中考英语复习定语从句关系代词、关系副词讲解

1、定语从句一、语法框架10+9+810种词性 冠 名 树 动 形 代 副 连 介 叹9种词性 主 谓 宾 定 状 补 表 双宾 同位语8种句型 5种简单句 主 谓 宾 主 谓 双宾 主 谓 宾 宾补 主 谓 主 系 表 3种高级复合句 定语从句 状语从句 名词性从句定语从句1、定义：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟它所修饰的先行词之后。The man who is shaking hands with my father is a professor.该句中who is shaking hands with my father是定语从句先行词是the man Who是引导定语

2、从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中做主语。先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词，关系词在定语从句中指代先行词。关系代词：在从句中充当主干成分，从句不是完整的句子。指代人-who whose whom that指代物-which that whose关系副词：在从句中不充当主干成分，从句是完整的句子。指代其他-修饰时间 when 修饰地点 where 修饰原因 why关系代词引导的定语从句（1）关系代词的基本用法who指人，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时可省略。 One who has nothing to fear dares to tel

3、l the truth. Anyone who laughs last laughs best. The girl who I appreciate is called Mary.whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。 The professor whom you are waiting for has come. The girl whom the teacher often praises is our monitor. Which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时可省略。 The shopwhichsells all kinds of sports shoes has clo

4、sed down.The book which he wrote in 1935 still sells well. That指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中做主语或宾 语，做宾语时常可省略。 Is she the girl that sells newspapers? They planted some trees that didnt need much water. The gift that she treasured most is so distinctive.Whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。 I live next door

5、 to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise. You are the only one whose advice he might listen to . I will talk to the students whose homework hasnt been done.关系代词人物 充当的成分That主、宾Which主、宾who主、宾whom宾whose定（2）Whose指代物时，可由n+of which做同义替换The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

6、-The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?-Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?（3）介词+关系代词 引导的定语从句介词关系代词引导的定语从句, 关键是判断介词的选择.方法一:根据从句中动词与先行词习惯搭配方法二:根据从句中动词与先行词与介词的习惯搭配关系代词在定语从句中宾语时，从句有时由“介词+关系代词”引出。此时关系代词只能用which 或 whom; 不

7、可用that 或who 代替The school _he once studied in is very famous.The school_he once studied is very famous.There was nobody _ she could turn to in the dark.There was nobody _ she could turn in the dark.只能用that引导的定语从句 代词顺序问题最多先行词是everything、anything、nothing等不定代词，或当现行词有every、any、some、no、little、few、much、all

8、等不定代词或the very、the only、the last修饰时 Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li said? There seems to be nothing that is impossible for him in the world. All that can be done has been done. This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时 The first place that they visited was the Big Ben.

9、主句出现了who which 等疑问词时 Who is the man that is standing by the gate? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?现行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时 This is the best film that I have ever seen.先行词又有人又有物时 They talked about the persons and things that they remembered. Look at the man and his donkey that are walking along the str

10、eet.只用which的情况: 逗号后面 Jim passed the driving test, which surprised everybody in the office.The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake, which made us awake all night.He burst into my room without knocking at the door, which made me very angry.介词后面 The day on which he was born was Aug 20 ,1952. 关

11、系副词引导的定语从句关系副词的基本用法when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语。 I still remember the day when I first came to this school. Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night?Where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语。 This is the place where Lu Xun was born.This is the place where he works.Why指原因，在定语从句中原因状语，固定搭配the reason why。 T

12、his is the reason why he is late today. Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 当先行词是物时，既可以用关系副词引导定语从句，也可以用that或which引导定语从句，关键要看关系词在从句中作何种成分。若关系词在定语从句中充当状语，用关系副词引导；若关系词在从句中充当主语或宾语，则用that或which引导。Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night?Do you remember the d

13、ays that/which we spent together on the farm?关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用 介词+which 引导的定语从句来替换。Great changes has taken place in the city where they live.-Great changes has taken place in the city in which they live.I dont know the reason why he refuse the invitation.-I dont know the reason for which he refuse th

14、e invitation.限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句 没, 为限制性定语从句，对先行词起限定作用。 有, 为非限制性定语从句，对先行词没有限定作用，但起解释说明的作用。Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college. Her brother, who is now a soldier, always encourages her to go to college. 关系代词在限制性定语从句中做宾语可省略，在非限制性定语从句中做宾语时不可省略。 The book (that /which) I

15、bought yesterday is Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix. The book ,which I bought yesterday, is Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix.特殊情况：time做先行词It is the second time _ the president _ the country.There was a time _ there were no radios, no telephones or no TV sets.time做先行词常见句型It is the first ti

16、me that.从句用现在完成时 这是第一次. It was the first time that.从句用过去完成时There was a time when . 曾有段时间.The way 做先行词I dont like the way_ he talked to you. In which/that/省略 （关系副词）Please do the experiment in the way_ I have told you. Which/that/省略The way做先行词，关系词在定语从句中做状语时，关系词：In which/that/省略The way做先行词，关系词在定语从句中做主语

17、或宾语时，关系词：Which/that/省略The reason 做先行词The reason_he didnt attend the meeting was that he was ill. Why/for whichI dont believe the reason_he gave me. Which/that/不填Have you asked the reason_may explain his success. Which/thatWhere除了指代具体地点，还能指代地模糊空间概念Can you think of some cases_students obviously know t

18、he problem but cant work them out.I have reached a point_ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.It is a job_ you can do something serious but interesting.If a shop has chairs_women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.This is the point _I disagree.This is the point _I disagree with.非限定性定语从句中as和which的用法As is known to all, he is the best student.Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to ones health.Smoking is harmful to ones health, as we all know.Jim passed the driving test, which surprised everybody in the of