2023年人教版七年级上册英语语法知识及习题

1、PAGE PAGE 11七年级上册英语语法知识及习题英语的十大词类.词类英语名称意义例词名词Noun (n.)表示人或事物的名称boy, pencil, book, 冠词Article (art.)用在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人或事物a (an), the代词Pronoun (pron.)用来代替名词we, that, his, what形容词Adjective (adj.)用以修饰名词，表示人或事物的特征 old, red, fine, good数词Numeral (num)表示数量或顺序one, thirteen, first, ninth动词Verb (v.)表示动作或状态look, g

2、o, be(am, is, are)副词Adverb (adv.)修饰动词、形容词或其他副词not, too, here, often介词Preposition (prep.)表示名词、代词等和其他词的关系in, on, of, to, under连词Conjunction (conj.)用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句与句and, or, but感慨词Interjection (interj.)表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感oh, hello, hi英语句子成分：组成句子的各个局部即句子成分。句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语等。一、主语subject: 句子说明的人或事物

3、。1.Bobhasa soccer ball . 鲍勃有一个足球。名词2.He likes dancing.他喜欢跳舞。代词二、谓语predicate: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征，谓语一般是动词。1.We study English. 我们学习英语2. He isasleep. 他睡着了。三、表语predicative:表示主语“是什么或者“怎么样，表语前面的动词称为系动词。“系动词+表语一块称为谓语。 1. He is a teacher.他是个老师名词2. Five and five is ten.五加五等于十数词3.He is asleep.他睡着了形容词4.His father is

4、 in. 他的父亲在家副词5.The picture is on the wall.画在墙上。 (介词短语)6.That sounds good 那听起来很好。7.It looks nice . 看上去很好。常见的系动词有: be, sound听起来, look看起来, feel(摸起来，smell闻起来, taste尝起来、吃起来, feel感觉 .四、宾语：动作、行为的对象1.I like China.我喜欢中国。名词2.You can help me. 你能帮助我。代词3.How many do you need? We need two. 你们需要多少？我们需要两个。数词4. I li

5、ke playingsoccer. 我喜欢踢足球。动名词5.I want to have an apple. 我想要吃个苹果。不定式双宾语间接宾语指人和直接宾语指物Toms mother buy himsome books.汤姆的妈妈给他买了一些书。五、宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。We will make them happy. 我们将让他们快乐。形容词His father help him to do his homework. 他的父亲帮他做家庭作业。带to不定式六、定语：修饰名词或代词的词、词组或句子。1. He is a Chinese teacher. 他是个语文老师。名词

6、2. He is our friend. 他是我们的朋友。代词3. I have three books. 我有三本书。数词4. He is a good student. 他是个好学生。形容词5.The boy in red is my brother. 穿红衣服的男孩是我的弟弟。(介词短语)七、状语：用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子。表示行为发生的时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式等。1.I go to school at seven oclock.我在七点钟上学。2.He reads the book in the room.他在房间里看书。3.I dont like thr

7、illers because they are scary. 我不喜欢恐怖片因为它们太吓人了。13 冠词：冠词是置于名词之前。冠词分为不定冠词a，an、定冠词the和零冠词三种。零冠词指的是不用冠词的情况。不定冠词表示“一，定冠词表示“这个，那个，这些，哪些。不定冠词的用法-1不定冠词有a和an两种形式。a用在以辅音开头的词前，an用在以元音开头的词前。判断一个词是以元音开头还是以辅音开头，是根据读音而不是根据字母。用于可数名词的单数形式前，表示一 There is a tiger in the zoo. 动物园里有一只老虎。an apple ,an orange ,an English bo

8、y ,你还能写出一些前边用an 的词吗？_不定冠词的用法-2 用在某些表示数量的词组中：a lot of 许多 a pair of 一双定冠词的用法1) 用于指谈话双方都知道的人或事物Open the door, please. 请把门翻开。2)用以复述上文提过的人或事物第一次提到用“a或an，以后再次提到用“theI have a pencil , the pencil is green .我有一支铅笔，这支铅笔是绿色的。3)用在序数词前January is the first month of the year. 一月份是一年当中的第一个月。4) 表示世界上宇宙中独一无二的事物the su

