测试基础入门双语中英

1、www一测试基Part1:BasicsofSoftwareLookatSoftwareWhydoweneedtoperformSoftwareWiththedevelopmentofinformationtechnologies,thesoftwareapplicationsdto various industries.As the competitions ingmoreandmoredrastic, software quality nowww一测试基Part1:BasicsofSoftwareLookatSoftwareWhydoweneedtoperformSoftwareWithth

2、edevelopmentofinformationtechnologies,thesoftwareapplicationsdto various industries.As the competitions ingmoreandmoredrastic, software quality no es the important objective of software development the primary condition of competitions. For a software product with poor quality, it more enance cost,

3、and may increase risk. This will affect the benefits of Obviously, the缺陷存在原.tdefects are misunderstandings n the communications, or no communication exists 4Therequirementsreof6Beshortof开发工具WrongdevelopmenttoolsareDefinitionofSoftwareSoftwaretestingcoversaseriesofactivitiesperformedinordertodiscover

4、The e of testing is to tthere exist heprogram, not totthereexistsnoheNot only to discover errors,alsoimprovethesofsoftware测试。Both Black Box software testing and White Box software testing can not thoroughtestingduetothetiesoftestingTeral objective of software engineering is plish the high-efficiency

5、 high-quality testing with limited workforce and materials . Insufficient 1wwwmeanstomakethecustomerundertakethehazardresultingfromthehiddenerrors,over-testingwillwastemanyvaluable., Thetestingtaskissoarduous.Itissibleplishthetesting.Thenwhatthe wwwmeanstomakethecustomerundertakethehazardresultingfr

6、omthehiddenerrors,over-testingwillwastemanyvaluable., Thetestingtaskissoarduous.Itissibleplishthetesting.Thenwhatthe eoftesting?WhencanweclosetheThe final e of testing is to ensure the final products delivered to meetthedemandsofcustomers.Discovermoreproblemsas you deliver the products to customers.

7、sibleandfixthem时才停止测试是不可能的Itisoutallthesible to stop testingwhen we Thekeyiswhetheritiseconomicor-市场压力refromthe-客户要求Requirementsof-所有测试用例都得到执行All testing cases are -Nosevereproblemexistsortheriskisnot Inbrief,theprincipleyoushouldfollowis:economicandgood1Good-enough 原则就是一种权衡投入/测试是一种资源的浪费，同样也是一种不负责任的

8、表现。Good-enough is to measure input/outputratio:Insufficienttestingiscarefree;overtestingwillwastetheandisalso,2开发应在早期就开展各种质量保证活动。Various quality rance shouldbeheearlyofsoftwaredevelopment3在改错之后一定要马上重新测试，以免引入新的错误Redo the testing immedia y after fix,toavoidnew4the course of doc and code modification(m

9、odification,checkandyou should prevent new error from 5yzeandrecordeachthetestingresultstoavoidsimilarerrorneededtobe测试等于程序测试?Issoftwaretestingequaltoprogram什么人都可以做测试吗？Cananyonedothetesttitisto develop aprogram,buteasyto testa program.Actuallyit is not.Designtest? isa meticulous 2wwwandneedsalskills

10、.Oritwillbeoutofcontrol,andcarelesswould 2Empathy3、技术能力。al 5、幽默感。Senseof力。wwwandneedsalskills.Oritwillbeoutofcontrol,andcarelesswould 2Empathy3、技术能力。al 5、幽默感。Senseof力。Better7、耐心和怀疑精神。Patience and 9、洞察力。节的关注能力。应用的高风险区的判断能力以便将有限的测试针对重点环节。A good testing should have the of to destroy, the ability of cap

11、turing customers po s, strong pursuit the quality and the ability of focusing on the details. He can judge the high risk of an application, to put the limited testing on the important things.没有发现错误的测试是否有价值？Isitvaluableifatestdidnotdiscoverany结论：技术含量很高的工:itisaworkwithal测试的是重要的，测试任是艰巨的不可能做到完成测试。Testin

