高考英语形容词、副词讲解

1、高考英语形容词、副词讲解高考英语形容词、副词讲解高考英语形容词、副词讲解PART 形容词的语法功能形容词的基本用法高考中常出的考察热点和答题技巧：2021/4/132大飞囊2021/4/133形容词用法：The gorgeous car looks / is awesome！His idea sounds reasonable.The barber dyed her hair red. The naughty boy made his sister cry.The old have been taken good care of.定语 表语 宾语补足语 The+ adj表示一类人，做主语或宾语

2、 表语 2021/4/1341.名词+后缀 形容词1) ful: help-helpful, use-useful2) al: naturenatural3) able :reasonreasonable4)ce-t: patience-patient2.动词+后缀 形容词：interestinterestedinterestingamazeamazedamazing常见形容词后缀：-ing形容词一般修饰事物。 -ed形容词主语一般是人。5) ty- ious: curiosity - curious 2021/4/135练习1.She is a _ (nature) musician. 2

3、The man is a worker _(retire) last year. 3 .It will not be _(suit) for us to live in the world in the future.4.The kid was very _ (interest) in physics.5.We all find it _(importance) to learn English well . 6.Mary felt _(please), because there were many empty seats in the room. (2016年广东高考语法填空) 2natu

4、ralretiredsuitableinterestedimportantpleased2021/4/136在英语里,一般定语前置时的次序为:限定词，形容词、分词、动名词和名词性定语。但当几个形容词同时出现在名词之前,我们要注意其次序。其形容词遵循的词序为：限观形龄色国材，指：限定词（包括冠词，指示词数量）, 外观（美丽等）,形状（大小高矮肥瘦）,年龄；颜色；国籍；材料；用途。a famous American universityan interesting small old Italian paintinga new plastic bucket多个定语形容词排列顺序：2021/4/13

5、7其形容词排列遵循的词序为：限观形龄色国材，指：限定词（包括冠词，指示词数量）, 外观（美丽等）,形状（大小高矮肥瘦）,年龄；颜色；国籍；材料；用途。县官行令杀国才。2021/4/138。县官行令杀国才。一辆漂亮的黄色意大利小车。 那位魅力十足的年轻苗条的女士。a gorgeous small yellow Italian car that charming slim young lady. 2021/4/139表语形容词：它指的是那些只用于连系动词后作表语，而不能用于名词前作定语的形容词。英语中的表语形容词非常有限，归纳起来，主要有以下几类：1.某些以a-开头形容词: absent缺席的，a

6、fraid 害怕的 alive活着的 alone 单独的，ashamed 羞愧的 ， asleep 睡着的 ,awake 醒着的 ， alike 相似的请看实例： Dont be afraid of it. 别怕。He was alone in the house.他独自一人在家里。若要用作定语且具有以上意义，可改用其他形容词：误：an asleep child, an ashamed girl, an alive poet正：a sleeping child， a shy girl， a living poet2、某些表示健康的形容词fine 健康的ill 有病的well 健康的 faint

7、昏迷的 请看实例：he was ill and couldnt come 他病了，所以不能来。2021/4/13102021/4/1311 注意 ：very不能用来修饰表语形容词； afraid 害怕的，ashamed 羞愧的，除外。 He fell asleep completely. They were very ashamed of his behavior.Friends ， supper is ready now.They are fond of global tour.The twins look alike so much .English is well worth learn

8、ing.2021/4/1312 改正下列句中的错误I have to stay at home to look after my ill sister, who caught a bad cold the other day.解析：ill表示“生病的”意思时，只用作表语形容词，不能作定语。什么是表语形容词？sick2021/4/1313b表语形容词作定语要后置。把括号中的词放入恰当的位置All the people at the party were his supporters. （present）2021/4/1314c形容词修饰不定代词something,everything,anyth

