泰特勒和严复的翻译理论比较和分析(英文)课件

1、Alexander Fraser Tytler 1747-1813Alexander Fraser TytlerNationality：Britain（Edinburgh,Scotland）Biography：Alexander Fraser Tytler, Lord Woodhouselee FRSE (15 October 1747 5 January 1813) was a Scottish advocate, judge, writer and historian who served as Professor of Universal History, and Greek and R

2、oman Antiquities, in the University of Edinburgh.Main work：(1791). Essay on the Principles of Translation.(论翻译的原则）Essay on the Principles of Translation“Three principles of Translation”（comprehensive&systematic）It marks a new begining of western translation studies. (标志着西方翻译史上一个时期的结束和一个时期的开始)In 1921

3、, Mr Zheng Zhenduo published the three principles on theNovel Monthly. And this idea first be imported into China.Laws of TranslationIt will follow:. That the Translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work.即译文应完全复写出原作的思想. That the style and manner of writing should b

4、e of the same character with that of the original.即译文的风格和笔调应与原文的性质相同. That the Translation should have all the ease of original composition.就是译文与原作同样流畅CHAPTER Description of a good Translation I would therefore describe a good translation to be, That, in which the merit of the original work is so co

5、mpletely transfused into another language, as to be as distinctly apprehended, and as strongly felt, by a native of the country to which that language belongs, as it is by those who speak the language of the original work.原作的优点完全移植在译作语言之中，使译语使用者像原语使用者一样，对这种优点能清楚地领悟，并有着同样强烈的感受CHAPTER the translator i

6、s called upon to exercise his judgement, and to select that meaning which is most consonant to the train of thought in the whole passage, or to the authors usual mode of thinking, and expressing himself.我记忆中最早的一件事,是提着家里唯一的热水瓶去公共食堂打开水。 莫言（诺贝尔奖讲座）My earliest memory was of taking our only vacuum bottle

7、 to the public canteen for drinking water. 葛浩文（译）星期天，豫园游人络绎不绝。On Sundays, Yuyuan Garden is always crowded with visitors.（negative）On Sundays, Yuyuan Garden attracts a large number of visitors.（positive）CHAPTER Third general Rule: A Translation should have all the ease of original composition. 郑振铎：译文

8、必须含有原文中所有的流利。（1921）谭载喜：译作应具备原作所具有的通顺。（1991）李德凤：译文应该与原作的行文一样自如。（2007）挖开坟墓后，我们看到，棺木已经腐朽，母亲的骨殖，已经与泥土混为一体。 莫言（诺贝尔奖讲座）When we dug up the grave, we saw that the coffin had rotted away and that her body had merged with the damp earth around it. 葛浩文（译）CHAPTER that in all cases where a sacrifice is necessary

9、 to be made of one of those laws to another, a due regard ought to be paid to their rank and comparative importance.预示了现代翻译的“得”、“失”问题CHAPTER 译者VS.画家yet the painter employs precisely the same colours, and has no other care than faithfully to imitate the touch and manner of the picture that is before

10、him.The translator uses not the same colours with the original, but is required to give the picture the same force and effect.The more he studies a scrupulous imitation, the less his copy will reflect the ease and spirit of the original.he must adopt the very soul of his author, which must speak thr

11、ough his own organs.DisadventageTytlers translation thoughts mainly based on his practical experience and subjective observation. In his book Essay on the Principles of Translation” mainly provided readers with some practical means for solving translation problems, such as amplification, deletion an

12、d polish. Some people even say that the book just looks like a textbook discussing the translation arts; At the same time ,from his translation theories , we can see that he imitates other translators theory, especially Dryden. It was even considered as plagiarism by Campbell. For example, his first

13、 principle That the Translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work , which is similar to Campbells accurately reproduce the original meaning 缺点泰特勒的翻译思想主要基于他本人的翻译实践经验和主观观察，他在论翻译的原则一书中提供给读者的主要是一些解决翻译问题的实用手段“如增词，减词，修改润色等翻译技巧”，有人甚至说它像一本探讨翻译艺术的教科书；同时从其翻译思想我们也可以看出，他过多地借用他人

