初中英语八大时态讲解和练习全

1、初中英语八大时态解说和练习全初中英语八大时态解说和练习全初中英语八大时态解说和练习全一、一般此刻时：见解：常常、频频发生的动作或行为及此刻的某种状况。时间状语：always,usually,often,sometimes,everyweek(day,year,monthonceaweek,onSundays,etc.基本构造：be动词；行为动词否认形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dont,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesnt，同时复原行为动词。一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do发问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，复原行为动词。在

2、中，当主语是时，谓语动词要用形式，即常在后加-s或-es。一、he,she,it是第三人称单数。如：HelikeswatchingTV.他喜爱看电视。Shehaslunchattwelve.她十二点吃午饭。Itlookslikeacat.它看起来像只猫。(口诀：I用am，you用are，is用于它，单数名词用is，都用are)二、单个人名、地名或称号作主语；是第三人称单数。如：HanMeilookslikehermother.看起来像她的母亲。BeijingisinChina.北京在中国。1/36UncleWangoftenmakescakes.王叔叔常做蛋糕。三、数可数名或this/that

3、/the+数可数名作主，是第三人称数。如：Ahorseisausefulanimal.是合用的物。Thisbookisyours.本是你的。四、someone,somebody,nobody,everything,something等及指示代this,that作主，是第三人称数。如：Everyoneishere.大家到了。Thereissomethingwrongwiththewatch.腕表有缺点。五、作主第三人称数。如：Themilkisintheglass.牛奶在里。Thebreadisverysmall.那面包很小。六、当数字或字母作主，看作第三人称数。如：6isaluckynumbe

4、r.6是个吉利数字。【】二、一般去：见解：去某个里生的作或状；去性、常性的作、行。状：ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek(year,night,month),in1989,justnow,attheageof,5oneday,longlongago,onceuponatime,etc.一般去的构（可分三不同样的构）2/361.Be动词的一般过去时在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词，amis的过去式为was;are的过去式为were必然句式：主语+be(was,were)+其余.否认句式：主语+be(was,were)+not+其余.一般疑问

5、句：Be(was,were)+主语+其余？注：在这种组成中，be动词有人称和数的变化，即要依据主语采用was/were。Be动词分为单数和复数，was是表示单数，were是表示复数。2.实义动词的一般过去时态必然句要使用动词的过去式，否认句和疑问句要使用助动词do和does的过去式did.必然句式：主语+动词（过去式）+其余否认句式：主语+didnt动+词（原形）+其余【didnot=didn】t一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词（原形）+其余【do,does的过去时均为did】？注：1.did和didnt是组成一般过去时的助动词，其特色是要在此后跟动词的原形。实意动词do的一般过去时Idomyh

6、omeworkeveryday.(用yesterday改写句子)Ididmyhomeworkyesterday.Ididntdomyhomeworkyesterday.(否认句)Didyoudoyourhomeworkyesterday？Yes,Idid./No,Ididn一t.(般疑问句)神态动词的一般过去时态含有神态动词的一般过去时与含有Be动词的一般过去时，是十分相像，请注意察看。3/36必然句式：主语+神态动词+其余否认句式：主语+神态动词+not+其余.一般疑问句：神态动词+主语+其余？注：神态动词的过去式：cancould,maymight,mustmust，will-would，

7、should-should。4.特别疑问句式：特别疑问词+be过去式+主语+其余？特别疑问词+神态助动词过去式+主语+动词原形+其余？特别疑问词+do/does过去式+主语+动词原形+其余？Whatwasyourformername？你从前叫什么名字？WhywashelateforschoollastMonday？上礼拜一他为何迟到？Whatcouldshedotwentyyearsago？20年前她能做什么？规则动词的过去式1.一般状况下，在动词原形后边加-ed。looklookedplayplayedstartstartedvisitvisitedpull-pulled,cook-cook

8、ed2.以不发音e结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-d。liveliveduseusedtaste-tasted3.以“辅音字母+y结”尾的动词，先将y改为i,再加ed。studystudiedtrytriedflyflied4.以重读闭音节（即辅音元音辅音）或r音节结尾，尾端只有一个辅音字母的动词，要先双写这个辅音字母后，再加ed。stopstoppedplanplannedstop-stoppedpreferpreferred基本用法表示过去某个特准时间发生的动作或存在的状态。4/36Hesuddenlyfellilllastnight.他昨晚忽然病倒了。表示过去的习惯性或常常发生的动作Shewe

