必修一unit-2-english-around-the-world-重点单词、短语和句型

1、Unit 2 Period 2 Learning about language 重点单词1.baseIt was more on German than the English we speak at present.观察思考This book is based on a true story. 这本书讲的是一个真实的故事。They decided to base the new company in York.他们决定将新成立的公司总部设在约克郡。What are you basing this theory on?你这种理论的根据是什么？based归纳总结base_。2base与basis

2、的区别：二者都有“根底的意思。base所指的“根底是具体的；basis所指的“根底是抽象的。the base of a building建筑物的根基根底，底部the economic basis经济根底3on the basis of根据；以为根底v.以为根据；把总部等设在.be based on.以为根据the base for 的根据地1即学即用1他把希望寄托在我们昨天得到的好消息上。 He the good news we had yesterday.2这部小说是以事实为根据的。The novel fact. based his hopes onis based on2 mand Can

3、 you find the following and request from Reading? 观察思考 He commanded the soldiers to attack. =He commanded that the soldiers (should) attack. 他命令士兵们进攻。 I never promised to obey her commands. 我从未容许服从她的命令。 Mr.Smith has a good command of spoken English. 史密斯先生对英语口语掌握得很好。command归纳总结command _ 。(1)at ones c

4、ommand 听某人支配under ones command 由指挥under the command of sb. 在指挥之下have (a) command of 掌握；精通尤指语言take command of 控制(be) in command of 掌握，控制(2)command sb.to do sth. 命令某人做某事command that.(should) do. 命令v. & n.命令；指挥；掌握；博得即学即用1军队由国王直接统率。 The army is . 2她精通法语。 She the French language. 考试题(2021山东济宁二模)What _ of

5、 English Xu Gehui _！Agood command; is at Ba good command; hasCgood command; has Dgood commands; has答案与解析：B此题考查have a good command of的用法。under the kings commandhas a good command ofBLONDON - American swimmer Michael Phelps won the mens 100m butterfly on Friday for his 17th Olympic gold and 21st medal

6、 overall, as the United States overtook China on the top of the medals table thanks to a gold rush in the pool.Phelps wins 21st medal as US overtakes China辨析command与ordercommand和order都有“命令之意，都可以接名词、从句作宾语，接不定式作宾语补足语，接从句时，从句多用虚拟语气，即(should)do结构。command指权威方面的正式命令，主要用于军事场合。order多为执行任务或掌权者发布命令时使用。如：The g

7、eneral commanded his men to attack the city.将军命令士兵攻城。His father ordered him to leave.他父亲叫他走开。 3.request In English you use a command or a _ when you want someone to do something. 观察思考 She refused all the requests for an interview. 她拒绝了所有要求采访的请求。 They have made an urgent request for international hel

8、p. 他们迫切要求国际社会的援助。 I requested that he (should) leave at once. 我要求他马上离开。request归纳总结request 。(1)make (a) request for.请求；要求at sb.s request=at the request of sb.应某人之要求by request (of)照需要；依照请求；应邀on request一经要求(2)request sb.to do sth.请求某人做某事request that sb.(should) do sth.请求request sth.from/of sb.向某人请求某物It

9、 is requested that.据要求v. & n.请求；要求易混辨异request, ask, demand, require(1)request意为“请求，要求，指正式或礼貌的请求。通常用于希望别人做某事，语气比较委婉。She requested permission to film at the White House.她申请准予在白宫拍摄。(2)ask意为“请求，指想从别人那里得到什么。其结构为“ask sb.for sth.,ask sb.to do sth.He asked his mother for six dollars.他向母亲要6美元。Parents ask me

10、to come back early after school.父母要我放学后早点回家。(3)demand意为“强烈要求，语气较重，含“自己觉得有理由要求的意思。后接名词或不定式作宾语，但不能接不定式作宾补，可以接用虚拟语气的从句。The captain demanded to know what was going on.上尉要求知道发生了什么事。She demanded that we (should) give her an immediate answer.她强烈要求我们立刻给她一个答复。(4)require意为“需要，要求，含“按照法规要求的意思。其后接用虚拟语气的从句，也可接不定式

