中考复习知识点-九年级

1、 九年级英语全册知识点小结 九年级英语全册知识点小结 九年级英语全册知识点小结PAGE PAGE 1081. some information（不可数名词）一些信息2. a pair of shoes一双鞋3. go along/ go down沿着4. on the right/left在右边 5. the third floor三楼 6. turn left/ right向左转 7. between and在之间 8. go past sp=pass. 走过 9. be excited to do sth. 做激动 11. start/ begin with从/以开始 12. sugges

2、t v suggestion(可数)advice（不可数）advise （动词 ） give sb. some advice/suggestions( on) 给某人提(有关的)建议13. come on加油 , 过来 14. pardon me请再说一次 16. on one s way to. 在去的路上17. pass by经过、路过 18. start doing开始干 19. come a little earlier来得更早点 20. (不定代词的修饰语后置) something to eat一些吃的东西 something unusual 一些不平常的东西21.（动词不定式做定语

3、）a good place to eat一个吃饭的好地方I dont have a partner to practice English with .我没有练习英语的搭档。22. central adj. center n.中心 central park中央公园21. east “东”名词 - eastern “东方的”形容词（south 南，north北，west西）in southern China 华南22. expensive 贵的 inexpensive 便宜的= cheapuncrowded不拥挤的 crowded23. ask sb for help寻求帮助 ask sb. (

4、not )to do sth 要求某人干24. polite (形)有礼貌的 politely 副词impolite 不礼貌的 比较级more polite25 . base on立足于以为根据 26. depend on取决于/依靠 27. park one s car停车 parking lot停车场28 . （on ）the way to. （在）去的路the way to do sth = the way of doing sth.干 的方法get in the way (of ) 妨碍，当道29. English-speaking说英语的spoken English 英语口语spea

5、king skills 口语表达能力30. wake up醒来 Wake sb.up 叫醒某人（Wake- woke- woken）31. be convenient to do做某事很方便 32. meet sb. for the first time第一次见到某人33. . notuntil直到 才 (主将从现)34. . It seems (that)+从句 似乎，好像 Seem to do sth 似乎干 Seem( to be) +adj. It seems that he is angry 他似乎生气了。=He seems (to be) angry.35. 问路和指路的常用句型：

6、Excuse me .Where is.the restroom?(厕所)Excuse me .How can I get to the restroom?Could you please tell me where the restroom is?Could you tell me how I get to the restroom.?Could you tell me the way to the restroom.?Could you tell me which is the way to the restroom?36. used to do sth. 过去常常be/get used

7、to sth./ doing sth.习惯于./做.use sth. To do sth 用 去干be used to do sth. =be used for doing sth 被用来做be used as 被当做 使用what are they used for ?他们被用来干什么？beusedwidely 被广泛使用37. be afraid to do sth= be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做be afraid of sth. 害怕38. notany more= no more not .any longer = no longer不再39. be frie

8、ndly to sb.(对某人友好的)40. make friends with sb. 与某人交朋友41.humor (n 幽默) -humorous ( adj 幽默的)help( n./v. 帮助)- helpful ( adj.有帮助的) shy(adj.含羞的) shyness( n. 含羞) ill( 生病的) -illness ( 疾病)busy(忙碌的) -business(生意) 42.silent ( adj.沉默的)-silence ( n.沉默 ) be/keep silent 保持沉默 in silence 沉默地 43. Play the guitar /piano

9、/ violin弹吉他/钢琴/拉小提琴Play soccer/ chess/cards 踢足球/ 下象棋/ 打扑克注：play后跟乐器，中间必须加定冠词the，后跟球类或运动项目不加任何冠词 44. on a swim team在游泳队 45.from time to time =at times = sometimes 时常46.brave enough 足够勇敢 enough修饰形容词或副词要后置 do.sth. 看见某人做过某事47. see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事 be seen to do sth. 被看见干hear sb do sth 听见某人干过doin

10、g sh. 听见某人正在干 be heard to do sth. 被听见干了*用法相同的动词还有,watch（观看）,notice（注意到）,find（发现）。 48. be able to.= can.有能力49. all the time 一直 ，总是 at the same time 同时 50. too much + 不可数名词 太多 too many + 可数名词复数 太多 much too +adj./adv. 实在太 1. worry about = be worried about 担心 2. hang out闲逛 3. give up doing sth.= stop do

