英语句子成分讲解

1、WordWord文档WordWord文档句子结构成份讲解及练习题主语：就是一个句子述的对象，主语：就是一个句子述的对象，或是动作的执行者。它回答的是“谁”什“么”的问题。如：我看书。谁看书？如动词不定式，动名词，代词都可作（代词）（动名词）“我”。“我”就是这句子的主语。主语由名词或相当于名词的词充当。主语，主语从句）主语（subject）如动词不定式，动名词，代词都可作（代词）（动名词）Thesunrisesintheeast.（名词）Helikesdancing.Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.（数词）Seeingisbelieving.Toseeisto

2、believe.不定式）Whatheneedsisabook.（主语从句）Toseeistobelieve.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）谓语：说明主语是什么，干什么，怎么样。它回答的是主语“干什么，是什么”的问题。如上句中主语“我”干什么？“看书”。“看书”就是谓语。一个句子，一般都可分成主、谓两大部分（祈使句是省主句）。再细分又可分成谓语（动词）、宾语，表语，补语（包括宾补和主补），定语，状语，同位语等。如第一例中谓语部分可划分成谓语（看）和宾语（书）。谓语部分中心词一定要是一个动

3、词，要么是行为动词，要么是系动词，不同的动词构成不同的句子类型。句子的各种时态、人称和数的变化都在谓语动词上变。谓语（predicate）:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.宾语：指谓语动词所涉及的对象，由名、代、数，宾语从句等相当于名词的词句充当，但人称代词要用宾格。如：还说上例。谓语动词是“看”，看什么？看“书”，“书”是动词“看”所涉及的对象，是“看”的宾语。需要说明的是：只有及物动词和介词或相当于及物动词和介词的短语才可带宾语。宾语：1）动作的承受者动宾likeChina.（名词）likeChina.（名词）Hehatesyou.（代词）H

4、owmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.（数词）Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ihopetoseeyouagain.（不定式）Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ihopetoseeyouagain.（不定式）Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake?Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3）双宾语间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemo

5、ney.名词性的词，也可以是从句。表语（predicative）:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。Heisateacher.（名词）Seventy-four!Youdontlookit.（代词）Fiveandfiveisten.（数词）Heisasleep.（形容词）Hisfatherisin.（副词）Thepictureisonthewall.（介词短语）Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.（形容词化的分词）Towearafloweristosay“Impoor,Icantbuyaring.（不定式）Thequestioniswhethertheywillco

6、me.（表语从句）（常见的系动词有:be,sound（听起来）,look（看起来）,feel（摸起来，smell（闻起来）,taste（尝、吃起表语：是和系动词紧密相连的。在述句中系动词后面的就是表语，这就是主系表”结构。作表语的也是来）,remain（保持，仍是）,feel（感觉）Itsoundsagoodidea.Itsoundsoundsstrange.Hervoicesoundssweet.Tomlooksthin.Thefoodtastesgood.NowIfeeltired.Thefoodtastesgood.NowIfeeltired.Thedoorremainsopen.ata

7、llboy中，tallatallboy中，tall修饰boy,tall是boy的定语。可作定语的有形容词、名词、畐恫、定语从句、分词等。不定代词的定语一律后置。定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。Heisourfriend.（代词）AiYanlingisachemistryteacher.Heisourfriend.（代词）Webelongtothethirdworld.Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.（畐Webelongtothethirdworld.Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.（畐U词）Theboysplayingfootba

8、llareinClass2.Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.（介词）（现在分词）Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.（过去分词）Ihaveanideatodoitwell.（不定式）YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.（定语从句）状语：修饰动词、副词、形容词甚至整句，说明谓语动作发生的时间、地点、方式、伴随状况、目的等等。如：他在灯下看书。在灯下”是状语。补语：补充说明主语或宾语的成份，补充说明主语的叫主语补足语，补充宾语叫宾语补足语。如：他把我逗笑了。Hemademelaugh.主语

9、：he;谓语：made;宾语：me;宾补：laugh.补语和它补充说明的成份之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，这可以把它和其它成份区分开。口：上句宾语me和宾补laugh之间，laugh的动作是me来做的。这就是一种逻辑上的主谓关系。把这两部分单拿出来可以成一句完整的话，即Ilaughed,宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。Weelectedhimmonitor.（名词）Weallthinkitapitythatshedidntcomehere.（名）Wewillmakethemhappy.（形容词）Wefoundnobodyin.（副词）Pleasemakeyourselfathome.介词短语）

10、Dontlethimdothat.（省to不定式）Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（带to不定式）Dontkeepthelightsburning.（现在分词）Illhavemybikerepaired.（过去分词）主补：对主语的补充。Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.rr365.语法是句子的框架，学语法应该说是学习语言的一个捷径。相对而言，句子的灵魂是词汇，学习是个长期积累过程，词汇积累更是如此

11、。学习也要讲究方法，活学活用，在运用中记忆，不能死记硬背。另外，语言都有些相通的地方，结合母语对照学习也很有效。Iwillgotheretomorrow.Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.Hedidnstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.Hegoestoschoolbybike.