11、作宾补。The city government requires that all the people (should) protect the environment.市政府要求人们保护环境。The city government requires the people to keep the streets clean.市政府要求人们保持街道清洁。即学即用(1) her request,Tom went out immediately to help her out. A.On B.At C.Till D.In(2)We all agreed to his request that he

12、_ to Dalian for sightseeing. A.went B.were going C.go D.shall go考试题(2021天津)Dont respond to any emails _ personal information，no matter how official they look.Asearching BaskingCrequesting Dquestioning答案与解析：C句意：不要答复任何索要个人信息的电子邮件，不管他们看上去多么正式。A、B两项都应加for。BCCSimilar National FlagsThe Commonwealth of Aus

13、traliaThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandNew Zealand4.recognize Although many Americans move a lot,they still_ and understand each others dialects. 观察思考 Line up these men and see if the witness can recognize the criminal. 让这些人站成一排，看看证人能否从中把罪犯认出来。 I recognized him though we were

14、apart for years. 尽管我们分开多年了，我还是认出了他。recognizeEveryone recognized him to be a lawful heir of the money.大家都成认他是那笔钱的合法继承人。归纳总结recognize _ 。(1)recognize sb./sth.by/from.根据认出某人/某事(物)be recognized to be/as.被认作/被认为是It is recognized that.人们公认(2)recognition n.认识；认出out of/beyond recognition认不出来v.识别出；成认The Repu

15、blic of The FiJi IslandsTuvalu易混辨析recognize, know, admit, realize(1)recognize与know都有“认识的含义。know表示“认识，可以用于人或物，以前可以认识，也可以不认识，是一个延续性动词;recognize表示“认出，只能用于原来就已经认识的人或事物，是一个非延续性动词。(2)recognize与admit都有“成认的含义。但admit的对象一般是不对的或不荣耀的事实；而recognize多指“成认某人或某物是合法的、有效的。(3)recognize与realize都有“意识到；认出的含义，但realize强调无意中注

16、意到，从而了解本质，明白事理；而recognize那么强调从对记忆的搜索中识别出人、物、声音、方位等。即学即用(1)刘翔被认为是世界十佳运发动之一。 Liu Xiang one of the ten first-class athletes in the world.(2)人们一致认为环境污染已经成了人们面对的最严重的问题之一。 environment pollution has become one of the most serious problems that people face.is recognized asIt is recognized that 考试题(2021黄冈质检)

17、Zhang Haidis face was easily _ because more and more media covered her moving deeds.Aknown Bdiscovered Crecognized Dseen答案与解析：Cknow“认识，知道；discover“发现，觉察；recognize“认出，识别；see“看见，看到。结合语境“因为越来越多的媒体报导了张海迪的动人事迹，所以人们很容易认出她的面孔可知,recognize符合语境。C孟加拉 Peoples Republic of Bangladesh日本 Japan贝劳 The Republic of Pal

18、au5. straight Well,go round the corner on your left-hand side,_ on and cross two streets.观察思考 A straight line is the shortest distance between two points 两点之间直线最短。 Its time for some straight talking. 现在该开诚布公地谈谈了。 There was no wind.The smoke rose straight upward. 因为没有风，所以烟笔直地往上升。straightThe Arab Repu

19、blic of EgyptRepublic of IraqThe Syrian Arab RepublicThe Republic of Yemen归纳总结straight_ 。straighten v. 弄直；使正确；整顿go straight 改正自新straight away 马上，立即set sb. straight 纠正某人即学即用A road goes from our college to the city center.A.straight;straight B.straightly;straightlyC.straight;straightly D.straightly;st