14、的理论，特别是德莱顿的，甚至被坎贝尔认为有剽窃之嫌。如他的翻译三原则的第一点“译作应完全复写出原作的思想”，这和坎贝尔的“准确地再现原作的意思”，极为相似。Laws of TranslationIt will follow:. That the Translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work.即译文应完全复写出原作的思想. That the style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that of

15、 the original.即译文的风格和笔调应与原文的性质相同. That the Translation should have all the ease of original composition.就是译文与原作同样流畅Tytlers first two laws of translation concern the translator and the original, there are no other considerations. But when he describes a good translation as one in which the merit of t

16、he original is so completely transfused into another language as to be as distinctly apprehended and as strongly felt by a native of the country to which the language belongs as it is by those who speak the language of the original work, he brings in a new factorthe reader. by Peter Newmark对后人的影响泰特勒

17、的翻译思想影响了其后的许多翻译家“ (如马休阿诺德和我国的著名翻译家严复先生)。这可以通过对比他们的思想明显看出来，马休阿诺德主张译者必须保留原文的具有诗人的基本特征。译诗者必须具有诗人的洞察力，译文必须像诗“，而且与原文有同样的感染力 我国著名的翻译家严复先生提出的信达雅)翻译三原则和泰特勒的三原则有许多相似之处2022/9/19Yan FuYan Fu (simplified Chinese: 严复; traditional Chinese: 嚴復; ; courtesy name: Ji Dao, 幾道; 8 January 1854 27 October 1921) was a Chi

18、nese scholar and translator, most famous for introducing western ideas, including Darwins natural selection, to China in the late 19th century.Yan stated in the preface to his translation of Evolution and Ethics (天演論) that there are three difficulties in translation: faithfulness, expressiveness, an

19、d elegance (譯事三難：信達雅)2022/9/19 两大翻译原则的对比相同之处 1.泰特勒的第一条标准: That the Translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work.即译文应完全复写出原作的思想泰特勒的第二条标准：That the style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that of the original.即译文的风格和笔调应与原文的性质相同 就相当于“信于原文意义与风格”

20、严复的faithfulness ： the full and complete converying or transmission of the original content or thought (信) 既包括对原作思想内容的信，也包括对原作风格神韵的信一致2.两种理论都强调传达出原文的思想内容，译文表达要通顺明白。，2022/9/19Differences The difference of motivation （ 动机的差异） Yan Fus Criteria is purposeful,which aims to attract the elites attention.(严复

21、所翻译的书多为形成西方资本主义社会思想体系的经典著作。他知道这种思想，对当时沉缅于中古世纪迷梦中的中国知识分子来说，等于一味苦药。所以，他用知识分子所欣赏的古雅文体给苦药裹上一层糖衣，使它容易下咽）Tytler just wants to make the whole translation system more systematic, covering content,form and text three aspects.2022/9/19Traditional chinese translation paid more attention to practice rather than

22、 the theory.（严复对“信达雅”并没有作出明确界定，以致引发了后来无休无止的争论严复的“信达雅”原本是用来描述翻译困难，而并非作为翻译准则而提出来的，他所关心的是翻译的实践，而非翻译的理论问题。）Western translator put practice and theory at the same level.(泰氏的三原则实际上是从内容的忠实,到风格手法的一致再到语言表达的自然流畅,步步深入,层次井然）他们的这种差异实际上是中西学术传统在价值取向上求真与实用方面的差异。The difference of value orientation (价值取向的差异)2022/9/19Traditional Chinese mode of thinking is perceptual which tends to make the theory obscure and received .（严复对“信达雅”并未做清晰的界定和详细的论证，而在于他人对它做何种解释。正所谓“一切尽在不言中”。要想理解“信达雅”，需靠我们对先辈思想融会贯通的联想与领悟。）Westerner attach great importance to rational thinking which makes the theory m