12、Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.简单句的五个基本句型主语+不及物动词Shecame./Myheadaches.主语+及物动词+宾语ShelikesEnglish.主语+系动词+主语补语Sheishappy.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语ShegaveJohnabook.+宾语补语Shemakeshermotherangry.Sheboughtabookforme.主语+宾语补语Shemakeshermotherangry.Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.（There+beThereliesabookonthedesk.）Exe

13、rcises分析下列句子成分1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.ItisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyouAllofusconsideredhimhonest.4.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.5.Hebrokeapieceofglass.6.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity-Iloveyoumorethanher，child8.Teesturngreenwhenspringcomes.9.Theypushedthedooropen.10.Grandmato

14、ldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.11.Hewrotecarefullysomeletterstohisfriends.12.Allthestudentsthinkhighlyofhisteaching.13.Weneedaplacetwicelargerthanthisone.14.HeaskedustosinganEnglishsong.15.Dontgetnervous，helpyourselftowhatyoulike16.Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.17.HedidntcomeThatiswhyhedidntknow

15、18.Sheshowedushermanyofherpictures.19.Theoldmanlivesalonelylife.翻译练习：主谓结构（主语不及物动词）1你应当努力学习。2她昨天回家很晚。3那天早上我们谈了很多。4会议将持续两个小时。5在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。主谓宾结构（主语及物动词宾语）1昨晚我写了一封信。2今天下午我想同你谈谈。3这本书他读过多次了。4他们成功地完成了计划。5你们必须在两周看完这些书。主系表结构（主语系动词表语）11我的兄弟都是大学生。2冬季白天短，夜晚长。11我的兄弟都是大学生。2冬季白天短，夜晚长。WordWord文档WordWord文

16、档3布朗夫人看起来很健康。4十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。5孩子们，请保持安静。双宾语结构（主语双宾动词间接宾语直接宾语）1Johnson先生去年教我们德语。2.奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。3.Mary把钱包交给校长了。4.请把那本字典递给我好吗？5.他把车票给列车员看。复合宾语结构（主语动词宾语宾语补足语）1我们叫她Alice.2他的父母给他取名为John.3我们大家都认为他是诚实的。4他们把门推开了。5他们把小偷释放了。Therebe句型1今晚没有会。2这个村子过去只有一口井。3这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师。4客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。5天气预报说下午有大风。Word

17、Word文档WordWord文档1.主语系动词表语2.主语3.主语动词宾语宾语补足语5.主语及物动词宾语6.主语7.主语及物动词宾语8.主语9.主语动词宾语宾语补足语分析下列句子成分句子成分练习题答案分析下列句子成分13.主语及物动词宾语14.主语动词宾语宾语补足语15.主语系动词表语16.主语动词宾语宾语补足语17.主语系动词表语18.主语双宾动词间接宾语直接宾语19.主语不及物动词20.主语不及物动词21.主语系动词表语22.主语系动词表语23.主语及物动词宾语24.主语不及物动词25.主语及物动词宾语26.主语不及物动词27.主语双宾动词间接宾语直接宾语28.主语双宾动词间接宾语直接宾语

18、29.主语及物动词宾语30.主语动词宾语宾语补足语系动词表语4.主语双宾动词间接宾语直接宾语动词形式宾语it宾语补足语+宾语系动词表语10.主语双宾动词间接宾语直接宾语11.主语双宾动词间接宾语直接宾语12主语及物动词宾语翻译练习：主谓结构（主语不及物动词）1Youshouldstudyhard.Shewenthomeverylateyesterdayevening.3Thatmorningwetalkedagreatdeal.4Themeetingwilllasttwohours.5Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears

19、.6Thingsofthatsortarehappeningallovertheworldeveryday.7TheMayFourthMovementbrokeoutinBeijingin1919.8Classesbeginateighteveryday.9Thisboxweighsfivekilos.10IlivedinBeijingfiveyearsago.主谓宾结构（主语及物动词宾语）wrotealetterlastnight.wanttotalkwithyouthisafternoon.3.Hehasreadthisbookmanytimes.rr365.Theyhavecarried

20、outtheplansuccessfully.Youmustfinishreadingthesebooksintwoweeks.Thatgentlemencanspeakthreelanguagesfluently.receivedaletterfrommypenfriendinAustralia.Jimcannotdresshimself.AllofusbelievethatJackisanhonestboy.Hedidnotknowwhattosay.主系表结构（主语系动词主语补语）1Mybrothersareallcollegestudents.2Inwinter,thedaysares

21、hortandthenightsarelong.MrsBrownlooksveryhealthy.4Attheageoffifteenhebecameafamouspianist.5Children,keepquietplease.6ThisbookisaboutthehistoryoftheUnitedStates.7Herjobistolookafterthechildreninthenursery.8Heisoutofwork.9Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.10Thereportsoundsinteresting.双宾语结构（主语双宾动词间接宾语直接宾语）1MrJ

22、ohnsontaughtusGermanlastyear.2Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.3Maryhandedthewallettotheschoolmaster.4Wouldyoupleasepassmethedictionary?5Heshowedthetickettotheconductor.6ThistermIhavewrittenthreeletterstomyparents.7Myfatherhasboughtmeanewbike.8RobinsonCrusoemadehimselfaboat.9Willyoupleaseget

23、meanewcopy?10ShallIcallyouataxi?复合宾语结构（主语宾补动词宾语宾语补语）1WecallherAlice.2HisparentsnamedhimJohn.3Allofusconsideredhimhonest.4Theypushedthedooropen.5Theyhavesetthethieffree.6Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.7Heaskedustojoininthegame.8Iwantyoutotellmethetruth.9Theguardsorderedustoleaveatonce.10TomorrowIll

24、havesomeonerepairthemachine.11EverymorningwehearhimreadEnglishaloud.12Thepainmadehimcryout.13Wewontlethergooutatnight.14Hehashishaircutonceamonth.15Ilgletmyrecordermended.16Theterriblesoundmadethechildrenfrightened.17Sheislisteningtosomeonetellingstories.18heboyswerewatchingthesoldiersdrilling.19Ihaveneverseenthewordusedthatwaybe