9、n 太阳 the moon 月亮 the earth 地球 the sky 天空 the world 世界5) 表示演奏乐器时，乐器的前面要加the play the piano 弹钢琴 play the violin 拉小提琴零冠词的用法1) 专有名词前一般不加冠词Tom 汤姆China 中国 Europe 欧洲2) 月份、周日、节日前一般不加冠词January 一月份 Sunday 星期日 Christmas Day 圣诞节 Thanksgiving 感恩节National Day 国庆节 May Day 劳动节比较： .on a Sunday morning. 在一个星期天的早晨. 表示

10、某一个。3三餐、四季前一般不加冠词I have lunch at school. 我在学校吃午餐。4球类运动不加冠词play basketball 打篮球 play volleyball 打排球 play football 踢足球时态概说 在英语中，不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，要用不同的动词形式来表示，这种动词的不同形式称为时态。 I am 14 this year. 今年我14 岁。 I was 13 last year.去年我13 岁。 He plays soccer every day.他每天都踢足球。 He played soccer yesterday.昨天他踢足球了。一般现在时

11、 一般现在时表示现在的状态，如：He is 12. She is at home. 表示经常的或习惯性的动作，如：I go to school at 7:30 every day. 表示主语具备的性格和能力等，如：She likes apples. They know English.动词的种类动词分为四种：连系动词, 实义动词, 助动词, 情态动词1连系动词：词义不完全，要和后面的表语一块构成谓语。如 be (am,is are)是，sound听起来，look看起来 She is my sister.That sounds interesting .听起来很有趣。2实义动词，有实际意义的动词

12、，能单独做谓语。如 see, ask, like I like bananas.3助动词：本身没有词义，帮助实义动词一起构成否认句，疑问句。如 do，doesI dont like chicken .Does he like apples ?4情态动词；本身具有一定意义，但不能单独作谓语，必须和实义动词一起构成谓语。can,能，会，must ,必须，情态动词后一定要用动词原形。I can speak English .I must find it . 我一定要找到它动词be的用法be 的用法口诀我用am，你用are，is连着他，她，它；单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。变疑问，往前提，句末问

13、号莫丢弃。变否认，更容易，be后not莫忘记。疑问否认任你变，句首大写莫迟疑。Be动词专项练习 用am,is,are填空：1.I_astudent._youastudent?No,I_not. 2.Thegirl_Jackssister. 3.Thedog_tallandfat. 4.Theman _ateacher. 5._yourbrotherintheclassroom? 6.Where_yourmother?She_athome. 7.How_yourfather? 8.Jane and Tom _ my friends 9. Where _ my pen ?10. Where _ m

14、y books ?11.That_myredskirt. 12.Who_I? 13. Thejeans_onthedesk. 14. Here_aphoto of my family . 15.Here_somesweatersforyou. 16.Theblackbook_forSuYang. 17.Thispairofsocks_20 dollars. 18.Thetwocupsofmilk_forme. 19.Sometea_intheglass. 20. How much _ the skirt?21 How much _ the trousers ?22. Mysistersname

15、_Nancy.23._DavidandHelenfromEngland? 24.There_agirlintheroom. 25.You,heandI_fromChina. 句型转换的方法一.肯定句变否认句1.句子中有be，在be后加not。) I am a student. I am not a student.2) They are blue . They arent blue.3) He is Tom. He isnt Tom 2.谓语是动词原形，在动词前加dont。) I have a book . I dont have a book.2) They like Chinese .Th

16、ey dont like Chinese.3) We come from China. We dont come from China.3谓语动词是第三人称单数，在动词前加doesnt，动词用原形。1)She has a basketball.She doesnt have a basketball2)Maria likes China. Maria doesnt like China.3)Jane comes from the U.S.A.Jane doesnt come from the U.S.A.练习：将以下句子变成否认句。1. I am a teacher. I _ a teache