9、ing, nothing，nobody等时，要位其于后面。如：Is there anything important in todays newspaper? 3任何聪明人 ： anybody smart ； 2.今天的报纸上有什么重要新闻吗？1.美好的东西:Something nice2021/4/1315D. enough做副词修饰形容词时，放在其修饰的形容词后面。 They are strong enough to performance the fierce game. The singer was wealthy enough to buy such a luxury vehicle

10、. 2021/4/1316例: _ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. (全国)Brave enough studentsB. Enough brave students C. Students brave enoughD. Students enough braveenough修饰形容词时要放在形容词之后，enough修饰名词时放在前后都可。2021/4/1317原级比较句型结构:1.“as+adj/adv+as” 一样 等级比较 2. not so(as)+adj/adv+as

11、.” 不如不等级比较 该句型常用来描述两个比较对象的 程度上的相似或不同(即平时说的“等级比较和 不等级比较”)。例如： My computer is not so(as) heavy as yours. 我的电脑不如你的重。2021/4/13182.“as many/few+可数名词复数+as”或 as much/ little(少的) +不可数名词+as。 前者描述数目上接近，后者描述量相近。例如： You may get as many books as you can.你能借多少书就借少。 “Drink as much water as you can.”the doctor said

12、 to him.医生对他说：“你要尽可能的多喝些水。2021/4/13192021/4/1320 You can t be too careful.You cant be careful enough.你越仔细越好。越就越好；怎么也不为过分：主语+cant be too+adj =主语+cant be+adj+enough2021/4/1321littleless不规则变化形式 much/manymore most farfartherfarthest bad/ill/badlyworse worstgood/wellbetterbestleast82021/4/1322词 尾 变 化原级比较

13、级最高级单音节词在词尾加-er(比较级)或-est(最高级)以不发音的字母e结尾的词加-r或-sttall hard large wide重读闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须先双写这个一个辅音字母，再加er或estbig hot thin fat wet 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，变y为i,再加-er,或-esthappy dry early narrow clever able多音节词和多数双音节词在其前面加more 和most difficult popular taller harder larger wider tallest hardest largest wides

14、tbigger hotter fatter wetterbiggest hottest fattest wettest happier drier earlierhappiest driest earliestnarrower clevererablernarrowest cleverestablestmore difficult more popular most difficult most popular少数以-er,-ow,-able结尾的双音节词,末尾加-er或-est规则变化 2021/4/1323原级goodwellbadillmanymuchlittlefarold比较级最高级

15、better bestworseworstless more mostfarther/furtherolder/ elderleast farthest/furthestoldest/ eldest不规则变化巧记：特殊形式比较级共有三对二合一坏病两多并两好little意思不是小一分为二有两个一是老来二是远2021/4/1324latelaterlatestfatfatterfattesthappyhappierhappiestdifficultmore difficultthe most difficultcarefulinterestingdeliciousbeautifulImportan

16、tpopularfine, nice, large,safe / big,thin heavy ,pretty, easy, thirsty,healthy 72021/4/1325比较级的用法:表一方超过另一方时, 用“比较级+than”结构；表一方不如另一方时, 用“less+原级+than”结构. This park is better than that one. This park is less cute than that one. 2. 比较级前可加修饰词much, even, a lot, a bit, a little, still, far, yet, by far, r

17、ather. 注意: by far通常用于强调最高级, 用于比较级时一般放在比较级后面; 如放在前面, 应在中间加the.2021/4/1326比较级考点：1. 表示“比.更”。用 比较级形容词+than+比较成分, than后的动词往往省略, 非正式用法than后人称代名词可用宾格。He is younger than me. 他比我年轻。I am a better swimmer than he（him）.2. 表“较.低; 不及.”用 less+原级形容词+than+比较成分。I am less young than he （is）.我不比他年轻。 3. 表两者之中“较.”, 用 the

