高考英语阅读理解训练十一

1、 高考英语阅读理解训练十Passage 1Societies all over the world name places in similar ways. Quite often there is no official naming ceremony but places tend to be called names as points of reference by people. Then an organized body steps in and gives the place a name. Frequently it happens that a place has two

2、names: One is named by the people and the other by the government. As in many areas, old habits died hard , and the place continues to be called by its unofficial name long after the meaning is lost.Many roads and places in Singapore （新加坡） are named in order that the pioneers will be remembered by f

3、uture generations. Thus we have names such as Stamford Road and Raffles Place. This is in keeping with traditions in many countries in both the West and the East.Another way of naming places is naming them after other places. Perhaps they were named to promote friendships between the two places or i

4、t could be that the people who used to live there were originally from the places that the roads were named after. The mystery is clearer when we see some of the roads named in former British bases. If you step into Selector Airbase you will see Piccadilly Circus obviously namedsome homesick Royal A

5、ir Force personnel.Some places were named after the activities that used to go on at those places. BrasBaSah ROad is an interesting example.“ BraS BaSah ” means “w（马Ce ” in MaIay来语） . Now why would anyone want to name a road“ Wet Rice Road ” ? The reason issimple. During the piOneering days, wet ric

6、e was laid Out tO dry alOng this rOad.A few rOads in SingapOre are named by their shapes. There is“ Circular ROad ”One. Other rOads may have part Of their names tO describe their shapes, like“ PCreSGe nt ” . ThiS road is called a CreSC（n月 牙）because it beg ins on the main road,makes a crescent and cO

7、mes back tO jOin the main rOad again.We learn from Paragraph 1 that .the government is usually the first to name a placemany places tend to have more than one namea ceremony will be held when a place is namedpeople prefer the place names given by the governmentWhat does the underlined phrase“ die ha

8、rd ” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?Change suddenly.B. Change significantly.C. Disappear mysteriously. D. Disappear very slowly.Which of the following places is named after a person?Raffles Place.B. Selector Airbase.C. Piccadilly Circus.D. Paya Lebar Crescent.Bras Basah Road is named .after a personB.

9、 after a placeC. after an activity D. by its shapeWhat can be inferred from the passage?Some place names in Singapore are the same as in Britain.Some places in Singapore are named for military purposes.The way Singaporeans name their places is unique.Young Singaporeans have forgotten the pioneers.Pa

10、ssage 2Many of Chinas ancient architectural treasures smashed to dust before Lin Huiyin and Liang Sicheng began documenting them in the 1930s. The husband and wife team were among the first preservationists to operate in China, and by far the best known. Their efforts have since inspired generations

11、 of people to speak out for architecture threatened by the rush toward development. Becoming Chinas best architectural historians was no easy accomplishment. The buildings they wanted to save were centuries old, located in distant parts of the country. In many cases,they had to journey through dange

12、rous conditions in the Chinese countryside to reach them. Exploring Chinas remote areas duri ng the 1930s meant traveli ng muddy, poorly maintained roads by mul骡子）or On foot. Inns were often dirty, food could be polluted, and there was always risk of violence from rebels, soldiers and robbers.Their

13、greatest discovery was the Temple of Buddhas Light, in Wutai County, Shanxi Province. The breathtaking wooden temple was built in 857 A.D., making it the oldest building known in China at the time.Liang and Lin crawled into the temples most forbidding, forgotten areas to determine its age, including

14、 one hideaway inhabited by thousands of bats and millions of bedbugs, covered in dust and littered with dead bats. In complete darkness and among the awful smell, hardly breathing, with thick masks covering our noses and mouths, we measured, drew, and photographed with flashlights for several hours.