11、ing sth.放弃做 4. succeed(v.)success(n.) successful (adj.) successfully(adv.)成功 fail (v. 失败 )- failure (n. ) succeed (in) doing sth. 成功做某事 fail to do sth. 做某事失败 fail the exams = not pass the exams 考试失败 5. a number of 许多= many (谓语复数 ) the number of 的数量 (谓语用单数) 6. be popular with sb 受某人的欢迎. 7. walk to sc

12、hool = go to school on foot 步行去学校 ride the bike to school = go to school by bike 骑车去学校take the bus to school = go to school by bus 乘公交车去学校8. what other things = what else 其他的什么 9. mind doing sth. 介意做某事 mind sb.(宾)doing sth. = mind ones doing sth. 10. a 15-year-old boy 一个15岁的男孩 an 8-year-old kid 一个8岁

13、的孩子12. look for 寻找 look at 看 look up 查阅 look up to 仰慕，钦佩 look over 检查 look out =be careful 小心 look after =take care of 照看，照顾look out of 向外看 look forward to（介词）doing sth. 期待，盼望做 look up in the dictionary 查字典 13. feel lonely 感到孤单 live alone 独自居住13. be absent from 缺席14. a boarding school 一所寄宿学校15. make

14、 a decision to do sth.= decide to do sth.决定做 make ones own decision 自己做决定16. in person 亲自17. even though = even if 即使，纵然18. take pride in = be proud of 为感到骄傲the pride of 的骄傲 19. environmental protection 环境保护20. be famous/known for 因而著名be famous/known a作为而著名 21 .produce(v.)product 既可数又不可数n. 产品，制品prod

15、uction 不可数n. 生产，制造，产量22. as far as I know 据我所知23. by hand 手工24. send for 发送 （send-sent-sent）send to 发送到send up 发射sb. be sent to sp 某人被派到某地 A doctor must be sent for . 必须去请一位医生。25. all over the world=all around the world 全世界；世界各地26. search for 搜索 27. please v. 使高兴 pleased 高兴的， 愉快的 （指人） adj.pleasant 令

16、人愉快的，令人高兴的 (指物）adj.pleasure 高兴， 愉快 n.be pleased with 对高兴 / 满意a pleasant smell 一种令人愉悦的气味Its pleasure /My pleasure 不用谢，不客气With pleasure 我很乐意28. invent v. 发明 invention 发明 n.inventor 发明者 visitor参观者 ,collector收藏者 , translator翻译者actor 男演员（actress女演员）(waiter 男服务员，waitress女侍者） ,29. have a point 有道理 30. make

17、 a list 列表， 列清单 31.thinkof=come up with 想出 32. who was the car invented by? 汽车是谁发明的？ when was the car invented ? 汽车是什么时候被发明的？ 33 . in our daily lives 在我们的日常生活中 34 such + a / an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 =so +形容词 + a / an + 单数可数名词such + 形容词 + 复数可数名词 such +形容词+ 不可数名词 注意：当形容词是 many ,much ,few ,little时，只能用so,35. a

18、ccident n. 事故accidental 意外的，偶然的 adj.by accident =by chance偶然， 意外地36. nation n. 国家，民族 adj. national 国家的37.sudden adj. 突然的adv. suddenly 突然地 Suddenly=all of a sudden 突然38 .music n. 音乐adj. musical音乐的 musician 音乐家musical instruments 乐器 musical ability 音乐才能39.fall into 掉入，落入 fall off =fall down from 从上摔下来

19、40. without doubt 毫无疑问，的确 41 .less than 不足 More than = over 超过，多于42.at a low price 以低的价格43.translate into 把译成44. be similar to与相 45.overanopenfire在篝火上46. the first to do sth .第一个做某事。47. happen v. 发生（偶然性） take place 发生 （计划性）( 都不用被动) happen to do sth 碰巧做某事 What happened to you?你怎么了48. salt n. 盐adj. sa

20、lty 咸的 sour 酸的 49.Canada n. 加拿大adj.Canadian 加拿大的，50.popular adj.受欢迎的，流行的n. popularity 受欢迎，普及the popularity of .的普及度be popular with 受到 的欢迎51.in the end 最后，终于= at last = finally52.inhistory在历史上1. for fun作为娱乐 2.make a mistake 犯错误 by mistake 错误地，无意中3. stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事 stop doing sth .停止做某事 stop (