20、raightadj.& adv.直的；坦诚的；直接；一直A墨西哥 The United Mexican States意大利 The Republic of Italy乍得 The Republic of Chad罗马尼亚 Romania6. rapidly adv. 快速地 Their influence is rapidly on the rise.他们的影响在迅速的提高。 辨析-rapidly/quickly/fast/immediately rapidly指一个或一连串的动作迅速、敏捷,着重指动作本身。 quickly一般指动作敏捷迅速、毫不延迟，在较短的时间内发生或完成某项动作。 fa

21、st主要指运动着的人或物体速度快。 immediately侧重于在时间上毫不耽误。选词填空 rapidly/quickly/fast/immediately(1)Do you understand the _ changing world of computer technology?(2)When you turn on the TV set，clear picture will 。 appear on the screen.(3)The report was _ prepared for publication.(4)The trains running five minutes _.ra

22、pidly immediately quickly fast 哥伦比亚The Republic of Colombia厄瓜多尔The Republic of Ecuador委内瑞拉Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela7. include vt. 包括，包含 My plan includes most of your suggestions.这项方案包括了你的大局部建议。 The expenses are included in the account.费用包括在账内。 辨析 contain/include/cover contain“包含，含有，装着，通常指在一个整

23、体中所包含的全部内容，或在一个容器中容纳的全部东西，强调包含的整体内容。 include“包含，包括，指在一个整体中包括了其中一部分内容、工程等，强调包含局部。常用的两种表达方式：including sb./sth. sb./sth. included。cover“包括；设计，处理；适用于；(钱)够之用，足以支付。选词填空contain/include/cover/hold(1)We all went，_ Mary.We all went，Mary _.(2)Will $200 _ the cost of the damage?Im afraid not. I need at least 10

24、0 more.(3)He was worried，because he lost his bag_his passport，ID card and a lot of money.including included cover containing (including) 8.present adj. 现在的;出席的;到场的 v.颁奖,授予 n.礼物 Water pollution is present in this area.这个地区存在水污染的现象。 The Smiths,and other people present，are all my friends. 史密斯夫妇以及其他在场的人

25、都是我的好朋友。搭配 (1)at present;at the present time 目前,现在(2)make a present of sth. to sb.make sb. a present of sth.把某物赠送给某人(3)be present at the meeting 出席会议 Keep your face always to the sunshine and the shadows will fall behind you！永远面朝阳光，阴影就会被甩到后面！完成句子(1)There were 200 people_(出席会议) (2)He admired my typew

26、riter so much.I_ (赠送给他) it.(3)They _ a sum of money _(赠与) the college in memory of their son.present at the meeting made him a present of presented to 9.direction n. 方向;指导;(常用复数)指示;说明书As we fired at the enemys position,they fled in all directions.当我们向敌军阵地开火时，他们四处逃窜。搭配 (1)in one direction 朝某一方向 in al

27、l directions 朝四面 八方(2)under the direction of sb. under ones direction 在某人指导下(3)in/from the direction of 朝着/来自方向(4)according to ones directions 根据某人的指示follow/obey/listen to ones direction 听从某人指导(5)keep sb.s directions in mind 记住某人的指示在某人指导下【英文谚语】1.Bad news has wings. 坏事传千里2.Beauty is in the eyes of th

28、e gazer. 情人眼里出西施3.Behind bad luck comes good luck. 塞翁失马，焉知非福4.Being on sea, sail; being on land, settle. 随遇而安完成句子(1)She _(问了方向) and then tells her friends.(2)Tom went off _(朝着一个方向) and Harry in another.(3)He did the work _.(在我的指导下)asks direction in one direction under my direction A smile is the sho

29、rtest distance between two people.微笑是两个人之间最短的距离。重点短语1come upThe sun has come up.太阳升上来了。The farmers will come up to Beijing.那些农民要上北京。联想 come up 上升；上来；(从乡下)上(城市)；(种子等)长出 地面；被提出。come up with (人)找到或提出(答案，方法等)come about 发生 come up to 到达come back 回来 come across (偶然)碰到，遇见come on 加油；出现；出场；开始come out (照片上)显露