9、nttothecinemaonceamonthwhenshewasatalkedbytheriverside.我在乡间时常常在河畔漫步。表达过去连续发生的一件件事Shegotupearly,fetchedwater,cleanedtheroomandthenwentoutforawalk.她早早起床，提水，打扫房间此后出去漫步。【练习】一、请用正确动词形式填空1.He(live)inWuxitwoyearsago.2.Thecat(eat)abirdlastnight.3.We(have)apartylastHalloween.4.Nancy(pick)uporangesonthefarmla

10、stweek.5.I(make)amodelshipwithMikeyesterday.6.They(play)chessintheclassroomlastPElesson.7.Mymother(cook)anicefoodlastSpringFestival.8.Thegirls(dance)atthepartylastnight.9.I(watch)acartoononSaturdaylastweek._you_(visit)yourrelativeslastSpringFestival?_he_(fly)akiteonSunday?Yes,he_.GaoShan_(put)upthep

11、icturelastnight.I_(sweep)theflooryesterday.5/36What_she_(find)inthegardenlastmorning?Herfather_(read)anewspaperlastnight.16.Mike_(notgo)tobeduntil12oclocklastnight.Ilistenedbut_(hear)nothing.Howmanypeople_(be)thereinyourclasslastterm?二、按要求变换句型。1.Frankreadaninterestingbookabouthistory.（一般疑问句）_Frank_a

12、ninterestingbookabouthistory?2.Hecleanedhisroomjustnow.（划线发问）What_he_?3.ThomasspentRMB10onthisbook.（否认句）Thomas_RMB10onthisbook.4.Myfamilywenttothebeachlastweek.（划线发问）_family_lastweek?I_(have)anexcitingpartylastweekend._she_(practice)herguitaryesterday?No,she_.What_Tom_(do)onSaturdayevening?He_(watch

13、)TVand_(read)aninterestingbook.Theyall_(go)tothemountainsyesterdaymorning.She_(notvisit)herauntlastweekend.She_(stay)athomeand_(do)somecleaning.6/36When_you_(write)thissong?I_(write)itlastyear.Myfriend,Carol,_(study)forthemathtestand_(practice)Englishlastnight._Mr.Li_(do)theprojectonMondaymorning?Ye

14、s,he_.How_(be)Jimsweekend?It_(benot)bad._(be)yourmotherasalesassistantlastyear?No.she_.三、此刻进行时：见解：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。组成：be+此刻分词。be应为，应与主语的人称和数保持一致。【注】动词此刻分词的变化规则一般状况下，直接在动词后加-ing，如：work-workingstudy-studying动词以不发音的-e结尾，要去-e加-ing，如：make-makingdance-dancing重读闭音节的动词，要双写词尾字母，再加-ing，如：put-puttingbegin-b

15、eginning以-ie结尾的动词，把-ie变为y再加-ing，如：lie-lyingtie-tying写出以下动词的此刻分词形式dance_shop_play_speak_have_work_write_take_study_sit_sing_swim_lie_变化：7/36式：主语+be(am,is,are)+其余.式：主语+be(am,is,are)+not+其余.Be(am,is,are)+主语+其余？+be(am,is,are)+主语+此刻分词+其余？对此刻进行时的的回答，它不可以够够用Yes或No直接作答，要依据实质状况回答。用法（包含高级用法)：4,此刻进行时与always等副词

16、连用时带有。Hesalwaysquarrellingwithothers.他老喜爱跟他人吵嘴。Sheisconstantlyworryingabouthersonshealth.她不断地为她儿子的健康担忧着。Theboyisforeveraskingquestions.那个男孩老是问问题。这种状况常与always老是，usually平常，continually不断的，constantly常常的，forever永久、老是等副词连用。5,有的此刻进行时句子和同义。用此刻进行时表示问者的关切心情。Howareyoufeelingtoday?（Howdoyoufeeltoday?）你今日感觉怎样？Ia