17、r.2. We are students. We _ students.3. Jane is a girl. Jane _ a girl.4. They like English. They _ like Chinese5. I come from China. I _ come from China.6. He likes Chinese. He_ like Chinese.7. Maria comes from Cuba.Maria_ come from Cuba.8. We know Maria. We _ know Maria二.肯定句变一般疑问句句子中有be，把be提到句首1) I

18、am a student.Are you a student?2) They are blue.Are they blue?3) He is Tom.Is he Tom?2.谓语是动词原形，在句首加do。1).I have a book .Do you have a book?2) They like Chinese .Do they like Chinese?3) We comefrom China.Do you come from China? 3.谓语动词是第三人称单数，在句首加Does，动词用原形。1) She has a basketball .Does she have a bas

19、ketball?2) Maria likes China. Does Maria like China?3) Jane comes from the U.S.A.Does Jane come from the U.S.A?4) She knows Maria. Does she know Maria?练习:将以下句子变成一般疑问句。1. I am a teacher. _ _ a teacher?2. They are students. _ _ students?3. Jane is a girl. _ _ a girl?4. They like English. _ they like E

20、nglish?5. I come from China. _ you come from China?6. He likes Chinese. _ he_ Chinese?7. Maria comes from America. _ Maria _from America?8. We speak Chinese. _ you_ Chinese?三.一般疑问句做肯定,否认答复1.Are you Maria ? 肯定答复：Yes , I am.否认答复：No,Im not.2.问句和答语的动词保持一致.1) Are you a student?肯: Yes, I am. 否： No, Im not

21、.2) Is he Jack ?肯：_. 否：_.3) Do they like Chinese?肯：_. 否：_.4) Does she have a basketball ?肯：_. 否：_.3.问句和答语中的主语保持一致。必须用主格1) Is Jane from the U.S.A?肯:Yes, she is. 否:No，she isnt. 2) Does Li Hua come from China?肯：_. 否：_. 3) Do Jane and Maria like China?肯：_. 否：_. 4) Is this a ruler?肯：_. 否：_.5) Is that a d

22、esk? 肯：_. 否：_.6) Are these books?肯：_. 否：_.7) Are those pencils?肯：_. 否：_.8) Are these erasers?肯：_. 否：_.9) Is that an orange?肯：_. 否：_.练习：给以下句子做肯定答复或否认答复。1.Are you a student? Yes, _ _ . No, _ _ .2. Do they like English? Yes, _ _. No, _ _ .3. Is Jane a girl? Yes,_ _. No, _ _. .4. Does Maria like China?

23、Yes, _ _ . No, _ _.5.Is Jenny a student? Yes ,_ _ No , _ _ .6.Is that a girl? Yes , _ _No , _ _.7.Are those telephones? Yes , _ _ No , _ _ .8.Does Tom know Jane? Yes , _ _ No , _ _.9.Do they come from the U.S.A? Yes , _ _ No , _ _.10.Is this an egg?Yes , _ _ No , _ _四.对划线局部提问. 口诀：一选二变三问号: 一选是分析句意，先选

24、疑问词，代替划线局部划线局部去掉，二变是把剩余局部变成一般疑问句疑问词作主语时除外，第三步加上问号。练习 ：对划线局部提问1. The shoes are black_2. She is my teacher. _3 My keys are on the sofa._4. Lily is in the classroom._5. I am fine. _6. That boy is Tom. _10. Her telephone number is 88828539. _11. The skirt is 12 dollars _12. She is 12 years old. _13. His

25、 name is Jim Green ._14. My birthday is on December,24_1.My name is Nancy. _ _ your name?2.I am from China. _ _ you from?3.I am fine . _ are you?4. Miss.Wang is our English teacher._ is your English teacher?5.Lucy is ten years old. _ _ are you?6.It is yellow . _ _is it？7.My telephone number is 58050