12、gisimportant,andthetestingtaskarduous.Itissibletoperformacomplete试工作更加有效，更有针对性，花最少的代价满足用户要求，也是有规律可循的。There will be error regardless of any technology and method are used. It can decrease the error when new language, advanceddevelopmentmannerimproveddevelopmentproceduresareusedbutitcannotputanendto t

13、he error. The errors needs to be found by testing. To make the testing have more efficiency and pertinency, to meet the demands of customers with least expense, we must find out the rules to 做好测试工作的第一步是什么？Whatissteptomakegoodtesting?We should find a good method to do any work. So does the testing.主要

14、方法有针对功能的黑盒测试forfunctionsand whiteboxtesting 黑盒测试 BlackboxWhiteboxernalactivitiesofethods:blackbox使本身。Inaddition,itcanbebrokentoicanddynamictesting.ictestingreferstoandreviews,etc.Dynamictestingreferstorunandusethesoftware？Whataretheproblemstoberesolvedfordynamic动态测试方法必须回答如下问题：To find out amature met

15、hod forthe dynamic testing, mustanswerthequestions如何选择或产生测试数据？Howto anizethetestingrunofthe3www和动态运行的行为？Howto checkandrecordthedynamicrunningbehaviorsof 如何判动态行为的正确性？Howtojudgethevalidityofthedynamicrunning测试过程何时结束？Whentostopthetestingwww和动态运行的行为？Howto checkandrecordthedynamicrunningbehaviorsof 如何判动态

16、行为的正确性？Howtojudgethevalidityofthedynamicrunning测试过程何时结束？Whentostopthetestingysisthesoftwarenaturethroughthetesting Dynamic tests can be classified as below according to the 12功能测试Function 回归测试 asametesting.Checkifthereexistsanyproblem,ifthebugisfixedandifthereisanynegative affect after the program i

17、s changed.345678压力测试 re 性能测试Performance ErrorAcceptance稳定性测试Stability 可用性测试Availability 全球化测试Globalization 生命周期的阶段，测试又可分为以下三类The testing can be classifiedo3categories according to the lifecycle of software:1Unit 3System Whatisthedifferencebet system test?单元测试Unit nunitegrationtest,设计的最模块。对模块内所有重要的控制

18、路径设计测试用例 objectofthesmallesthesoftwaredesign-module.Forthistest,youshoulddesigncaseforallimportantcontrolpathsina单元测试的1 模块接口测试； 2 模块局部数据结构测试；3 模块边界条件测试； 4 块中所有独立执行通路测试； 5 The tasks of unit test include: 1 Test the module ports; 2 Test the partial data structure of module; 3 Test the oundary conditio

19、n; 4 Test all separate execution paths in a module; 5 everyerrorspathina单元测试的作用：Functionsofunit可以发现并修改掉修改代码带来影响，如果这问题留到测试人到测试时发现?，成本成倍长Discoverandfixthenegativeaffectresultedfromthecodechange.Ifsuchproblemisdiscoveredtill a tester find it?, the cost would increase doubly.单元测试的原则：Principleofunit1先写测试

20、代码,然后编写符合测试的代码?.至少要做到完成部分代码后,完成对应的测试代码4www测试代码不需要覆盖所有的细节,但应该对所有主要的功能和可能出错的地方有相应的测试发现 BUG,首先要编写对应的测试用例,然后进行调不断总结出现 BUG 的原因,对其他代码编写相应的测试每次编写完成代码,运行所有以前的www测试代码不需要覆盖所有的细节,但应该对所有主要的功能和可能出错的地方有相应的测试发现 BUG,首先要编写对应的测试用例,然后进行调不断总结出现 BUG 的原因,对其他代码编写相应的测试每次编写完成代码,运行所有以前的测试用例,验证对以前代码的影响,把这种影响尽早6不测试代码,保证代码变动后通过