15、 When at last we came out to take a breath of fresh air, we found hundreds of bedbugs in our bag. We ourselves had been badly bitten. Yet the importance and unexpectedness of our find made those the happiest hours of my years hunting for ancient architecture. Liang wrote of the experience in an acco

16、unt included in Liang and Lin: Partners in Exploring Chinas Architectural Past.On their way to the ancient buildings in 1930s, Liang and Lin faced following risks EXCEPT.accommodationsB. personal securityC. road conditionsD. vehiclesLiang and Lin raised public awareness of .documenting smashed histo

17、rical buildingsrebuilding historically valuable buildingssaving the oldest temples in Chinaprotecting historical buildingsWhile exploring the Temple of Buddhas Light,Liang and Lin caught insects with awful smellLiang and Lin were forbidden to breathe insideLiang and Lin were pleased at something unh

18、oped forLiang and Lin determined its age by studying bedbugs hideawayWhich of the following is the best title for the passage?Creativeness results in discoveryDifficulty produces achievementEfforts contribute to happinessD. Responsibilities make developmentPassage 3Think plants are just boring green

19、 things that you use for food and decoration?re ProbablThink again! Plants are able to do some pretty awesome things that you totally unaware of.re ProbablResearchers have discovered that plants have the ability to communicate with anUn dergro Und n etwork made UP Of fun gus真菌）,WhiCh SerVeS the PIa

20、nts in many ways. Tomato plants use the fungus web to warn each other of their own unhealthy conditions. TreeS COnn ected through the fun gus n etwork could move nu trie nts养分）to and from eaCh other. It is beIieved that Iarger trees move nUtrients to smaIIer ones to heIP them to survive.Not only tha

21、t, but they can also damage unwelcome Plants by sPreading Poisonous chemicals through the fungus. It sounds like the Plant world had the Internet before we did.Some Plants have a rather imPressive line of defense against being eaten. When sensing they are being swallowed, they give off a chemical in

22、to the air that attracts the insect nastural enemy. The enemy attacks the bug, thus saving the Plants. This is basically the Plant kingdom version of getting your older brother to beat uP that kid who steals your lunch money.You might be aware that humans and animals have an internal clock. But did

23、you know that Plants also have this clock? This means they can PrePare for certain times ofday just like we do. Is it because they can react to light at sunrise? In a study, scientists found that plants use the sugars they produce to keep time, which help to regulate thegenes responsible for the pla

24、nt s own internal clock. So, in a sense,genes responsible for the plant s own internal clock. So, in a sense, wake uppetunias （矮牵牛 ） is just as valid as wake up with the chickens.petunias （矮牵牛 ） is just as valid as wake up with the chickens.Nature is full of surprises. So for those of you who didn t

25、 know the wonders of plannow you do.23. How many ways does the network of fungus serve the plants?A. Two.B. Three.C. Four.D. Five.24. What does the underlined wordsyour older brother” A. Two.B. Three.C. Four.D. Five.24. What does the underlined wordsyour older brother” in Paragraph 4 refer to?The ch

26、emical given off by plants.The insect The chemical given off by plants.The insect s natural enemy.C. The bug attacked by the enemy.The plant to be eaten by the insect.C. The bug attacked by the enemy.The plant to be eaten by the insect.25. What helps the plant keep time?The sugars produced by itself

27、.B. Its own genes.25. What helps the plant keep time?The sugars produced by itself.B. Its own genes.C. The time of sunrise.D. Its response to light.C. The time of sunrise.D. Its response to light.26. What is the author s purpose in writing the text?26. What is the authorTo show his love of different

28、 plants.To share his study on some awesome plants.To introduce the unknown abilities of plants.To make people aware of plant protection.Passage 4While smartphones stand accused of a variety of crimes, these pocket computers can certainly be a force for good. Your phone is always with you, making it

29、the perfect device to push you into a more beneficial way of living. Here are some of the best apps that can help.HabiticaHabitica turns the goal of forming good habits into a game, with its own characters and scoring. It s a lot，ofafnudn the app also lets you build habits with friends and family. I

30、n addition to regular repeating habits, you can add a more general to-do list, and the rewards you get can be customized too you could treat yourself to a meal out or an extra hour of games.Smoke FreeIf you ve got a specific habit in m，itnhden you ll usually find specific apps to help, like Smoke Fr

31、ee. If you re determined to give up smoking, then this is one of the most comprehensive apps for giving you that extra push you need to make a permanent change. The app offers a host of useful features for people wanting to go smoke-f：ree The ability to see your progress over tim，echarts showing how

32、 your health is improvin，g day-by-day encouragemen，t and some advice on techniques for giving up smoking. MyFitnessPalYou can find a ton of health and fitness apps for your phone, but MyFitnessPal stands out not just because it is easy to use, but because it makes practical suggestions for you. It C

33、an take in a host Of data, from the calories 卡路里）you re taking in to the number of swims you re doing per week, and offer reports on calorie consumption and macronutrient （大量营养素 ） breakdown.What can Habitica help you to do?A. Win a tough game.B. Start a lasting friendship.Find a fancy restaurant.D.