30、；结果是；出版come to/round 恢复知觉用come的有关短语填空(1)Would you my flat for a visit?(2)The question _ at the meeting whether we had enough money.(3)She new idea for increasing sales.(4)We should think of the problems that may _ in the future.(5) Can you tell me how the accident ？come up to came up came up with a

31、come up came about 各种鬼的英文表达1)demon 2)lazybones 魔鬼 懒鬼3)alcoholic 4)drunkard 酒鬼 醉鬼5)chain smoker 6)naughty child 烟鬼 淘气鬼7)troublemaker 8)vampire 捣蛋鬼 吸血鬼9)coward 10)gambling addict 胆小鬼 赌鬼11)lecher 色鬼2.make use of 利用Most of the waste can be made use of.大多数废物可以利用。联想 make full use of 充分利用make good use of 好

32、好利用make the best use of 尽量利用be of great use 很有用come into use 开始被使用be in use 在使用中bring/put.to use 使投入使用完成句子(1)我们工厂对机器人的使用与日俱增。Our factory is_robots.(2)她开始考虑怎样利用它。She began to consider .(3)我们必须好好利用我们有限的时间和金钱。We must .(4)人类，尤其是中国人，应该充分利用其自然资源。Human beings,especially the Chinese,should _ their natural r

33、esources.making increasing use of what use could be made of it make good use of our limited time and money make full use of 3.because of becasue of 因为.后面跟n./pron.作状语.because后面跟从句, 作原因状语。 联想 due to+n./pron.由于;作表语或状语,不可放于句首 thanks ton./pron. 多亏,由于;作表语或状语 owing ton./pron. 由于;作表语或状语 as a result of 因为的结果

34、;作状语 on account of 因为;作状语 result from因为 by reason of由于(作状语)用because/because of填空(1)He realized she was crying what he had said.(2)The light went out，_ the oil was out.(3)Weve made such great progress your help.because of because because of 考试题(2007浙江)The open-air celebration has been put off_the bad

35、 weather.Ain case of Bin spite ofCinstead of Dbecause of答案与解析：DThe openair celebration has been put off的原因是the bad weather，因此用because of。其他选项中，in case of意思是“以防；instead of意思是“代替；in spite of意思是“尽管。D各种版本的“我再也不相信爱情了正常版：I will never ever believe in love. 四六级作文高分版:Never will I believe in love any more. 托福

36、版：Id rather die than believe in love. 金山翻译版：I do not believe love is the. 莎翁版：Oh love, never shall I believe in thee！(2021杭州质检)Ill never forget such an attractivecity_ I spent many happy hours there with myclassmates last summer holidays.Athat BwhereCin which Dbecause答案与解析：D根据上下文语意知后面是原因状语从句。 D4. be

37、lieve it or not 信不信由你完成句子(1)信不信由你，那个老人原来是个贼。_,the old man turned out to be a thief.(2)布朗先生昨天回来了，信不信由你，他失踪了好几年。Mr.Brown came back home yesterday._,he was gone for years.Believe it or not Believe it or not 5.play a part(in) 扮演一个角色;参与;充当作用 联想 play a role in 扮演角色；充当作用 act a part/role in扮演一个角色；装腔作势根据汉语意思

38、完成英文句子。(1)刘德华将在那部电影中扮演一个角色。Andy Liu in that movie.(2) 在我们的日常生活中起着重要的作用。Mobile phones are_in our daily life.will play a part playing an important part 考试题(2021浙江六校联考)Former US president Jimmy Carter played an important _ in establishing ChinaUS ties.Agame BcardCrecord Drole答案与解析:D play an important r

39、ole in在方面起了重要作用。D6.at present It was based more on German than the English we speak _. 观察思考We do not have any more information at present. 目前我们没有进一步的消息。The situation for college students is very serious at present. 对于大学生来说形势是很严峻的。at present老师在黑板上写下woman without her man isnothing让学生给这句话加标点符号。男生加完标点 W