21、所有Write the testing , then write the t coincides with the test. Finish correspondingtestingcodetilleastpartialTestingcodeneednottooverridealldetails.ButyoushouldhavethecorrespondingcasesforallkeyfunctionsandtwouldsiblyWhenabugisdiscovered,youwritecorrespondingtest,thenperformtheKeeptocaseforother sf

22、or thetbugexist.AndwritethecorrespondingEverytimeyou finishthecode,youshouldrunalltheformertestcasestoverifytheaffecttheformercodes,inordertoeliminatesuchearlyKeeptoma hetestcode.Ensurealltestspassafterthecodeis集成测egration 每个模块都能单独工作，但这些模块集成在一起之后可能不能正常工作。主要原因是，模块调用时接口会引入许多新问题。odulecanworksepara y.Bu

23、ttheymaynotworkproperlyegration.Themainreasonisbecausenewproblemsomodulesareinvokedeacherfacewhen集成测试采用的方法有哪些 ethodcanbeused 系统测试的依据是什么？Whatcanbereferredtoforsystem系统的需求规格说明书、各种Requirements and various specifications of 和确认整个系统是否达到了原始的目标。The software should egrated with the other after its developme

24、nt. t time, a series of egration and confirmation tests need to performedtoverifyandconfirmifthewholesystemachievetheoriginal成功测试的前提是什么呢？Whatisthepreconditionforasful . careful management and ma enance. And software testing itself has risks. How to estimate eliminate these risks? A perfect testing f

25、low is the precondition for a as well anizationalanizationalManagementofSoftware （3）测试计划 测试设计 试评估及度Testingplantestingdesignexecution-testingestimationand（4）缺陷 5www配置管理产生的背景Background of configuration 度更加增高。Duringtheprojectimplemen ionprocedurethechangeisunavoidableThemakemoremisunderstandingntheengi

26、neersofwww配置管理产生的背景Background of configuration 度更加增高。Duringtheprojectimplemen ionprocedurethechangeisunavoidableThemakemoremisunderstandingntheengineersofone 配置管理是贯穿于整个项目 activitythroughtheprojectfor configuration management is listed as below:创建配置库 Create a configuration library配置审计 Audit the confi

27、gurationControlthe anizationandmanagementworkneedtobe为什么需要撰写测试计划？Whydoyouneedatesting 充分的准备工作可以有效地克服测试的盲目性、Sufficient preparation can avoid the 档互查的作用。 shortenthecircle,improvethetestingefficiency,andhaveaneffectofmutualandns makeachanceofcommunicationswithtestteam,developersandmanagement scopeandsw

28、howilldothe 测试策略Testing 测试需求Testing eof 测试组的任务和职责Tasksandresponsibilitiesoftesting进度安排 testingresultwithhalftheeffort.Itcanleveragelimitedworkforceandmaterialsresour plish a high-efficiency and high-quality testing. 用户的访谈构架文档等。Testingrequirementsmayhavemany,including6wwwcases,cases,supplementaryrequ

29、irements,designrequirements,businesswiththecustomers sofsoftwarearchitecture,评估风险并确定测Estimatetherisksanddeterminetheprioritiesofwwwcases,cases,supplementaryrequirements,designrequirements,businesswiththecustomers sofsoftwarearchitecture,评估风险并确定测Estimatetherisksanddeterminetheprioritiesof一个好的测试策略应该包括

30、哪些内容：Agoodtestingstrategyshouldcoverthefollowing .要使用的测试技术和工具 Testingtechnologiesandtoolstobe.EstimationanditscriterionusedestimatethetestingresultsandtotestifthetestingThepur are as below:estogiveplishment sfultestingimplemen followingcontentsplishmentcriterionshoulddeclare的功能、行为或条件Thefunctions,beh