17、mlooking（look）forwardtoyournextvisit.我希望你下次再来。Whyareyoulooking（doyoulook）sosad?为何你看起来这么愁云满面的样子呢？【练习】一.填空题1MrZheng_(read)abooknow.8/362.Therabbits_(jump)now.3.Look!TomandJohn_(swim).Mybrother_(make)akiteinhisroomnow.Look!Thebus_(stop).We_(have)anEnglishclassnow.8.They_(catch)butterfliesnow.9.He_(do)a

18、nexperimentnow.They_(collect)stampsnow.Look!He_(dive)now.Tom_(watch)TVinthediningroom.Thedoctors_(get)offthebus.Comeon.They_(leave)now.It_(eat)fishnow.Myfather_(work)intheofficenow.17.Whereisyourmother?She_(answer)thephone.18.Theteachers_(run)now.二、按要求改写句子1.Theboyisplayingbasketball.否认句：_一般疑问句：_必然回答

19、：_9/36否认回答：_Theboy提：_造句:1).she,thewindow,open,now.(用内行成句.)_2).is,who,thewindow,cleaning?(成句)_3).Sheisclosingthedoornow.改(成否认句)_4.)Youaredoingyourhomework.(用I作主改写句子)_5).they,thetree,sing,now,under.(用内行成句.)_6).TheYoungPioneersarehelpingtheoldwoman.改(成一般疑)_去行：（一）见解：表示去某段或某一刻正在生或行的行或作。(二)构：were/were+V-i

20、ng.(三)志：1.atthis/thattime,2.atthis/thattimeyesterday(lastnight/Sunday/week),3.at+点+yesterday(lastnight/Sunday)，whensb/sth.didsth.lasteveningthewholemorning,allday,fromninetoten,while等。比方：Iwasmakingfruitsaladatthistime.Theywerestudyingfrom8:00to11:00yesterday.10/36一般过去时的必然句、否认句、疑问句及简单回答。必然句:主语+was/we

21、re+V-ing+其.IwaswatchingTVatthattimelastnight.否认句:主语+was/were+not+V-ing+其.IwasnotwatchingTVatthattimelastnight.3.一般疑问句：was/were主语+V-ing+其?WereyouwatchingTVatthattimelastnight?必然回答：Yes,Iwas.否认回答：No,Iwasnt.特别问句:疑问词was/were主语+V-ing+其?Whatwereyoudoingatatthattimelastnight?(五)基本用法：过去进行时表示在过去某个时间点发生的动作或事情。

22、(用介词短语和从句来表示时间点)IwassleepingatthistimelastSunday.过(去某一时辰)Mymotherwascookingdinnerat9:00yesterday.(过去某一时辰)WewerehavingsupperwhenTomcamein我.们正在吃晚餐时电话响了（?从句表示时间点）过去进行时表示在过去某段时间内连续发生动作或事情。thewholemorning,allday,fromninetoten,while,when等。）Lucywasworkingallday.（过去某一段时间）WewerewatchingTVfromsevenoclocktonin

23、eoclocklastnight.3.在复合从句中，从句和主句的动作都是连续性或同时发生，那么主从句都要过去进行时。11/36Whilehewaswaitingforthebus,hewasresdingnewspaper.他边等车边看报。（两个动作都是连续的）HewascleaninghiscarwhileIwascooking.他洗车时我在做饭。（两个动作同时进行）when和while的用法差别when既指时间点，也可指一段时间。所以when在状语从句中的动词能够停止性动词，也能够是连续性动词while只指一段时间。while从句中的动词必然是连续性动词。when说明从句的动作和主句的动作

24、能够是同时，也能够是先后生；while则重申主句的动作在从句动作的发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生。when指引的时间状语从句。后用一般过去时。While后边一般用过去进行时。假如从句和主句的动作同时发生，两句都用过去进行时的时候，多用while指引，Whentheteachercamein,weweretalking.=Whileweweretalking,theteachercamein.b.Theyweresingingwhileweweredancing.【练习】1.I_at8:00yesterday.A.wassleepinglateB.sleptlateC.sleeplate2

25、.They_atthistime.A.talkingonthephoneB.weretalkingonthephoneB.wastalkingonthephone3.Lilywasstandinginfrontofthelibrary_.12/36A.twohoursagoB.tomorrowC.atthattimeyesterday4.I_whentheUFOarrived?A.wascuttinghairB.wascuttinghairC.cuttinghair5.Myfatherwasreadingnewspaper_mymotherwascookingdinner.A.whenB.wh