18、 +比较级+of the two。This one is the bigger of the two houses.这所房子是两座房子中较大的。4. 定冠词/ 指示形容词+比较级+名词表示比较意义。The taller boy is John.那个身材较高的男孩子是约翰。5. 有少数以ior结尾的形容词, 如inferior（次于）, junior（年幼的;下级的）, prior（之前）, senior（年长的,上级的）, superior（优于）等及介词to连用。This method is superior to that one.这种方法优于那种方法2021/4/1327如: He is

19、 taller by far than his brother. He is by far the taller of the two brothers.His explanation is _.by far clearer B. clearer by farC.the clearer by far D. the clearer2021/4/1328比较形容词可以被副词如a little（一点）,much（得多）, even（更加）, still（更加）, far（.的多） , a lot, a bit, a great deal , rather，a little ，等修饰, 翻译: 现在的

20、生活简单得多了。Life is very easier than it was twenty years ago.Life is very much easier than it was twenty years ago.注意;fairly, very, quite 不修饰比较级,quite better除外。 凡是不能修饰比较级的副词，也不能用在too前面。2021/4/1329例：- How did you find your visit to the museum?- I thoroughly enjoyed it. It was _ than I had expected.A. far

21、 more interesting B. even much interesting C. more interesting D. a lot much interesting修饰比较级的副词有much , far, even, still, a lot, a little, yet, a bit, by far etc.2021/4/1330此时形容词都按多音节对待。2021/4/1331常考搭配：1.the+比较级, the+比较级 越，就越The harder you learn, the better your scores will be.The busier he is , the

22、 happier he feels.The more difficult the question is , the funnier the students appear. more and more. 越来越As summer is drawing near , daytime is getting longer and longer.2021/4/13323倍数表示法： 1) 倍数 + as +形容词原级 + as； 2)倍数 + 形容词比较级 + than； 3)倍数+ the+size/length/width/height/depth/cover+of。The dining hal

23、l is 3 times as large as that one.The dining hall is 2 times larger than that one.The dining hall is 3 times the size of that one.2021/4/13332021/4/1334倍数表达法特殊训练：2021/4/13352021/4/13364 .no more than Vs not more thanThis book is no more interesting than that one.这本书不比那本书更有意思。（两者一样没意思。）This book is n

24、ot more interesting than that one.这本书还不如那本书有意思。（还比不上本书有意思）2021/4/1337 5“否定 + 比较级” 表达的意思相当于最高级。 Wait until we get a satisfactory reply, will you? I couldnt agree more. The idea sounds great to me. “a + 比较级 + 名词（than）” 结构出现在以 never构成的完成时态的动词后面。 How beautifully she sings！ I have never heard a better vo

25、ice.最高级2021/4/1338-Are you satisfied with his answer?-Not at all. It couldnt have been_ (bad). worse2021/4/1339(2016) “The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be _ (sweet).”思路点拨: 这是否定词nothing及比较级连用表示最高级的概念，故填sweeter。句意是：“没有什么东西比这个更甜了”，也就是说“这是世界上最甜的水”。sweeter

26、2021/4/1340形容词最高级 ：(三个以上比较才有最高级) the+adj最高级 +of / in / amongeg. Their English teacher is the cleverest of all the teachers/ in the school/ among all the teachers. 有时形容词最高级前不是定冠词the，而是a/an,此时不是比较结果而是一种修辞手法，意为：极其，非常。 eg. She is a best friend of mine.2021/4/13411、 one of + the +adj.最高级 + n.（复）of / amon

27、g / in 意思“最 的之一” eg. Paper-making is one of the greatest inventions of ancient China. 2、the + 序数词 + adj.最高级 + n.（单） + in短语 “ 第几（长、大、远）” eg. The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.3、adj.最高级 可用在选择疑问句中，常用句型：Which/ Who A, B or C? eg. Which city is the biggest, Beijing, Shanghai or Chongqi

28、ng?4、当adj.最高级 前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格修饰时， 省掉最高级前的定冠词the。eg. Linda is my sisters best friend最高级常考考点：2021/4/1342 答题技巧2021/4/13431. (2014全国1语法填空) Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is (clean) than ever.2.( 2015四川 ) Andy is content with the toy. It is the (good) he ever got.3.(201

