2022年博士生入学考试英语试题

1、博士生入学考试英语试题及答案Part Directions: Choose the best answer (from A, B, C and D) to complete eachof the following sentences. Mark your choice with a single bar across thesquare brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1. Tom doesnt think that the situation here is as good as his hometowns. A. economi

2、cs B. economic C. economy D. economical2. the increase in the number of computers in our offices, the amount of paperLhat we need has risen as well. A. Along with B. Altogether C. Although D. All along3. The food was divided _ according to the age and size of the child. A. equally B. individually C.

3、 sufficienfiy D. proportionally commurllC att. rt4. Our new firm for a credible, aggressive individual with.great s!Is to fill this position. : A.have looked B. are looking C. is looking D. look5. Plastic bags are useful for holding many kinds of food, their c!ea-mess,toughness and low cost. A. by v

4、irtue of B. in addition to C. for the sake of D. as opposed to6: He _ hinzseLf bitterly for his miserable behavior that evening. A. repealed B. resented C. replayed D. reproached 7. Many of e fads of the 1970s as todays latest fashions. A. are being revived B. is revised C. are revoked. D. is being

5、reviled8. All of the international delegates attending the conference to bring a souvenirfrom their own countries A. has asked B,! asking C. were asked D. was asking9. Britain hopes of a gold medal in the Olympic Games suffered . yesterday, whenHunter failed to qualify during preliminary session. A.

6、 a severe set-back B. sharp set-back C. s severe blown-up D. sharp blown-up10. If you want to do well on the exam, you on the directions that the professorgives and take exact notes. A. will have concentrated B. have to concentrate C. will beconcentrated D. will be concentrating 11. What _ about tha

7、t article in the newspaper was that its writer showed an attitudecool enough, professional enough and, therefore, creel enough when facing that tragedy. A. worked me out B. knocked me out C. brought me up D. putme forward 12. Since his injury was serious, the doctor suggested that he in the game. A,

8、 did not play B, must not play C. not play D. not to play 13. According to the latest report, consumer c0nfidence a breathtaking 15 points last month, to its lowest level in ten years A. soared : B.mutated C plummeted : D. fluctuated 14. Our car trunk with suitcases and we could hardly make room for

9、 anything A. went cramming B. was crammed C. is cramming D. was been crammed 15. The secretary didnt know who he was, or she him more politely. A, will be treating B. would have treated C. was treating D. would have been treated 16. The instructions on how to use the new:machine that nobody seemed t

10、o be able to understand. ; simpli A. were v sfic B, was very confused C. were so confusing D. was so simplistic . i . 17. John played basketball in college:and . active ever since. A. have extremely been B.has been extremely C. will be extremely D: should extremely be 18. The of the spring water att

11、racts a lot:of visitors from all over the country, A. clash B. c larifyC. clarity D. clatter 19. _ the gift in beautiful green paper, Sarah departed for the party. A. Having wrapped B. To wrap C. Wrap D. Wrapping 20. The advertisement for Super Suds detergent that the sale has increased by 25% in th

12、e first quarter of the year. , A. have been so successful B. had been so successfulC. has been so successful D. will be so successful 21. Tom and Alice having a new car to replace their old one for years. A. has been dreaming of B. have been dreaming of C. has &eamed D. will have dreamed 22. Whenthe

13、 air in a certain space is squeezed to occupy a smaller space, the air is said to be A. commenced B. compressed C. compromised D. compensated 23. the heavy pollution, the cityofficialshave decided to cancel school for the day. . A.:Prior B.By means of 24. Our boss is taking everyone to the ballet to

14、night, and I need to make sure my new dress for the occasion. A. has been cleaned B. should have been Cleaned C. is being cleaned D. has been cleaning25. erry s mother kept telling him that in the street is dangerous, but he wouldnot listen. A. played B. will play C. playing D. been playing26. A kno