21、from )doingkeepfrom=preventfrom 阻止做某事4. encourage sb. to do sth . 鼓励某人做某事5. achieve v. 实现(主语为人) n. achievement 成就achieve ones dream =(make) one s dream come true.实现梦想 dream of doing 梦想做某事6. not only but also 不但而且(就近原则) =bothand （动词用复数）neithernor 既不也不 (就近原则) either or或者或者 (就近原则)注意： not only but also

22、连接并列句式only 后的句子用倒装语序。例：Not only did he say so ，but also he did so. 7. It is believed that 人们认为 It is said that 据说 It is reported that据报道 It is supposed that 据猜测 It is known that 众所周知（it为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句）。 8. include v. 包括including (介)包括（使用时前面用逗号隔开）、 included 形容词adj. 包括including Tom= Tom dinclude

23、d 包括Tom9.potato chips土豆条 10.alarm clock闹钟 11. telephone number电话号码 apple treeapple trees(苹果树) girl friendgirl friends（女朋友） man teachermen teachers(男教师) 由man, woman构成的复合名词，都要用复数。12.profession职业fessional 职业的， 专业的adj.13. take notes 做笔记 14. lead sb. to do sth . 领导某人做某事lead to 引领15. teenagers should be a

24、llowed to choose their own clothes.青少年应该被允许选择他们自己的衣服。16. sixteen-year-olds十六七岁的青少年们17. choosechosechosen（动，选择） choice（可数名词，选择）choose ones own clothes 选择某人自己的衣服make a choice 做选择18. allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事allow doing sth允许做某事be allowed to do sth被允许做某事should be allowed to do sth 应该被允许做某事含有情态动词的被动语态：

25、情态动词+be + 动词的过去分词19. shopping center 购物中心20. drive(动，驾驶)driver(名，司机) drivers license 驾照21. worry about=be worried about 担心22. part-time job 兼职工作23.have/get sth+过去分词 使得某物被怎么样get ones ears pierced （打耳洞）have ones hair cut=cut ones hair （理发）get the bag mended 缝补包have the bike repaired 修自行车24. need(v需要)s

26、b need to do sth 某人需要做某事sth need doing =sth need to be +过去分词 （需要被做）must I do sth? 我必须要做某事吗？Yes, you must. 是的，必须做No ,you neednt 不，没必要。=No,you dont have to.25. be excited about sth /doing sth对感到兴奋26. paint(动，漆油漆) painting（名，油画，可数）27. take photos 照相28. safe (形，安全的) dangerous(危险的)safety(名，安全)danger 名词，危

27、险safely(副词，安全地)in danger 处于危险中in trouble 处于麻烦中in need 需要帮助的29 .make sure 确信be sure to do sth.一定,务必干30 . keep sb away from sth使得某人远离某物31 .hurt oneself 伤到某人自己32 .shout angrily 生气地大叫angry(形，生气的) angrily（副词，生气地）31 .talk back 顶嘴32 .think back to 回想到33 .regret doing sth 后悔做过某事 regret to do sth 遗憾去做某事34 .g

28、ive sb a chance to do sth给某人机会做某事have a chance to do sth有机会做某事35. western countries 西方的国家36.educate（动词，教育）educated（形，有教养的）education（名，教育）educational（形，有教育意义的）37. manage to do sth 设法做某事38.social(形，社会的) society(名，社会)39.be strict with sb in sth 对某人在某方面要求严格40.hobby(名，爱好)hobbies41.run(动，跑)runner(名，运动员，跑步

29、者)running star 运动明星50.agree with =be in agreement with 同意disagree with=be in disagreement with不同意agree/disagree to do sth 同意/不同意做某事51.fair(形,公平的)unfair(不公平的)52.情态动词must, may , might, could, may , cant表示推测含义 must “一定 肯定”其否定形式为cant may, might, could“有可能，也许”cant “不可能，不会”， 53. belong to 属于，（没有被动语态，也不能用于

30、进行时）。 belong to sb(宾格) = be sbs（名代） Taiwan belongs to China.台湾属于中国。1. at the picnic在野炊 go for/to/on a picnic = have a picnic去野炊2. attend a concert = go to a concert去听音乐会 3. I have no idea= I dont know 我不知道4. noise 通常指噪音(可数名词） make (a ) noise制造噪音voice 一般指人的嗓音 sound 指自然界的一切声音，如流水的声音5. run away from 从.

