalsoknownastheStreetofShame7.BBC:(P144)Unit101.SportsborninBritain:Cricket,football,lawntennis,golf,rugbyFACup:(FootballAssociationCup)2.FootballviolentsportGentlesport3.TennisWimbledonWimbledoniswheretheworldsbestplayersgathertocompeteongrasscourts.ItisoneofthemajoreventsoftheBritishspo