15、wledge of history us to deal with the vast range of problems confrontingthe contemporary world. A. equips B. provides C. offers D. satisfies27. He wouldnt even think of wearing clothes; they nake him look so old! A. same B. despite C. such D. that.28. Mary finalty decided all the junk she had kept i

16、n the garage. A. get rid B. gotten rid of C. getting rid of D. to get rid of 29. The team leader of mountain climbers marked out A. that seemed to be the best route B. what seemed to be the best route C. which seemed to be tile best route D. something that to be the best route 30. Tom Jones, who aro

17、und the world, will come to Asia next month. A. will be touring B. have toured C. had been touring D. has been touring31. The paint on the clowns face that it scared the children he was trying toentertain. A. was so exaggeration B. were an exaggerationC. was such an exaggeration D. was exaggerating3

18、2. Men often wait longer to get help for medical problems than women, andwomen live about six years longer than men on an average. A. instead of B. constantly C. consequently D. because33. The . emphasis on exams is by far the worst form of competition in schools. A. negligent B. edible C. fabulous

19、D. disproportionate34. There is conflicting information on how much iron women need in their diet. A. so much. B. so many C, too few D: a few35. It must guarantee freedom of expression, to the end that all to the flow ofideas shall be removed. A. prophecies B. transactions C. arguments D. hindrances

20、36. Not until the 1980s in Beijing start to find ways to preserve historic buildingsfrom destruction. A. some concerned citizens B. some concerning citizens C. did some concenfmg citizens D. did some concerned citizens37. After failing his mid-term exams, Jeremy was face his parents. A. too ashamed

21、to B. too embarrassing to C.very ashamed of . : : D. very embarrassing to38. My grandmother has been going to a better dentist, so this problems she ishaving with her dentures. A. wont eliminate B. will be elimination C. should have been eliminated D. should help eliminate 39. He told a story about

22、his sister who was in a sad when she was ill and had nomoney.A. plight B. polarization C. plague D. pigment40. During her two-week stay in Beijing, Elizabeth never a chrome to practice herChinese. A. passed by B. passed on C. passed out D. passed upPart II. Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: Rea

23、d the following pasages and then choose the best answer(from A, B, C and D) to complete each of the following sentences. Mark yourchoice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoringAnswer Sheet.Passage 1 British food has a good reputation, but English cooking has a bad one. I

24、ris difficultto explain the reon for this.Unformnately, however; superb raw ingredients are oftenmined h the kitchen s0 that:they come to the table without any of theh natural flavorand goodness. This bad reputation discourages a lot of people from eating in an English restaurant.If they do go to on

25、e: they ate usury full of prejudice against the food. Ks is a pity,because :there are: excellent cookSin England,exCellent restaurants, and excellenthome-cooking. How, then;has the bad reputauon been built up. Perhaps one reason iS that Bfitains InduStrial Revolution occurred very early, in therrddd

26、le of the nineteenth century. As a result, the quality of food changed too. This(wasbecause Britain stopped being a largely agricultural country. The population of the townsincreased enormously between 1840 and 1.870, and_people could no longer grow. theirown food, or buy it fresh from a farm. Huge

27、quantities of food had to be taken to thetowns, and a lot of it lost its freshness on the way. This lack of freshness was disguised by dressing up the food. The rich middleclasses ate long; elaborate meals which were cooked for them by French chefs. Frenchbecame, and has remained, the official langu

28、age of the dining room. Out-of-seasondelicacies were served in spite of their expense, for there, were a large number ofextremely wealthy people who wanted to establish themselves socially. The look ofthe food was more important than its taste. In the 1930s, the supply of servafftS began to decrease

29、. People still tried to producecomplicated dishes, however, but they economized on the preparation time. The Secondorld War made things even worse by making raw ingredients extremely scarce. As aresult, there were many women who never had the opportunity to choose a piece of meatfrom a well-stocked