31、里逃走=escape from 6. .There (must) be sb/sth doing sth “（一定）有正在做某事”。7. .the police“警察”谓语常用复数 8. have fun 玩得开心=enjoy oneself =have a good time have fun (doing sth)很高兴干初中阶段常见的接动名词（doing）的动词或动词短语有：enjoy（喜欢）, finish（完成）,practice(练习)，mind(介意)，suggest(建议)，be busy(忙于),be worth(值得)，cant help(禁不住)，give up(放弃)，

32、feel like(想要)，keep(一直)等9.wolf复数wolves 10. because of + 名词/代词/名词性短语because +从句because it is raining heavily= because of the heavy rain 11. .exercise不可数名词“运动，锻炼”， 作可数名词“练习；体操”morning/eye exercises 早操/眼保健操 12 .suit “合适”，suit sb fine意为“很适合某人”13 ill“生病的”，只作表语；sick 既可以做表语也可作定语 eg:He is sick/ill. He is a s

33、ick person.14. in a certain way 用一种特定的方式 15. final adj. 最后的 the final examfinally adv. 最后地= at last = in the end16. dishonest 不诚实的- honest 诚实的 an honest boy17. 名词所有格 Anns book安的书,our teachers office我们老师们的办公室Lily and Lucys father 莉莉和露西的爸爸（她们的爸爸是同一个人）todays newspaper 今天的报纸a friend of mine 我的一个朋友（双重所有格

34、）18. history(名，历史)historical(形，历史的)historian（名，历史学家）19. medicine(名，药medical（医学的） medical research 医学研究20. keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康21. energy(名，精力，能量)、energetic（形，精力充沛的）22. volunteer(动，自愿。名，志愿者)Volunteer to do sth 自愿花费时间做某事23 .hard-working 工作努力的24 .plan-planned-planned（动，计划；名，计划）Plan to do sth=

35、make a plan to do sth=plan on doing sth 计划做某事25 visit(动，拜访)visitor（名，参观者，访问者，游客）26. especially（副词）尤其I like fruits, especially apples.27.I like music that I can dance to .我喜欢可以随着跳舞的音乐。I like music that I can sing along with. 我喜欢可以随着唱歌的音乐。He prefers music that has great lyrics.他更喜欢有好歌词的音乐。What kind of

36、 music do you like ?你喜欢什么种类的音乐？ I like musicians who can play different kinds of music.我喜欢可以演奏各种各样音乐的音乐家。28. prefer 更喜欢(过去式preferred)= like better prefer to do sth. 更喜欢干 prefer A to B . 比起B更喜欢A= like A better than B. prefer doing sth to doing sth 宁愿干 也不愿干= prefer to do sth rather than do sth= would

37、do sth rather than do sth.= would rather do sth than do sth29. . noise 噪音 noisy 吵闹的 get noisy 吵闹 get worried 担心 get nervous 紧张30 . different kinds of ( music) 不同种类的（音乐）a kind of 一种all kinds of 各种各样的32. electronic(形容词 电子的) electricity (名词 电) electronic music/watch 电子音乐/电子表33. smooth music 轻柔，悦耳的音乐34

38、. in that case 既然那样35. spare/free time 空闲时间in ones spare/ free time 在某人的空闲时间36. stick to （doing）sth. 坚持，固守（过去式 stuck）37. depend on 依赖，靠38.let sb. down 使某人失望39. cheer sb up 使某人振作，高兴起来= make sb. happy 40. have a happy ending 有一个幸福的结局41.try to do sth 尽力干，试图干try doing sht 尝试干try/do ones best to do sth.

39、尽全力干try on 试穿We should try our best to learn English well.42. answer questions 回答问题 solve problems 解决问题43. a way to do sth. 干的一种方法44. sad(悲伤的)比较级 sadder-最高级 saddesthot (炎热的)hotter hottest big (大的) bigger biggestthin (瘦的)-thinner - thinnest fat (胖的)fatter fattestbad/badly /ill(比较级) worse(最高级) worstgo

40、od/ well better bestfar (远的) farther farthestlittle (小的，少的)less leastold older oldest elder ( 年长的) eldest (最年长的) elder brother 哥哥， eldest brother 大哥45.plenty of(跟可数名词复数/不可数名词)许多的；足够的 46.shut off 关闭，停止运转（录音机，煤气）47. provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb. 向某人提供某物48 . in time 及时 on time 准时1. too t