26、ileC.whatMybrother_whilehe_hisbicycleandhurthimself.A.fell,wasridingB.fell,wereridingC.fell,rodeIfirstmetLisathreeyearsago.She_ataradioshopatthetime.A.workedB.wasworking.Cisworking8.-whatwereyoudoingatsevenoclocklastSunday?-I_theshower.A.wasgettingoutofB.gotoutofC.wasgetoutof9.I_mybreakfastwhenthebe

27、llrang.A.hadB.washavingC.amhaving10ThereportersaidthattheUFO_easttowestwhenhesawit.wastravelingB.traveledC.traveling11.-Whatsthematter,Ali?Youlooksad.”-Oh,nothingmuch.infact,I_ofmyfriendsbackhome.A.justthoughtB.havejustbeenthinkingC.wasjustthinkingWhat_fromthreetofouryesterdayafternoon?A.haveyoudone

28、B.didyoudoC.wereyoudoing13.-Icalledyouyesterdayevening.buttherewasnoanswer.13/36-Oh,ImsorryI_dinneratmyfriendshome.A.hadB.washavingC.have14.Mymother_whilemyfather_TV.A.cooked,waswatchingB.wascooking,waswatchingC.cooked,watched15.whenIgothome,myson_themusic.A.amlisteningB.listenedtoC.waslistening二、动词

29、填空。1.John_（work）alldayyesterday.2.He_（walk）homewhentherain_（begin）.3.-What_you_（do）attenoclockyesterday-I_study）inclassWhileHarry_（have）breakfast,LilytelephonedhimI_(write)aletterattenlastnight.Itwassix.TheGreens_(have)supper.Whenyou_(knock)atthedooryesterday,I_(do)somewashing.Whilemymother_(watch)T

30、V,I_(make)akite._you_(feed)theanimalsat5:00yesterdayafternoon?MrsGreen_(notwash)clothesatthistimelastSaturday.三、按要求改写句子。1.IwasgettingoutofbedwhentheUFOlanded.（对划线部散发问）_you_whentheUFOlanded?14/36Theyplayedtennisyesterdayafternoon.(用at5:00yesterdayafternoon改写句子)They_tennisat5:00yesterdayafternoon.Whil

31、eitwasraining,theplanetookoff.（改为同义句）Itwasraining_theplane_off.昨晚八点钟我爸爸在看报纸。Myfather_anewspaperat8:00yesterdayevening.电话响时，我妈妈在做晚餐。Mymother_whenthephone_.当外星人买纪念品时，我报了警。_thealienwasbuyingasuvenir,I_thepolice.Iwaswashingmyshoesatthattime（.改为一般问句）_yourshoesatthattime?五、此刻达成时：见解：过去发生或已经达成的动作对此刻造成的影响或结果

32、，或从过去已经开始，连续到此刻的动作或状态。（一）组成：主语have/hasV过去分词。“have/has如”何使用需记清。当主语是I，you和复数名词或代词时要用have；单数主语后跟has。也就是说have/has需同主语的人称或数保持一致。（二）用法接触一：必然句式此刻达成时的必然句式是“have（has）过去分词”。如：WehavejustfinishedourhomeworkShehasgonehome15/36注意：1）句式中的have或has是助，has用于第三人称数，其他人称一律用have。2）句式中have（has）和去分之可用just插入。3）把句式成，常常用“已”、“”、

33、“”或“了”等。接触二：疑句式在达成的一般疑句式是把助have或has提到主从前。如：Haveyoureadthisstorybookyet？特别疑句及反意疑句构以下：Whathaveyoudonewithmybike?Youvereadthisstorybook,haventyou?注意：1）在达成的一般疑句常常在句末加yet。2）把在达成的一般疑句成，常常成“？”、“已了？”等。3）其必然回答用“Yes，have（has）”，否认回答用“No，havent（hasnt）”，实用“No，notyet”或“No，never”。接触三：否认句式：在达成的否认句式是“havent（hasnt）去分