30、butchers shop, but were content and grateful to accept anythingthat was offered to them. Food rationing continued in Britain until the early 1950s. It was only after this hadstopped, and butter, eggs and cream became more plentiful, and it was possible to travel P eabroad again and taste other ways

31、of preparing food, that the English mdfferenc toeating became replaced by a new enthusiasm for it.41 According to the author, it is difficult to explain . A. why excellent ingredients are spoiled in the process of cooking -B. why people do not like English cooking C. why British food often has a nat

32、ural flavor D. why people prefer home-cooking to ready made food42. The negative effect of Britains Industrial Revolution on English cooking is that A. the population in the countryside decreased dramaticallyB. people no longer grew their own food on their own farms C. the freshness of food was lost

33、 on the way to the cities D. Britain was no longer an agnSculmral country43 As a result of the Industrial Revolution, A. more attention was given to the look of the food . B. French became the official language .in English restaurants C. a large number of extremely wealthy people ate in French resta

34、urants D. out-of-season delicacies became very expensive44. The Second World Wm worsened the problem because A. there was an increasing demand f6r serv-ants B. there was a lack of raw ingredient supply C. many women refused to choose meat from butchers shops D. French chefs dominated English restaur

35、ants45. A new enthusiasm for eating emerged in Britain A. when many women fmaUy had the opportunity to purchase fresh meat from a i well-stocked butchers shop. B. when butter, eggs and cream became available C. when people started traveling to other cities . D. after the early 1950s -Passage 2 In hi

36、s typically American open style of communication, Mr. Hayes confrontedIsabeta about not looking at him. Reluctantly, she explained why. As a newcomer fromMexico, she had been taught to avoid eye contact as a mark of respect to authorityfigures teachers, employers, parents. Mr. Hayes did not know thi

37、s. He then informedher that most Americans interpret tack of eye contact as disrespect and deviousness.Ultimately, he convinced Isabela to try and change her habit, which she slowly did. People from many Asian, Latin American, and Caribbean cultures also avoid eyecontact as a sign of respect. Many A

38、frican Americans, especially from the South,observe this custom, too:A masters thesis by Samuel Avoian, a graduate student atCentral Missouri State University, tells how misinterpreting eye-contact customs canhave a negative impact when white football coaches recruit African American playersfor the

39、teams. He reports that, when speaking, white communicators usually look away from thelistener, only periodically glancing at them. They do the opposite when listening theyare expected to look at the speaker all the time ManyAfdcan Americans communicate inan opposite way. When speaking, theytend to c

40、onstantly stare at the listener; when listening; theYmostly lo0k away. Therefore,if v&ite sports recruiters are not informed about these significant difference, they can bemisled about interest and attentiveness when interviewing prospective African Americanballplayers.In mulficulmral America, issue

41、s of. eyecontact have brought about social conflictsof two. different kdnds: in ,many urban centers,.non-Korean customers .became angz-ywhen Korean shopkeepers did not look at: them directly. The customers translated thelack of eye contact as a sign of disrespect,a habit blamed for contributing toth

42、e openconfrontation raking place between some Asians and African Americans in New York,Texas, and California. Many teachers too have provided stories about classroomconflicts based on their misunderstanding Asian and Latin American children,s lack of eye contact as being disrespectful. On the other

43、hand, direct eye contact hasnow takenon a newmeaning among theyounger generation and across ethnic borders: Particularly in urban centers, when oneteenager looks directly at another, this. is considered a provocation, Sometimes calledmad-dogging, and can lead to physical conflict. Mad-d0gging has be

44、come the source of many campus confficts.: In one high school,it resulted, in. a fight between Cambodian newcomers and African-American students.The Cambodians had been staring at the other students merely to learn how Amerienas behave, yet the others misinterpreted the Cambodians intentions and the