41、o .(do sth) 太 而不能干 So that (+从句) 如此 以至于 (not) enough to do sth.（不）足够干The animal is too big to be a dog. 这个动物太大了不会是狗。 =The animal is so big that it cant be a dog.So that 以便，为的是= in order thatIn order to do = to do 为了干2. 可以修饰比较级的词：much ，far，a lot（多），a little , a bit (一点儿)even（甚至）， still (仍旧)3once in a

42、 while 偶尔，间或= at times =sometimes4. clear 副词 clearly 清楚地，清晰地I cant see the words on the blackboard clearly.5. strange (adj. 陌生的;奇怪的) stranger （n 陌生人） strangely (adv. 奇异地，不可思议地)strangely beautiful. 出奇地美。6. marry sb. 嫁给某人/娶某人 get married 结婚 get married to sbmarry.to. 把.嫁给be married to sb. 与某人结婚（延续性）Ha

43、ve you got married? 你结婚了吗？9. during his lifetime 在他的一生中 10. in total 总共，合计11. continue to do sth (做完一件事继续别的事) continue doing sth. （继续做同一件事）12. It is a pity that +从句 遗憾的是What a pity! 真可惜，真遗憾！13. teach sb（宾格）sth 教某人 Mr. Lee taught us English 。 teach sb to do sth 教某人去做某事 teach oneself sth. = learn sth

44、by oneself 自学（teach taughttaught）14. moved感动的 （指人） moving令人感动的（指物）15. in this way 这样16. pain （名词 疼痛；痛苦） painful（形容词 令人痛苦的）18. popular (形容词 流行的；受欢迎的)popularity (名词)19. by 在 之前 by age 17=by the age of 17 在17岁前by the end of 到 为止 by the end of his life临终前20. make money 赚钱21. be known /famous for 因. 而出名

45、as 作为. 而出名22.It was one of the most moving pieces of music that Ive ever heard. 它是我曾经听过的最感人的音乐片段之一。 (先行词是物，有最高级修饰，关系词用that)23. be supposed to（do sth） =should (do sth) =be expected to do sth. 应该做/被期待做 Youre supposed to kiss. = You should kiss. You are not supposed to smoke here. = You shouldnt smoke

46、here.24. It+be+形容词+（for sb）to do sth. 干 是的当形容词是kind , polite , rude, friendly 等， for换作of。25 . find （that）+从句find it +形容词+ to do sth . 发现干 是的.find out 查明, 找出26. make a mistake / make( some) mistakes27. shake hands 握手28. for the first time 第一次 29 .table manners 餐桌礼仪30.set out 动身，出发31.hang out 闲逛32.put

47、 out 扑灭 find out 查明；弄清楚give out =hand out 分发 Point out 指出hold out伸出；拿出： work out 解决；算出help out帮助摆脱困难33.(in) the wrong way 以错误的方式34.as soon as 一 就. (主将从现)eg.I will tell him the news as soon as he comes back。35.to ones surprise 使某人吃惊的是 be surprised at 对 感到吃惊 be surprised to do sth. 干.吃惊 suprising 令人吃惊

48、的（指物）37.relaxed放松的，用来修饰人; relaxing修饰物38. a bit, a little, kind of, 有点，（+ 形容词或副词）Shes feeling a bit tired.39.value 动词 估价,评价 valuable（形容词 有价值的）40 .make plans to do 计划做 =plan to do= plan on doing sth41. leave for 动身去leave sp. 离开be away( from sp) (延续性)leave sth.+地点 把 忘在某地 42. drop by 顺便拜访43 . after all

49、毕竟，终究 44. get mad 大动肝火、气愤45. make an effort to do 努力做某事46. avoid doing sth 避免做47. no big deal 没什么大不了48. keep sb doing sth 使某人一直做 Keep sb/sth. + 形容词 保持某种状态 Keep healthy 保持健康 Keep clean/ closed 保持 干净/ 关着 Keep away from 远离 Keep out 把 挡在外面49.clean off 把 擦掉take off 脱下（衣服）、（飞机）起飞put on 穿上put off 推迟put up

50、张贴；挂起，搭起50.knock on /at 敲51.be worth doing sth.“某事值得被做” 52.point at指着 Point to指向 Point out 指出1.full 满的 empty空的 饱的 hungry 饿的2.go out of ones way to do sth 特意（花时间，心血）做某事， 3. make 作使役动词的用法(make made made )make sb be/feel at home使某人感觉像在家一样 make sb/sth+ adj. 表示使处于某种状态 make sb do sth 使 某人做某事 (省略了to的动词不定式)