34、Develop a pleasant habit.Which of the following can Smoke Free provide?A. The freedom to smoke.B.The ability to make progress.C. Advice on how to quit smoking. D.Charts about your excellent health.What can we learn about the three apps mentioned in the text?A. They re cheap.B.They re practical.C. Th

35、ey re free.D.They re interesting.Passage 5Here is some must-know information from a handbook on how people behave indoing business in some countries.In BrazilBrazilians are warm and friendly. They often stand close when talking and it is common for them to touch the person on the shoulder. People of

36、ten greet each other （ particularly women） with light cheek kisses. Schedules tend to be flexible, with business meetings sometimes starting later than planned. But to be safe, be on time. Meals can stretch for hours theres no such thing as rushing a meal in Brazil. Lunchesalso can start in the mid

37、to late afternoon. Brazilians are social, preferring face-to-face communication over emails or phone calls.In SingaporeSingaporeans shake hands when they meet and often also greet each other with a small, polite bow. Business cards should be offered and received with two hands. Arriving late is cons

38、idered disrespectful. So be on time. Efficiency （效率） is the goal, so meetings and dealings often are fast-paced. Singaporeans are direct in their discussions, even when the subject is about money. Rank is important and authority is respected. This determines how people interact in meetings. For exam

39、ple, people avoid disagreeing outright with someone with a higher rank.In the United Arab EmiratesIn the UAE, status is important, so the most senior or oldest should be greeted first with their titles. The handshake seems to be longer than elsewhere. So do not pull away from the handshake. Women sh

40、ould cover themselves when it comes to dress. Men also tend to be covered from neck to elbows （肘部） and down to the knees. People do not avoid entertaining in their homes, but they also hold business meals at restaurants. Touching or passing food or eating with your left hand is to be avoided. When m

41、eetings are one-to-one, if your host offers you coffee, you should refuse. It might seem odd, but it is a cultural tradition. Coffee should only be accepted if it is always set out or presented.In SwitzerlandThe Swiss tend to be formal and address each other by last name. They also are respectful of

42、 private lives. You should be careful not to ask about personal topics. Punctuality （守时） is vital, something that comes from a deep respect for others time. Arrive at any meeting or event a few minutes early to be safe. They also have clear structure in their companies. Higher-ups make the final dec

43、isions, even if others might disagree. Neat, clean dress is expected. The Swiss follow formal table manners. They also keep their hands visible at the table and their elbows off the table. It is polite to finish the food on your plate.The passage is mainly about .A. communication typesthe workplace

44、atmospherecustoms and social mannersliving conditions and standardsWhy do Singaporeans avoid arguing with their boss?A. They put efficiency in the first place.They dislike face-to-face communication.They want to finish meetings as quickly as possible.They are supposed to obey the person of a higher

45、rank.In the UAE, when should you refuse the coffee if it is offered?A. When greeting seniors.When meeting the host alone.When attending a presentation.When dining with business partners.In which country do people care about where to put their hands at the dinner table? A. In Brazil.In Singapore.In t

46、he United Arab Emirates.In Switzerland.参考答案 Passage 1B 推理判断题。本题考查整体推断的能力。先看选项A, “政府通常第一个命名一个地方 ”，文章第一段提到 “Thenan organized body steps in and gives the place a name. 并”没有说明这个 “有组织的机构 ”是不是政府，选项 A 的表述与原 文不符， 排除；再看选项 B, “许多地方可能有不止一个名字 ”，由文章第一段第四 句 “Frequently it happens that a place has two names: One i

47、s named by the people and the other by the government. 可知，选”项 B 符合原文，为正确答案。选项 C 和选 项 D 比较容易在原文找到对应文字，不赘述。D词义猜测题。die的本意是死亡，比较四个选项，选项 A和选项B的意思与 死亡”差距较大，先行排除。再比较另外两个选项，选项C意思是 神秘消失”，选项 D 意思是“消失非常缓慢 ”。找出词语所在的上下文， “As in many areas, old habits died hard, and the place continues to be called by its unoffic