40、oman, without her man, is nothing.(女人，如果没了男人,什么也不是.) 女生加完标点Woman!Without her, man is nothing.(伟大的女人！没有她，男人什么也不是。)归纳总结at present意为:_。at the present time (=for the present) 眼前,暂时be present at the meeting 出席会议be present to mind 放在心里；记忆犹新be present to 出现在上present sb.with sth. 把某物赠给/颁发/授予某人present sth.to

41、 sb. 把某物颁发给某人present sth.to sb. 向某人提交出某物present sth. 展现某物目前，眼下即学即用1出席这次会议的大局部人是科学家。 Most of the people_were scientists.2她现在很忙，不能同你说话。 Shes busy_and cant speak to you.present at the conferenceat present7.more than Do you know that there is one kind of English? 观察思考 More than 100 scientists attended t

42、he meeting. 有100多位科学家参加了这次会议。 He is more than a writer;he is also a professor. 他不仅仅是位作家，还是一位教授。 They were more than glad to help. 他们非常乐意帮助。 The fox is more sly than clever. 与其说狐狸聪明，不如说它狡诈。more than归纳总结(1)more than+数词，意为“_，相当于over。(2)more than+名词，意为“_，相当于not only。(3)more than+形容词，意为“_，相当于very。(4)more

43、.than.意为“_，在此结构中,肯定的是more后面的内容,而否认的是than后面的内容。(5)no more than只不过,仅仅not more than不超过,至多other than不同于；除了 rather than而不是no less than和一样,不少于no other than恰恰是,正是less than不到,少于后接数词,与more than相对超过，不止不仅，不只非常，极其与其说不如说典型句式运用1.Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same ki

44、nd of English.以英语为母语的人,即使所讲的英语种类不尽相同,他们也可以互相理解。 考点提炼 本句中的even if相当于_,意为“_，引导让步状语从句。even if/though所引导的让步状语从句可用现在时代替将来时。even though即使,尽管 You might be worthless to one person, but youre priceless to another.Dont forget your value. 你可能一个人面前一文不值，却在另一个人面前是无价之宝。谨记自己的价值所在。Even though/if he had got a good jo

45、b, he still wants to look for a better one.即使他找到了一份好的工作，他还想找更好的。联想even ifeven though即使,尽管;引导让步状语从句as ifas though好似,似乎,仿佛;引导方式状语从句或表语从句even now 即使现在，尽管如此even so 即使如此even then 即使那时，尽管这样考试题(2021宁波质检)I wont give you such help _ you tell me the truth. Its beyond my ability.Awhen BsinceCif Deven if答案与解析：D

46、根据句意：即使你说出实情我也帮不了你。我无能为力。知D项正确。 D2.Believe it or not，there is no such thing as standard English.信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。believe it or not信不信由你。常在句中作插入语。这句口语用在说话者要告诉对方一件事，但这件事连说话者自己都觉得难以置信时，所以在告诉对方这件事之前，先加上believe it or not。如：Believe it or not,I saw my favorite movie star in the street.信不信由你，我在街上见到我最喜欢的影

47、星了。Brian is not a man to trust, believe it or not!布莱恩不是一个值得信赖的人，信不信由你。Believe it or not, the price of this kind of cellphone will greatly drop down in half a year.信不信由你，这种 的价格半年以内将大幅度下降。常见的插入语有：honestly speaking老实说 generally speaking 一般来说frankly speaking 坦白地说 judging from/ by 从来判断to tell you the tru

48、th 说真的；老实说to be honest 说实在的 to make matters worse 更糟糕的是 考试题(1)(2021浙江)_, the pay isnt attractive enough, though the job itself is quite interesting.AGenerally speaking BOn the contraryCIn particular DTo be honest答案与解析：D句意：说实话，这点工资没有足够的吸引力，但工作本身还是非常有趣的。to be honest往往引导转折句，其他选项明显不合题意。D(2)(2021安徽)Im am

49、azed to hear from my school teacher again. _， it is ten years since we met last.AIn a word BWhats moreCThats to say DBelieve it or not答案与解析：D句意：想不到又一次收到学校老师的来信，信不信由你，我们上一次见面还是在十年前。in a word总之；whats more而且；thats to say也就是说；believe it or not信不信由你。 DWin a few, lose a few. Thats life! 有得，有失！这才是生活！3.It i