34、”。如：WehaventstudiedUnit2yetThetrainhasntstoppedyet注意：1）在达成的否认句句末常常加yet。2）否认句常“没有”等。接触四：用法之一：在达成表示去生或达成的某一作在造成的影响或果。如：16/36Haveyoureadthatstory？你那个故事？（“”一作生在去，在造成的影响是：能否知道故事的内容。）Ihaveboughttwoapples我了两个苹果。（“”一作生在去，在造成的果是：有两个苹果。）在学一见解的同，注意常与在达成用的几个副：already，just，ever，yet，never等。already，just多用于必然句中，eve

35、r，yet，never多用于疑句和否认句中。如：Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework我已做完家庭作了。Hehasjusthadhismeal他吃。HaveyoueversungthisEnglishsong？你曾唱首英文歌？Theyhaventstartedyet他没有身。Wehaveneverheardofit我素来没有听件事。接触五：用法之二:表示去已开始，素来持到在的作或状。注：一用法即在达成行的用法因表示的是持的作或状，所以使用的平常是延性：be,stay,study,wait,keep,have等；使用的状平常由for或since引，但二者后接的有所不同样：f

36、or后常跟一个段，指某个作到在止已持了多，如forthreeyears,forhalfanhour等。since作介，后边能够接一个点，如since1980，也能够接“一段+ago”,:sincethreeyearsago,sincetwomonthsago等。17/36since还可用作连词，指引一个过去时态的时间状语从句。如：Wehaveknowneachothersincewewenttocollege.句型Itisthefirst（second,third.)timethat.的that从句中，谓语动词须用此刻达成时，表示到说话时为止动作发生过几次。如：Itisthefirsttime

37、thatIhavebeenhere.接触六：此刻达成时与一般过去时的用法比较此刻达成时表示过去的动作对此刻造成的影响；一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去。试比较：Theplanehasarrived.飞机已经来了。（说明此刻的状况：飞机在这儿。）Theplanearrivedaquarterofanhourago.飞机是一刻钟从前到达的。（重申换作发生的时间在过去。）接触七：havebeenin,havebeento与havegoneto的用法have(has)beenin意为“已经在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。如：Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaifort

38、hreedays.布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。TheyhavebeeninCanadaforfiveyears.他们到加拿大有五年了。have(has)beento意为“从前去过某地”，表示此刻已经不在那里了。可与just,ever,never等连用。如：Ivejustbeentothepostoffice.我刚才去邮局了。HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhou?你从前去过杭州吗？MaryhasneverbeentotheGreatWall.玛丽从未去过长城。have(has)beento后边可接次数，表示去过某地几次。如：18/36IvebeentoBeijingthreetim

39、es.我去过北京三次。Theyhavebeentothatvillageseveraltimes.他们去过那个乡村好几次了。have(has)goneto意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。如：WhereisTom?汤姆在哪里？Hehasgonetothebookshop他.到书店去了。接触八：常用于此刻达成时的时间状语除了我们讲过的already,yet,still，just,ever,never,since短语和for短语外，还有很多时间状语常用于此刻达成时，我们要留意将它们和一般过去时的时间状语划分开来：la

40、tely,recently是达成时的时间状语；justnow有amomentago之意，是过去时的时间状语。如：Haveyouheardfromyourfamilylately/recently?DidyouseeJoanjustnow?inthepastfewyears意思是“过去几年来”，常用于达成时中；inthepast意思是“在过去”，常用于过去时中。如：Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepastfewyears.Wheredidyouworkinthepast?3.eversincethen与fromthenon/afterthat

41、都有“打那此后”之意，但前者常用于达成时，此后二者常用于过去时。如：19/36Sheslivedhereeversincethen.IdidnthearofJimfromthenon/afterthat.before平常用于达成时；.ago平常用于过去时。如：IhaveneverbeentoJapanbefore.ShewenttoJapantwoyearsago.sofar到目“前为止”，thesedays这“些天来”也是此刻达成常常有的时间状语。如：Sofar,nomanhastravelledfartherthanthemoon.Whathaveyoudonethesedays?接触八：

42、过去分词有规则与不规则两种。规则的变化形式与动词的过去式同样。不规则就需要记忆了不规则动词过去式和过去分词原型：过去式和过去分词完满不同样drink-drank-drunkring-rang-rungswim-swam-swumsing-sang-sungsink-sank-sunkgive-gave-givenhide-hid-hiddendo-did-donesee-saw-seen过去式与过去分词完满同样bright-brought-broughtthink-thought-thoughtfight-fought-foughtbuy-bought-boughtcatch-caught-c