29、5全国II)-Mr.Stevenson is great to work for.I really couldnt ask for a (good) boss.cleanerbetterbest形容词比较级的标志词 形容词最高级的标志词否定词+比较级相当于最高级口诀:两者比较than相连,三者比较the在前。小结：一些题目可以直接通过 得到答案。标志词2021/4/13444.(2016山东)Be (reason)-you cant expect me to finish all this wok in so little time.5.(2014全国II) While there are (

30、amaze) stories of instant transformation .6.(2014年全国I改错题)The teachers here are kind and helpfully.helpful系动词后面用形容词作表语reasonable名词前面用形容词作定语系动词后面用形容词作表语amazing小结:形容词通常放在 后作表语 前作定语。系动词名词2021/4/1345合作探究 1.哪些小题及形容词有关？ 2.分别考查哪一个考点？ A.比较等级 B.形容词后缀 C.变为副词2021/4/1346高考链接2021/4/1347(2014全国新课标I 语法填空)Are you fa

31、cing a situa-tion that looks impossible to fix? In 1969,the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River Cleveland, Ohio. It 61 (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it 62 (actual) caught fire and burned. Now, years later, this river is one of 63 most

32、out-standing examples of environmental clean up. But the river wasnt changed in a few days64 even a few months. It took years of work 65 (reduce ) the industrial pollution and clean the water. wasactuallytheorto reduce2021/4/1348 Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is66 (

33、clean) than ever.Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you leave a habit 67 isdriving your family crazy. Possibly you drink too much or dont know how to control your credit card use. When you face such an im-possible situation ,dont you want a quick fix and something to change immediat

34、ely? While there are68 (amaze) stories of instant transformation , for most of us the 69 (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be 70 . (patience)cleaner amazingchanges patientthat/which 2021/4/1349 2016全国新课标I Are you facing a situation tha

35、t looks impossible to fix? In 1969,the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River Cleveland, Ohio. It 61(be)unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it 62 (actual)caught fire and burned. Now, ears later, this river is one of 63 most outstanding examples of e

36、nvironmental cleanup. But the river wasnt changed in a few days 64 even a few months. It took years of work 65 (reduce ) the industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is 66 (clean) than ever. Maybe you are facing an impossible situation

37、. Maybe you leave a habit 67 is driving your family crazy.(删减两句) While there are 68 (amaze) stories of instant transfor-mation, for most of us the 69 (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work,like cleaning up a polluted river.Just be 70 . (patience)62.考点一：及副词互换63.考点二：比较等级66.考点二：比较等级6

38、8.考点三：形容词后缀70.考点三：形容词后缀2021/4/13501什么是副词？ 翻译下列句子，划出句中的副词。1. When the lights are on, the city looks marvelous.2. Though frequently beaten by his opponent, he didnt lose heart. 3. He is pretty clever when it comes to repairs.4. Obviously, the murderer had a good knowledge of the crime situation.修饰动词，表

39、示动作发生的时间、地点、方式、程度等或表达状态的词叫副词。2021/4/1351副词2021/4/1352副词用来修饰动词, 形容词, 其他副词或整个结构。They always get up early. 修饰动词。 The kid was strong enough to lift such a rock 修饰 形容词。1什么是副词？2021/4/1353副词的位置：1） 在动词之后。2） 在be动词、助动词之后。3） 多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。4) 几个副词 程度 方式 地点 时间 We study hard at school every day.2副词的位置？2021

40、/4/1354形容词变副词规则：1.直接在形容词后面加ly：hopeful2.以辅音字母+y结尾, 变y为i,再加ly： angry easy 3.以辅音字母+ le结尾, e变y possible terrible slow slowly hopefullyangrilyeasilypossiblyterribly2021/4/1355especialexcitedamazingnaturalreal形容词副词especiallyexcitedlyamazinglynaturallyreally2021/4/1356将下列形容词转化为副词形式carefulloudsafequickslow第