48、ial name long after the meaning is lost.精读该句,”在许多地区，旧的习惯 ，地名继续沿用非官方的名字，即便是在失去原意很久以后。”，把选项C和选项D的解释套进 句中进行比较， 可知选项 D 的意思更加合理。 这里有个逻辑技巧： 这句话的开头 是在许多地区”，即使后面的意思读不懂，也应该知道，在许多地区，旧的 习惯神秘消失 ”显然不符合逻辑常识， 选项 C 肯定不对，因此运用排除法也可知， 选项 D 是正确答案。A 细节理解题。由文章第二段第一、二句 “ Many roads and PIaCeS in SingaPOre are named in ord

49、er that the pioneers will be remembered by future generations. Thus we have names suCh as Stamford Road and Raffles PlaCe. 可知， Raf”fles PlaCe 和 Stamford Road 都是以先人的名字命名的，为的是让后人记住他们，比较四个选 项，可知 A 选项为正确答案。C 细节理解题。由文章第四段第一、二句 “Some PlaCes were named after the aCtivities that used to go on at those PlaCe

50、s. Bras Basah Road is an interesting examPle. BraS BaSah means Wet rice 可知MaI这条路是以 过去在这些地方进行的活动命名的 ”。比较四个选项，可知 C 选项是正确答案A 推理判断题。本题考查整体推断的能力。由文章第三段第一句“AnotherWay Of naming PIaCeS is naming them after other places.和最后两句 “ The mystery is clearer when we see some of the roads named in former British bas

51、es. If you step into Selector Airbase you Will see Piccadilly Circusobviously named by some homesickRoyal Air Force personnel.可知，新加坡的一些地名，比如PiCCadilly CirCUS ,是以英国的地名命名的，即它们有着同样的名字，因此选项 A 符合原文；选项 B 和选项D在原文中并未明确说明，选项 C与原文明显不符，因此 A选项为正确答案。Passage 2D 细节理解题。通过题干信息On their Way to the ancient buildings in

52、 1930s可 定位到原文第二段的最后两句话， 文章中提到了道路， 旅店住宿， 食物以及来自 叛军、战士等人的暴力，依次对应了 ABC 三个选项，只有 D 工具没提到，因此 选 D。D细节理解题。通过题干信息raised PUbIiC awareness可定位到原文第一段的 最后一句话，出现了 their efforts 再根据第一段前面几句话，可以判断出他们的 努力是保护历史建筑，选 D。C细节理解题。通过题干信息Temple of Buddhas Light可定位到最后两段， 通过最后一段倒数第二句 Yet the importanCe and UnexpeCtedness of oUr

53、find made those the happiest hours of my years hun ti ng for an Cie nt architecture. 然 后我们发现 的重要性以及没有想到的收获让我们这些年寻找古代建筑物的时间变成了最为 幸福的时光，可得出答案 C。B 主旨题之最佳标题题。 考查理解文章主旨要义的能力。 本文主要讲述了梁思 成林徽因夫妇二人共同走过中国的 15个省， 190个县，考察测绘了 2738处古建 筑物，很多古建筑是通过他们的考察得到了世界、全国的认识，从此加以保护， 他们共同开创了运用西方建筑理论研究中国古代建筑的先河， 在中国建筑史上留 下了浓墨重

54、彩的一笔，故选 B ,困难会造就成就。Passage 3B 推理判断题。根据第二段中的 Tomato plants use the fungus web to warn each other of their own unhealthy conditions. Trees connected through the fungus network could move nutrients (养分) to and from each other. It is believed that larger trees move nutrients to smaller OneS to help them

55、 to SurViVe及第三段中的 NOt Only that, but they can also damage unwelcome plants by spreading poisonous chemicals through the fu ngus可知，真菌网状可以帮助西红柿发出自身处于不健康状况的警 告信息(USe the fungus Web to Warn each other of their OWnUnhealthy COnditions)传 送营养物质(move nutrients to and from each Other)通过传播有害化学物质破坏不 良植物 (damage unWelcome plants by spreading poisonous chemicals through the fungus),因此真菌网状一共有三种方式为植物服务，故B项正确。B 词义猜测题。第四段讲述了植物有一种使人印象深刻的防止被吃的方式：当感觉到要被吃掉时， 它们会释放一种化学物质到空气中， 吸引昆虫的天敌