50、s not easy for a Chinese person to speak English as well as a native English speaker.对中国人来说，想把英语说得像英国人一样好，并不是件容易的事。考点提炼 本句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是_。该句是句式“It is/was+adj.(+for sb.)+to do.的具体应用，for sb.表示不定式to do.的动作是由谁发出的。当作表语的形容词是表示不定式逻辑主语的特征,即形容词用来描述不定式行为发出者的性格、品行等时,要用“_句型。to speak English as well as a native

51、 English speakerIt is/was+adj.+of sb.+to do.此类形容词常见的有：kind,nice,clever,wrong,right,foolish,wise,stupid,rude,careless,brave,polite等。在这种句型中,sb.可以作句子的主语。4.This is because in the early days of radio, those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.这是因为在早些时候,人们期望电台节目中的新闻播音员英语说得很棒。 th

52、is/that is because.意为 “_,because.在句子中作表语，because引导一个表示_的句子。 that is why.后面跟的是表示_的句子, 译为“那是的原因。考点提炼这/那是因为原因结果irect Indirect Speech (requestcommand) 直接引语和间接引语祈使句和疑问句概念：直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语时，句子的谓语动词要根据语境选用含有祈使意义的动词，如tell, ask, order, advise, remind, request,suggest, insist等，引语的动词改成不定式如果祈使句为否认式，在动词不定式前加not直接

53、引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序，句末用句号，主语的人称、时态和状语等也要作相应的变化。1.如果直接引语为比较客气的请求其中常用please)时，转变为：ask sb. (not) to do sth.He said to me, Shut the window, please. He asked me to shut the window.2.如果直接引语表示的是平等关系的人之间一般的要求时，转变为:tell sb. (not) to do sth. The teacher said to the students, “Stop talking!The teac

54、her told the students to stop talking.3.如果直接引语表示的是比较强硬的指令要求(如上级对下级)时,转变为:order sb. (not) to do sth. The officer said, “Go away. The officer ordered us to go away.4.直接引语如果是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,谓语动词是say或 said时,要改为 ask 或asked,原问句变成由连词if或 whether引导的宾语从句.没有间接宾语的,可以根据情况加上.He said, Are you interested in English?

55、He asked (me) if I was interested in English.She said, Did you see him last night? She asked (me) whether I had seen him the night before.用法归纳及本卷须知：.当祈使句的直接引语变为间接引语时，其人称、时间状语和地点状语等的变化还应根据陈述句直接引语变间接的方法进行相应地改变。One of the doctors said ,Let me go on with the operation, Dr. Smith. One of the doctors aske

56、d Dr. Smith to let him go on with the operation.(该句直接引语中有个称呼语Dr. Smith，一般把它当作宾语用祈使句的间接引语复原为直接引语时，也应该遵循陈述句间接引语变直接引语的方法。Wei Fang asked him to give it to her. “Give it to me, please, Wei Fang said to him.2.当直接引语是祈使句时，变成间接引语的要点是:去掉引号要加to, ask, order须记住,直引假设是否认式,not 加在to前面。3.祈使句中的please在间接引语中必须省去.“Please

57、 tidy the lab, she said. She asked me to tidy the lab.4.有些表示建议、要求或劝告的祈使句变为间接引语时，可以用suggest, insist, offer ,advise等动词加以转述，此时注意这些词的固定搭配。He said, “Lets go to the park. He suggested (our) going to the park.He suggested that we (should) go to the park.He advised us to go to the park.5.直接引语如果是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语

58、时,仍用原来的疑问词引导.“What do you want? he asked me. He asked me what I wanted.“When did you go to bed last night? Father said to Anne. Father asked Anne when she went to bed the night before.Do exercises1.The man shouted, You dont make so much noise!The man _too much noise.A. ordered them not to makeB. told y