51、be made to do sth 被使得/被迫做(被动语态中to 还原)make 相关的短语归纳make friends with与.交朋友make sure 确保, make money 赚钱make faces 做鬼脸 make a plan 制定计划make mistakes 犯错 make the bed 整理床铺 make a decision 做决定 make progress 取得进步 make(a) noise 制造噪音,吵闹 make ones mind( to do )下定决心 make a living( by)（靠）谋生be made of 由 . 制成（看出原材料）

52、 be made from由 . 制成（看不出原材料）be made out of 由 制成be made up of 由组成 be made into 被制成 be made in 产于某地be made by sb. 由某人制作4 besides表示“除了以外，包括”。 except.除之外,但不包括在内。例如：Besides Mr,Wang,we also went to see the film.（王先生也去了）We all went to see the film except Mr.Wang.(王先生没去），5. drive sb. crazy /mad 使 某人发疯 发狂8. w

53、ait waiting wait for sb/sth 等待 9. “The +比较级， the + 比较级”越就越 the more the more Eg:The more meat you eat , the fatter you will be. =If you eat more meat ,you will be fatter. 你吃的肉越多，你就越胖。The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make. 你越认真，犯的错误就越少。 “比较级 and比较级” 越来越Days are getting longer and

54、 longer.白天变得越来越长。Things are becoming more and more expensive.10. leave out .忽略，不提及 be/feel left out 被遗忘，被忽略，被冷落 11. feel like doing sth. = want to do sth.= would like to do sth.想要做某事12 . for no reason毫无理由13 .There is nothing wrong with .没问题，没毛病 14 .take ones position 替代某人的职位15 . to start with起初，开始时

55、at first 起初16 .clean up 打扫，清扫 give up放弃 cut up 切碎 turn up 开大use up =run out of 用完 look up查找pick up捡起、去接某人 fix up 修理call up打电话 eat up 吃光 show up出现，露面 put up张贴，挂起cheer up 使某人振作 look .up in the dictionary 查字典接名词可中可后，接代词必中。17. how long 多（一般提问 for + 时间段/ since）how soon 多久 (一般提问 in + 时间段)how far 多远 (提问两地之

56、间的距离)how often 多久一次 (提问频率)how many 多少 (提问可数名词的数量)how much 多少(提问价格或不可数名词数量)18 .花费 take , cost , spend , pay (过去式：took, cost, spent , paid)It takes sb.some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人时间Sth cost sb some money . 某物花了某人钱Sb. spend some time / some money on sth. 某人花时间/钱干. (in)doing sth.Sb. pay some money for s

57、th. 某人花钱买了19. even though = even if 即使，纵然20. let sb. down 使某人失望21. kick sb off开除某人22.be hard on sb.对某人苛刻，要求严格23. communicate with sb. 与某人交流24. rather than = instead of 而不是25.nod nodded-nodded 点头nod in agreement点头同意26. be full of =be filled with 充满27. close down 关闭28. play a part in doing sth. 参与干 29

58、. cut down 减少；砍倒 pull down 拆掉Cut off 切割 ，切下 cut in line 插队Wait in line 排队等候30. make a difference 起作用，有影响31.at the bottom of the river 河底 32. bike riding 骑自行车 paper cutting 剪纸33. throw litter into the river把垃圾扔入河中 34. save the earth.拯救地球。35. be badly polluted. 被严重污染。36. be harmful to 对有害=be bad for 3

59、7. the food chain 食物链 38 .help out帮助摆脱困难39. develop laws制定法律 40. in fact, 事实41. percent百分之九十42. So far到目前为止(现在完成时)43 . hear of 听说hear from sb.= get receive a letter from sb. 收到某人的来信44. take part in 参加 45. pay for 付费；付出代价46. take action 采取行动 47.负担不起做某事 can,t afford to do sthafford “买得起,担负得起”，通常与can,c

60、ould,beableto48.回收纸 recycle paper49. Recycling paper is really easy. = It is easy to recycle paper. （动名词做主语，谓语用单数）回收再利用纸很容易。50. turn on 打开 turn off关掉 turn up 开大 turn down 关小turn into 变成 Its ones turn to do sth 轮到某人干了。* take turns to do sth. 轮流做51. turn upside down倒置：上下颠倒；倒转 52 . begin with以.开始 53. t