31、aviorsorconditionstobeMethodof标准或的相符程度tis,thetallydegreewith对测试策略所述的测试工作存在影响的特殊事项ltaffecttheoperationsesting测试计划制成完成后是否可以plan测试设计的目标和方法？Theobjectivesandmethodsoftesting elementaryobjectiveoftestcasedesignistodetermineasetoftestingdata,toonekindoferrorshashightoneerrorTestnearinfinitetestingscenarios

32、byusing finite test cases.测试用例设计方法MethodsoftestcasesLogic语句覆盖判定覆盖 Condition Path等价划分法Equivalence Partitioning 较多的程序错误。Selectminorrepresen inputoexpectmoreprogramerrordiscoveredwithless边界值法Boundary Value 7wwwErrorsoccureasilywhentheprogramdealswithboundarycircumstance.Usetheboundaryvaluechoosetoftest

33、cases,tocheckthecapabilityofsingboundary 根据相关的规范描述来设计测试用例。每一个测试用例用来测试一个或多个规范陈述语句。wwwErrorsoccureasilywhentheprogramdealswithboundarycircumstance.Usetheboundaryvaluechoosetoftestcases,tocheckthecapabilityofsingboundary 根据相关的规范描述来设计测试用例。每一个测试用例用来测试一个或多个规范陈述语句。test cases according to the relative crite

34、rions. Each test case can be used to test one or heFor ex square root of a function.Input:realle, consider the criterion of calculating 0。CombinationMethodofInputand“CRUD”覆盖法 CRUDCoverage 测试时是否要执行的所有测试用例？ShouldalltestcasesbeperformedduringtheArrangeandruntestingtasksonthebasisoftestingTwomodesareinv

35、olvedduringthetestingexecution手工测试Manual 自动测试Automated 最大限度的利用测umtesting.提高手工测试的精ImprovetheaccuracyofmanualProperlysaveallhistorydataof选择正确Selectthepropertest如何改进测试过程？Howtoimprovethetesting(4) 测试评估及度EstimationandMeasurementofEstimatethecodecoverageEstimate the defects the defects density, the defect

36、s distribution, the workload distribution, the andcodes execution, the thetesting procedure is helpful to hold the project conditions, theadvantagesanddisadvantageseasily,tofindouttheyze the procedure data, to tneedtoimprove,andtoadjusttesting testingime. It the testing risks and is the foundation o

37、f continual improved 区别？Whatarethethreecommontestings?Whataren onSoftwareTestingVV8wwwWW HHPart2:SoftwareAutomatedLookatAutomated为什么要引入自动化测试Why do roducetheautomatedBackground, definition and e, automated flow of applicablescopeand（1）,comparisonmanualtestingutomatedwwwWW HHPart2:SoftwareAutomatedLoo

38、katAutomated为什么要引入自动化测试Why do roducetheautomatedBackground, definition and e, automated flow of applicablescopeand（1）,comparisonmanualtestingutomated（2）定义和目Definitionande在短工作进度，提高测试质量， 提re testing activities, the tplish the testing with automatically is the automation of testing. Its e is t is, to d

39、ecrease workload, save , shorten schedule, improve testing andimprovesoftware自动化测试适用范围和时机？Whatistheapplicablescopeandocca for白盒测试，黑盒测试都可用。BothWhiteBoxtestingandBlackBoxtestingare功能回归测试，归功测试，性成测试，压力Youcanmakefortesting when performing the function testing, performancetesting,retesting,unitegrationtes

40、ting,and测试执行和比较测试输出是体力活动，适合自动化 Testing execution and the testing comparisonarephysicalwork.TheyaresuitablefortestingHere is just strategyofautomatedtestingwouldbediscussedroduction. 自动化测试对比手动测试的优势是什么？Whataretheadvantagesofautomatedtestingcompared with manual testing?(4) 手动测试与ManualtestingVS.Automate

41、d 9快速LowHighHeavyHighEasetomakePoorwww公司认同成立测试部门的重要性， 不是浪费公司资源。The management members of the company approve the importance of establishing testingdepartment.Theydontthinkitiswastingthecompanys.具比较好。Before an automated testing is used, therewww公司认同成立测试部门的重要性， 不是浪费公司资源。The management members of the c