45、 fight began. Mad-dogging seems to be connected with the avoidance of eye contact as a sign ofrespect. Thus, in the urban contemporary youth scene, if one looks directly at another,this disrespects, or disses, that person. Much like the archaic phrase I demandsatisfaction, which became the overture

46、to a duel, mad-dogging may become a preludeto a physical encounter. At the entrances to UniversalStudios City Walk attraction in Los Angeles, theyhave posted Code of Conduct signs. The second rule warns against physically orverbally threatening any person, fighting, annoying others through noisy or

47、boisterousactivities or by unnecessary staring . 46. Many African Americans from the South _ . A. adopt a typically American open style of communication B. often misinterpret the meaning of eye contact C. avoid eye contact as a sign of respect D. are taught to avoid eye contact whenever talldng to t

48、he others47. When listening to the others, white communicators tend to. A. look at the speaker all the time B. glance at the speaker periodically C. look away from the speaker D. stare at the s per:drer.:48. Many customersin American cities are angry with Korean shopkeepers because A. Korean shopkee

49、pers do not look at them directly B. they expect a more enthusiastic recelSfi0n from the shopkeepers C-. there are some social conflicts in many urban centers D. they are not informied about difference between cultures49. Mad-dogging refers to _A. a provocation from one teenager to another of a diff

50、erent ethnic background B. physical conflict among the younger generation in urban centers C. a lack of eye contact as a sign of respect D. the source of many campus conflicts across ethnic borders in urban centers50. The archaic phrase ,I demand satisfaction A. was connected with the avoidance of.

51、eye contact B. often led to a fight C. was. asign of disrespect: D. often resulted in some kind of misinterpretationPassage 3 When television is good, nothing not the theatre, not the magazines, ornewspapers- nothing is better. But when television is bad, nothing is worse. I invite youto sit down in

52、 front of your television set when your station goes on the air and staythere without a book, magazine, newspaper, or an2hing else to distxact you and keep tfyour eyes glued to that set until the station signs off. I can assure you that you willobserve a vast wasteland. You will see a procession of

53、game shows, violence, audienceparticipation shows, formula comedies about totally unbelievable families, blood andthunder, mayhem, more violence, sadism, murder, Western badmen, Western goodmen,private eyes, gangster, still more violence, and cartoons. And endlessly, commercials thatscream and offen

54、d. And most of all, boredom. True, you will see a few things you willenjoy. But they will be yery, very few. And ifyou think I exaggerate, try it. Is there no room on television to teach, to inform, to uplift, to Stretch, to enlarge hecapacities of our children? Is there no room for programs to deep

55、en the childrensunderstanding of children in other lands? Is there no room for a childrens news showexplaining something about the world for them at their level of understanding? Is thereno room for. reading g.the great literature . ofthe past,teaching them the great-traditions offreedom?There are s

56、ome fme childrens shows, but they are drowned out in the massivedoses of cartoons, violence, and more violence. Must these be your trademarks? Searchyour conscience and see whether you cannot offer more to your young children whosefuture you guard so many hours each and every day. There: are many pe

57、ople inthis: great country, and you must serve all of us. You willget no argument from me if you Say that, given a choice between a Western and asymphony, more people will watch the Western. I like :Westerns and private eyes,too .-but a steady diet for the whole country is obviously not in the publi

58、c interest. Weall know that people .would more often prefer to be entertained than stimulated orinformed. But your obligations are not satisfied if you lookonly to popularity as a test ofwhat to broadcast. You are not only in show business; you are free to communicate ideasas welt as to give relaxat

59、ion. You must provide a wider range of choices, more diversity,more alternatives. It is not enough to caret to the nations whims you must also servethe nations needs. The people own the air. They own it asmuch in prime evening timeas they do at six oclock in the morning. For every hour that the peop

60、le give youyouowe them something. I intend to see that your debt is paid with service.51. What the author advises us to do is to! A. read a book while watching television programs B. observe a vast wasteland on telev/sion C. watch all the programs of our television station D. find out why television