43、aughtsell-sold-soldC.原型与过去分词同样D.原形与过去式和过去分词完满同样cast-cast-castcut-cut-cutput-put-putlet-let-letset-set-sethit-hit-hit【练习】20/36一、用所给动词的适合形式填空。I_never_（speak）toaforeigner_Tom_（return）thelibrarybook？Yes，hehas3.When_he_（return）it？Halfanhourago二、按要求变换以下各句，每空一词。1、Hehasalreadyfinishedhishomework（改为否认句）He_fi

44、nishedhishomework_2Theyhavefoundthelostbooksalready（改为一般疑问句，并作否认回答）_they_thelostbooks_？No，they_3Juliahasnotgothomefromschoolyet（改为必然句）Julia_homefromschool4YouhaveneverbeentoShanghaibefore，_？（改为反意疑问句）5.HesgonetoBeijing,_（改?为反意疑问句）6MrWangbegantoteachEnglishinthisschoolin999（改为同义句）MrWang_Englishinthiss

45、choolsince999Hehasntlefthomefor3days同义.(句)He_homefor3days.21/36三、正确答案。(1WhoisMary？_？IsawyoutalkingwithheratthemeetingADontyoumeetheryetBDidntyoumetheryetCHaventyoumetheryetDHadntyoumetheryet(2HowdoyoulikeBeijing，MrBlack？Oh，I_suchabeautifulcityAdontvisitBdidntvisitChaventvisitedDhadntvisited(3Theoldp

46、eople_lonelyatallsincewebegantovisitthemonceaweekAdontfeelBhasntfeltChaventfeltD.didntfeel()4Wehavelivedhere_fiveyearsagoAwhenBsinceCbeforeDafter六、去达成：见解：以去某个准，在此从前生的作或行，或在去某作从前达成的行，即“去的去”。-|-|-|-那从前那在状：before,bytheendoflastyear(term,month),etc.22/36基本构造：主语+had+过去分词vpp.(done)必然句：主语+had+过去分词.否认句：主语+h

47、ad+not+过去分词.一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词?必然回答：Yes,主语+had.否认回答：No,主语+hadnot.特别疑问句：特别疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（Had+主语+过去分词）？基本用法表示在过去某一时辰或动作从前达成了的动作，也能够说过去的时间对于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。能够用by,before等介词短语或一个来表示，也能够用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能经过上下文来表示。Bynineoclocklastnight,wehadgot200picturesfromthespaceship到昨.晚9点钟，我们已经收到200张飞船发来的图片。2）表示由过去的某一时辰开始，

48、素来连续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for,since组成的时间状语连用。Ihadbeenatthebusstopfor20minuteswhenabusfinallycame.当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。Hesaidhehadworkedinthatfactorysince1949.他说自从_年以来他就在那家工厂工作。3）表达过去发生的事情，在已表达了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述从前发生的动作时，常使用过去达成时。Mr.Smithdiedyesterday.Hehadbeenagoodfriendofmine.史密斯先生昨天逝世了。他从前是我的挚友。Ididntknowa

49、thingabouttheverbs,forIhadnotstudiedmylesson我对.动词全无所闻，因为我没有好勤学习功课。23/364）在含有的主从复合句中，假如表达的是去的事，先生的作常用去达成。IreturnedthebookthatIhadborrowed.我已了我借的。Shefoundthekeythatshehadlost.她失的匙找到了。5）去达成常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等后的（或）中，从句中的作生在主句表示的去的作从前。Hesaidthathehadknownherwell.他他很熟习她。IthoughtIhadsentthele

50、tteraweekbefore.我我一礼拜前就把信寄出去了。状从句：在去不同样生的两个作中，生在前，用去达成；生在后，用。如when,before,after,assoonas,till/until引的WhenIwokeup,ithadalreadystoppedraining.我醒来雨已停了。Shedidntgotobeduntilshehadfinishedherwork她.直到把工作做完此后才睡。注意：假如两个作接着生，常常不用去达成，特是在包含before和after的复合句中，因从句的作和主句的作生的先后序已特别明确，能够用一般去代替去达成。AfterhearrivedinEngla