41、一组：slowlyquicklycarefullyloudlysafely2021/4/1357第二组 ：happyluckyheavyangryeasyhappilyluckilyheavilyangrilyeasily2021/4/1358第三组：terriblegentlepossiblesimpleterriblygentlypossiblysimply2021/4/1359总结变化规则1.直接+ly2.以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词变y为i再 +ly3.有些以le结尾的形容词需要去掉e再+ y注意以下以ly结尾的形容词lovelyfriendlyuglylikely2021/4/1360

42、9/16/2022Adverb(副词)形容词转换成副词的规则副词的用法2.修饰整个句子1.修饰形容词，其他副词。3.修饰动词1.直接+ly2.以y结尾的形容词变y为i再+ly3.以-ble或le结尾的形容词去掉e再+ ySummary2021/4/1361副词的用法修饰形容词The panda is really lovely.副词形容词修饰2021/4/13621.They are really beautiful.2.They acted wonderfully in the TV play . 3.Regretfully,we can not talk to them face to f

43、ace.2021/4/13631.The clothes are_ (extreme) beautiful.2.I am _( terrible) sorry. 3.The boy _(serious) ill.terriblyseriouslyextremely2021/4/1364副词的用法-修饰全句Surprisingly ,the two little girls can draw so well. 副词修饰全句2021/4/13651._(natural), our parents are happy to get our phone call.Naturally2._(amazin

44、g), the tree did not die.Amazingly3._(lucky), a policeman found the boy.Luckily2021/4/1366He sings beautifully.副词的用法修饰动词副词修饰动词2021/4/13671. I got an A. Tomsaid _(happy).2. My race went _ (wonderful) from start to finish.3. We hope your children grow _ (healthy).happilywonderfullyhealthily2021/4/1368

45、注意：1)方式副词well; badly糟, 坏; hard等只放在句尾。He speaks English well.be badly ill/hurt/damaged/in need2)副词very 可以修饰形容词，但不修饰动词。改错： I very like English. I like English very much.2021/4/1369副词比较级和最高级用法同形容词基本一样。只是，副词最高级形式前的the 通常要省略。He runs fastest in our class.他在我们班跑地最快。 enough 即可当形容词也可当副词；We have enough time t

46、o finish our class.当副词时，放在其修饰的形容词后面： He used to be strong enough to lift a bull.2021/4/13706. Alan is a careful driver, but he drives_ of all my friends. (2017上海). A. more carefully B. the most carefully C. less carefully D. the least carefully2021/4/1371有的副词有两种形式： 形容词原形副词，和 adj+ly副词。后者倾向于抽象模糊的感觉：cl

47、ose及closelyclose意思是“近”； closely 意思是仔细地He is sitting close to me. Watch him closely.late 及latelylate意思是“晚”； lately 意思是最近You have come too late. What have you been doing lately?deep及deeplydeep是表空间深度； deeply表感情上的深度,深深地He pushed the stick deep into the mud. Even father was deeply moved by the film.2021/

48、4/1372wide及widelywide表空间宽度； widely意广泛地，在许多地方He opened the door wide.English is widely used in the world.free及freelyfree的意思是“免费”； freely 的意思是无限制地You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.You may speak freely; say what you likehigh及highlyhigh表空间高度; highly表程度, 相当于much。The plane was flying hig

49、h. I think highly of your opinion2021/4/1373 go to bed late. A late train2021/4/1374 选词填空： 1. “Open the door _, ”said the teacher. A. very wider, B.much widely. C .much wider D. more wider.2.The monitor told them to read the text _.loud B . aloud C .loudly D. louder.3. Look ， the kites flew so_(high, highly).4. The headmaster praised the boy_(high, highly)2021/4/1375I.形容词和副词的误用Complete the sentences.1. Hearing the news, he s