26、00._ _ your telephone number?8.They are cars . _ are they?9.This is mycap. _ cap is this?10.My favorite movie star is Bruce Lee. _ is your favorite movie star ?五.同义句转换.1.Please give Jane the book.Please _ the book _ Jane.2. This is my book. This book is _3. He has short hair. _ is short.4. My ruler

27、is not long. My ruler is_5. This jacket is not new. This jacket is _6.My English teacher is old . My English teacher is not _.六.单复数转换.1.将以下句子变成复数. It is a box . _ _ _. This is a ruler. _ _ _. That is an eraser. _ _ _. He is a student._ _ _. .2.将以下句子变成单数。1.They are pencils._ _ _.2.These are erasers.

28、_ _ _.3.They are boys. _ _ _.4. They are girls . _ _ _.5.Those are books. _ _ _.6.These are desks. _ _ _.7.These are boxes. _ _ _.8.Those are cars. _ _ _.六. 仿照例句改写以下句子。She is in the classroom .否认句： She is not inthe classroom.一般疑问句： Is she in the classroom?答复：Yes, she is. (No, she isnt)1. I am a stud

29、ent .否认句：_一般疑问句：_肯、否认答复：_2. This is my book.否认句：_一般疑问句：_肯、否认答复：_3. They are on the desk.否认句：_一般疑问句：_肯、否认答复：_4.The pen is red.否认句：_一般疑问句：_肯、否认答复：_八改写句子1. Those are my books. 否认句：_一般疑问句：_肯、否认答复：_变单数：_划线局部提问：_2. She is my good friend.否认句：_一般疑问句：_肯、否认答复：_变复数：_划线局部提问：_3. The pen is in the desk.否认句：_一般疑问句

30、：_肯、否认答复：_变复数：_划线局部提问：_动词have , has 的用法用法一. have强调所属关系，主语常为人或物。意为“有当主语是第三人称单数，并且只有当句子为肯定句时，动词“有用has，当主语不是第三人称单数时，以及否认句和疑问句中用一律用have一用have或has填空：1. She_some balls. 2. They_a nice garden. 3.Miss Li doesnt_an English book.4. What does Mike_? 5. My father_a story-book。6. My parents dont_ any nice pictur

31、es. 7. Davids friends_a basketball.8.David_some jackets.二仿照例句句型转换：1.We have a baseball.变一般疑问句 Do you have a baseball ?肯定答复 Yes ,I do .否认答复 No , I dont .否认句 We dont have a baseball .对划线局部提问 What do you have ? 2.David has a ruler .变一般疑问句 Does David have a ruler ?(注意has变成 have)肯定答复 Yes , he does .否认答复

32、No , he doesnt否认句 David doesnt havea ruler .(注意has变成 have)对划线局部提问 What does David have?(注意has变成 have)练习：1.Eric has some nice photos.变一般疑问句_肯定答复 _否认答复 _否认句 _对划线局部提问_2.Her friends have many books.变一般疑问句_肯定答复 _否认答复 _否认句 _对划线局部提问_3.Our school has a library.变一般疑问句_肯定答复 _否认答复 _否认句 _对划线局部提问_4.Lucy has an o

33、range skirt.变一般疑问句_肯定答复 _否认答复 _否认句 _对划线局部提问_用法二. Have和has除了意思为“有外，还可以表示“吃或喝1.吃早饭 _ 2.吃午饭 _ 3.吃晚饭_用法三Have也可以和表示某种活动的名词连用，意为“举行7.上课 _ 8.举行生日聚会_句型转换1.I have some fish for lunch every day.变一般疑问句_肯定答复 _否认答复 _否认句 _对划线局部提问_2.Lily has apples for dinner.变一般疑问句_肯定答复 _否认答复 _否认句 _对划线局部提问_(三) 动词like 的用法仿照例句句型转换：