42、ompany approve the importance of establishing testingdepartment.Theydontthinkitiswastingthecompanys.具比较好。Before an automated testing is used, there is ldedicatedtoittoestimatewhichtoolwouldbeusedtogetbetter自动化测试的推广，工具使用技能及相关知识的培训。Spread the automated testing. Give the trainings on tools usage skills

43、 and related knowledge.对自动化测试需求分析 Make ysis on the demands of 实施前期进行 的思考。Thetoolscanhelpthetester ngabettertestingjobButhow we can improve the efficiency by using them? We need think more before the implemen ion.如何确认自动化测试需求？HowtoverifythedemandsoftheautomatedAllagreedonthedemandsofautomatedDecreaset

44、hecostbydecreasingthePerformthetestwithhigherIncreasethetestingEnsuretheImprovethereliabilityof技术的人参与测试 Allow with little al skills 允许没减少对少数了解产品的依赖 Reduce the dependence on the minor acqua 不要硬 自己自动化测试每一部分， 用在能获得最好回报的地方 Dont hustle performingtheautomatedtestingateverypart.Itshouldbeusedonlyifitcanheb

45、est 测哪能些地方测试确实，工具后是否容易执行这些测试 When it reallydifficultinsomeduringthetesting,youcanconsiderifiteeasyafterthetools.The testing demands will make it forvarious制订Make the criterion for morebranchcoverage.的规范，在中增加数据驱动方法以得到的分支覆盖script enance. Add data-driven method in the script to 文档化你的自动化测your automated

46、Itisrequiredtoconfigurethemanagementthe testing and audit it.write the test cases according to the mode of wwwtesting.Then improvethemfromthe viewofautomationt the testing flows are established. t aresimpleandcheaptosimplifythe设计的可持续性Durative ability of 测试包？它的作用是什么？What is test package? What are Con

47、struct the durative testwwwtesting.Then improvethemfromthe viewofautomationt the testing flows are established. t aresimpleandcheaptosimplifythe设计的可持续性Durative ability of 测试包？它的作用是什么？What is test package? What are Construct the durative test package. Its benefits include audit-ability, independencya

48、nd可性：把测试公用的功能做成一个库文件。Ma ainalbilityPutthecommon?完整性：测通过是，是不是真的。 Keeptheindependencywithoutlosingthereliability.Itisbettertoruneachtestsepara 试产品的生命周期中保持可用。RepeatabilityItisnotallowedtoonlydiscovertheerror ermittently. So, it is required to ensure all tests are same and available during lifecycleofte

49、sted测试包与测试框架的区别是什么？What are the difference andtestingn testing testing invoking and testing design.ItismodulizedThecomponentscanbe隐藏了用户接口或是使用工具的复杂度同时不依赖于用户接口运行Theare t is, you wont face the complex tools. Also, its running does not depend on the .计划部署Deploythe 引入自动化测试是一种投资回报 It is Return on Investme

50、nt automateditsroduce ,automatedtestinghaslimits自动化测试不是适合所有的公所有的It is not suitable for all companies or all such ( 2Theprojectwhoselifecycleis3tthebusinessrulesare业务规则复杂的对象有很多的逻辑算关系具就很难测试For the t4Thetfocusontheaestheticfeeling,sound,easeofrunrarely,suchasonceperThesoftwareisnotwwwSecond, we conside

51、rthereturnoninvestmenteveniftheautomatedtestingisall-局限性呢？WhataretheItcannotreplacethemanualManual testing discovers morewwwSecond, we considerthereturnoninvestmenteveniftheautomatedtestingisall-局限性呢？WhataretheItcannotreplacethemanualManual testing discovers more n TheautomationoftestingcannotimprovetheToolsthemselvesdove测试计划和测试设计