英国文学简史Chapter-12-The-Victorian-Fiction-Dickens课件

1、English LiteratureChapter 12The Victorian PeriodTime RangeThe Victorian period spans well over half a century (1837-1901).The Victorian PeriodSocial, Cultural and Political LifeThe growth of the middle classThe development of a very conservative kind of moralityThe predominance of the moral aestheti

2、c that proved binding to most Victorian writers.The wide currency of utilitarianism (功利主义)The advent of the theory of evolutionFaith in progress and a sense of earnestnessKey Points in Chapter 12The Victorian FictionThree Phases of the Period Some Salient Features of Victorian NovelsCharles DickensI

3、ntroductionWorks Great ExpectationsWilliam Makepeace ThackerayIntroductionVanity FairThe Victorian FictionThree Phases of the Period 1st Phase:_Life had not become totally impossible.Writers such as _ were basically optimistic.2nd Phase, or _: _The country had changed from an _to an industrial natio

4、n.This was a period of dichotomy (两极分化) and high complexity.Writers such as _dealt with it with subtle dexterity.3rd Phase: from the late _ onwardDramatic changes had occurred.The age of _had arrived1830s to the middle of the centuryDickensHigh Victorian Phase1870sagricultureGeorge Eliot1880snatural

5、ismThe practice of describing precisely the actual circumstances of human life in literature.The Victorian FictionSome Salient Features of Victorian Novels They all try to teach as well as to entertain.They are essentially urban, reflecting the values of the _class.They exhibit a strong sense of his

6、tory, and see _as sacred.All great Victorian novels follows the _standard.Social realism remains the Victorian novelists predominant mode of presentation of life.The main point of view employed in Victorian novels is the _-person omniscient, the unlimited vision of which helps to paint the broad can

7、vas (画布) of life. middlehome and marriagemoralthirdCharles Dickens (1812-1870)The Portraits of Dickens Dickenss handwriting Charles Dickens (1812 1870) was the most popular English novelist of the Victorian era, and he remains popular, responsible for some of English literatures most iconic (形象的) ch

8、aracters. His early years seem to have been idyllic (simple and carefree), although he thought himself a “very small and not-over-particularly-taken-care-of boy”. Charles Dickens (1812-1870)Personal Life He spent time outdoors, but also read voraciously (greedily), especially the picaresque novels (

9、流浪汉体裁小说) by Tobias Smollett, and Henry Fielding. He spoke, later in life, of his poignant (辛酸的) and vivid memories of childhood, and of his near photographic memory of the people and events, which he used in his writing. This period came to an abrupt and sudden end when John Dickens spent beyond his

10、 means and was imprisoned in the Marshalsea debtors prison in Southwark, London. To pay for his board/food and to help his family, Dickens began working ten-hour days at Warrens Blacking Warehouse . In 1842, Dickens and his wife made his first trip to the United States and Canada, a journey which wa

11、s successful in spite of his support for the abolition of slavery. He called upon President John Tyler at the White House . That summer of 1858, after separating from his wife, Dickens undertook his first series of public readings in London for pay which ended on 22 July. After a mere 10 days rest,

12、however, he began a gruelling /tiring and ambitious tour through the English provinces, Scotland and Ireland. Charles Dickens (1812-1870)Introduction IDickens came from a poor background.In the first period of his writing, Dickens is seen smiling through the pages.The latter phase of his career sees

13、 him painting a social picture disconcertingly (令人不安的) dismal (阴暗的) and agonizing (痛苦难忍的).London is the locale (lk:l场所) for many of Dickens works.He is a social historian.The archetypal (,ktap()l典型的) Dickensian hero or heroine is often an orphan or a child whose parents, though still alive, are as w

14、ell as dead to them.Introduction IIHis protagonists come close in type to the modern existentialist (存在主义) hero except for their happy ending.Charles Dickens (1812-1870)Introduction IIHis protagonists come close in type to the modern existentialist (存在主义的) hero except for their happy ending.Charles

15、Dickens (1812-1870)Existentialism is a philosophy that stresses the importance of human experience, and says that everyone is responsible for the results of their own actions. It was established by Jean Paul Sartre(萨特), French writer and philosopher.Introduction IIHis protagonists come close in type

16、 to the modern existentialist (存在主义的) hero except for their happy ending.Charles Dickens (1812-1870) Spontaneity (自发行为) was his trade mark. Dickens genius is basically comic (喜剧的). One notable feature of his comic narratives is his adroitness (熟练;娴熟) at creating the grotesque effect (奇异效果). The melo

17、dramatic(夸张的;戏剧性的) is another notable feature of his humorous narratives. Social criticism is a hallmark /feature of all his works.Charles Dickens (1812-1870)WorksLittle DorritDavid CopperfieldThe Pickwick PapersNicholas NicklebyThe Old Curiosity ShopOliver TwistGreat ExpectationsHard TimesA Tale of

18、 Two CitiesBleak HouseDombey and SonOur Mutual FriendMartin ChuzzlewitEdwin DroodA Christmas CarolCharles Dickens (1812-1870)Great Expectations (远大前程)It has been seen by some people to be Dickens masterpiece. Major characters: Pip, Magwitch, Havisham, Joe, Estella简介：/show/8x6-RRym_oqTOrgT.html Olive

19、r Twist (雾都孤儿)全剧：/v_show/id_XMzExMjY0NjIw.html?from=y1.6-96.1.1.cc04d514962411de83b1/ Major characters: Oliver, Nancy, Fagin, Bill, Monks, William Makepeace Thackeray (1811-1863)IntroductionHe was one of the two outstanding early Victorian novelists, second only as he was to Dickens.He wrote mainly about the upper and upper middle society. He has been valued as a great social realist, mo