34、1.They like ice cream.变一般疑问句 Do they like ice cream?肯定答复 Yes ,they I do .否认答复 No ,they dont .否认句 they dont like ice cream .对划线局部提问 What do they like ? 2.She likes vegetables.变一般疑问句Does she like vegetables?(注意likes变成like)肯定答复 Yes ,she does .否认答复 No ,she doesnt .否认句 Shedoesnt like vegetables(注意likes变成

35、like)对划线局部提问 What doesshe like ? 练习：1. I like strawberries .变一般疑问句_肯定答复 _否认答复 _否认句 _对划线局部提问_2 .you like salad.变一般疑问句_肯定答复 _否认答复 _否认句 _对划线局部提问_3. Lily likes apples .变一般疑问句_肯定答复 _否认答复 _否认句 _对划线局部提问_4. His father likes pears.变一般疑问句_肯定答复 _否认答复 _否认句 _对划线局部提问_句型转换专项训练Her phone number is 2345167.(提问) _ _ p

36、hone number?I am Jim Green.(同义句) _ _ _ Jim Green.This is an ID card. (提问) _ _ in English?This is Jims card. (同义句) _ _ is Jims.Her family name is Green. (同义句) Her _ _ is Green.They are Lucy and Lily. (同义句) _ _ _ Lucy and Lily.My last name is Green and first name is Jim. (同义句) _.Hes in Class One. (提问)

37、 _ _ _ he in?This is a nice flower. (同义句) _ _ _ nice .Thats my pencil case.(变否认句) _ _ my pencil case.Is this your dictionary? (变复数句) _ _ your _?Are you a teacher? (做肯定答复) _ , _ _.Five and two is seven. (提问) _ _ five and two ?The pencil is blue. (提问) _ _ _ the pencil ?Lily is my friend and Lucy is my

38、 friend , too. (同义句) Lucy and Lily _ _ _.This is a girl. (变复数句) _ _ _ girls.These are my friends. (变否认句) _ _ my friends.Mrs Green is Kates mother. (同义句) Kate is _ _ _ .Those are Toms photos. (变单数句) _ _ Toms photo.Thank you for your photos. (同义句) _ _ your photos.Those are Kates pens. (同义句) _ _ _ Kate

39、s .Shes my aunts daughter. (变复数句) _ my aunts _ .That womans Jims aunt. (提问) _ _ that woman ?a , is , family , this , of , photo , Davids(连词成句)_My books are in the bag. (变一般疑问句) _ _books in the bag ?His baseball is under the chair. (变复数句) _ _ _ under the chair .Your keys are next to the door. (变单数句)Y

40、our_ _ next to the door.The sweater is on the bed. (变一般疑问句) _ _ _ on the bed ?I need a hat. (变否认句) I _ _ a hat.There are some apples on the tree. (变一般疑问句) _ _ _ apples on the tree ?I know your pen is black. (变否认句) I _ _ your pen_ black .Are those bananas green?(做肯定答复) _ , _ _.Some apples are on the

41、bed. (提问) _ _ on the bed ?We can see a bird in the tree. (变一般疑问句) _ _ _ a bird in the tree ?We have seven classes every day. (变否认句) We _ _ seven classes every day .He has two basketballs. (变一般疑问句) _ _ _ two basketballs ?She has a brother. (变复数句) _ _ a brother .Is there a map of China in your class?

42、(同义句) _your class _ a map of China ?He has a computer game. (变否认句) He _ _ a computer game .Mary does homework at home. (变一般疑问句) _ Mary _ homework at home? Sue has a sports collection. (变一般疑问句) _ Sue _ a sports collection ?I have seven balls. (变否认句) I _ _ seven ball.Jim likes sports. (提问) _ _ Jim _ ?

43、Lucy plays the guitar every day. (提问) _ _ Lucy play the guitar ?This game is relaxing. (同义句) _ is _ _ game . Terry has eight balls. (提问) _ _ balls _ Terry have ?She has two eggs for breakfast. (提问) _ _ she _ for breakfast ?This is a strawberry . (变复数句) _ _ _ _. Mother has French fries and ice cream. (变否认句) Mother _ _ French fries and ice cream .They dont l