51、nd,MarxworkedhardtoimprovehisEnglish.克思到达英格此后，努力提升他的英水平。7）think,want,hope,mean,plan,intend等用去达成来表示去未曾的想法，打算或意等。Theyhadwantedtohelpbutcouldnotgetthereintime.他原来打算去帮忙，但没有及赶到那里。（8）去达成可用在hardlywhen,nosoonerthan,Itwasthefirst(second,etc)time(that)等固定句型中。24/36Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakwhentheaudienceinterrup

52、tedhim.他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain.他刚到就又走了。Itwasthethirdtimethathehadbeenoutofworkthatyear.这是他那一年第三次失业了。语法判断由时间状语来判断：一般说来，各样都有特定的时间状语。与过去达成时连用的时间状语有：1）by+过去的时间点。如：Ihadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineoclocklastnight.2）bytheendof+过去的时间点。如：WehadlearnedovertwothousandEnglishwords

53、bytheendoflastterm.（3）before+过去的时间点。如：TheyhadplantedsixhundredtreesbeforelastWednesday.由“过去的过去”来判断：过去达成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作从前已经发生或达成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去达成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出此刻：（1）宾语从句中：当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去达成时。在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句。如：Shesaidthatshehadseenthefilmbefore.

54、2）状语从句中：在时间、条件、原由、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去达成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如：Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.25/36注意：before,after指引的时间状语从句中，因为before和after自己已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作亲近相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。如：Afterheclosedthedoor,helefttheclassroom.依据上、下文来判断。ImetWangTaointhestreetyesterday.Wehadntseeneacho

55、thersincehewenttoBeijing.【练习】一.用动词的适合形式填空We_(paint)thehousebeforewe_(move)in.Thatricholdman_(make)awillbeforehe_(die).They_(study)themapofthecountrybeforethey_(leave).Therobbers_(runaway)beforethepolicemen_(arrive).I_(turnoff)allthelightsbeforeI_(go)tobed.Paul_(go)outwithJaneafterhe_(make)aphonecall

56、.Tom_(say)he_(read)thebooktwice.Ourplan_(fail)becausewe_(make)abadmistake.Whenthechairman_(finish)speaking,he_(leave)thehall.26/3610.TheReads_(have)lunchwhenI_(get)totheirhouse.11.WhenI_(arrive)atthestation,he_(leave).12.We_(learn)about4000Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm.Iwaiteduntilhe_(finish)hishom

57、ework.Weweresurprisedatwhatshe_already_(do)15.She_(notgo)toQingdaobecauseshe_(be)therebefore.He_(nottell)youthenewsyet.Hesaidhe_already_(give)thebooktotheteacher.I_(be)toShanghaibefore.Shetoldmeshe_(be)toSanyathreetimes.20.She_(play)theguitarwhilehersister_(sing).二句型变换1Ihadsoldtheticketwhenshecame（.

58、改否认句）2.Shehadsungasongtousbeforeshedanced（.改否认句）3.Theybegantoclimbthemountainaftertheyhadboughtallthefoodanddrinks.（否认）4.By10:.m,Ihadbeenveryhungry.（改一般疑问）6.Bythetimehegottotheairport,theplanehadtakenoff.（改一般疑问）7.HehadbrokenhisarmwhenIsawhim（.对划线部散发问）27/368.Whenhehadreadthenote,heateit.（划部分提）.Jackdi

59、dntgotothecinemabecausehehadseenthe（film划.部分提）10.Wehadhadthetoysfortenyearsbeforewegavethemtothechild.（划部分提）11.Shehadwrittenthebookbytheendof1960.（划部分提）12.Wecookedthedumplings.Weatethemup.（用去达成接两句）13.Jimsfathermendedthecar.Itwasbroken（.用去达成接两句）14.Wehadourtests.Thenwehadalongholiday.(用去达成接两句)Afterwe_

60、,we_15.Heshowedusthepicture.Thenheshowedusaroundthehouse.用去达成接两句)Beforehe_,he_.参照答案：一.1.hadpainted.moved2.hadmade.died3.hadstudiedleft4.hadraway.arrived5.hadturnedoffwent6.wenthadmade7.saidhadrfailedhadmade9.(had)finishedleft10.werehaving/hadhadgoarrived.hadleft12.hadlearned13.(had)finished14.had.do