状语从句用法详解(gary)课件

1、高三英语总复习语法系列训练状语从句用法详解宝安高级中学高三英语备课组说到状语从句，您知道有哪些状语从句吗？ 一、时间状语从句 二、地点状语从句 三、方式状语从句四、程度状语从句五、原因状语从句六、结果状语从句七、目的状语从句八、条件状语从句九、让步状语从句十、比较状语从句1时间状语从句通常用下列从属连词来引导：after, before, as, once, till, until, (ever) since, when, whenever, while, now (that), as long as, as soon as。如： Now (that) youve grown up, you

2、must stop this childish behaviour. Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us. Come and see us whenever you have time. People do not know the value of health till they lose it.2有些词，如 immediately, directly, instantly等，当用于 as soon as 意义时，也可以引导时间状语从句，如： I got in touch with him immediately

3、I received his letter. My sister came directly she got my message. The machine will start instantly you press the button. Ill telephone you directly I hear the news. Will you look for it immediately you get there?3某些表示时间的名词词组，如 the (very) moment (= as soon as ), the minute (= as soon as ), the insta

4、nt (= as soon as ), the day, the year, the morning, every time, each time, next time, the first time等，也可以引导时间状语从句，如： Ill tell you about it the moment you come. I started the instant I heard the report. The instant she saw him she knew he was her brother. Every time I catch a cold, I have pain in my

5、back. Im going to see him next time he comes to Shenzhen. He left Europe the year World War broke out. He had impressed me that way the first time I met him. I started the very moment I got your letter. Ill tell him the minute (that) he gets here.4有些关联从属连词，如 no sooner than / hardly when / scarcely w

6、hen / barely when 等，也能引导时间状语从句。 如果把no sooner, hardly, scarcely, barely置于句首，它所连带的这部分就要倒装，如： She had no sooner heard the news than she fainted. No sooner had she heard the news than she fainted. They had hardly started to work when the trouble began. Hardly had they started to work when the trouble be

7、gan. He had scarcely entered the room when the phone rang. Scarcely had he entered the room when the phone rang.1地点状语从句常用where, wherever 来引导，如：We will stay where you stay. (where = in the place in which; where既连接主句与从句，又在从句中作副词修饰谓语stay。) I found my books where I left them. Wherever he happens to be,

8、John can make himself at home. He will work wherever the people need him. Let me go wherever (= to any place to which) they like (to go).2有时，- where构成的复合词也可以引导地点状语从句，如： Everywhere they went, they were kindly received / warmly welcomed. Well go anywhere the Party directs us.1方式状语从句通常由 as, as if, as t

9、hough 来引导，如： You must do the exercises as I show you. Please do exactly as your doctor says. It looks as if it might snow / is going to snow. He acted as / though nothing had happened. He walked as if he was / were drunk. Mary was behaving as though she hadnt grown up.2在非正式文体或口语中，也可用 the way (that)

10、(= as = in the way in which), how, like等来引导，如： Jean doesnt do it the way I do. She is doing her work the way I like it done. You can do the job how you like. The landlord was watching him like (= just as) a cat watches a mouse. Do you make bread like you make cakes? 程度状语从句可用 to such an extent that /

11、 to such a degree that 来引导，如： The temperature rose to such an extent that the firemen had to leave the burning building. The temperature lowered to such a degree that the water froze. 试比较： The temperature rose so high that the firemen had to leave the burning building. The temperature lowered so muc

12、h that the water froze. 从以上例句可以看出，程度状语从句往往也表示达到某种程度时所引出的结果，所以程度状语从句和结果状语从句在意义上有相通之处。 结果状语从句往往放在主句之后，通常主句是因，从句是果，这和原因状语从句刚好相反，如： He was ill, so that he didnt come. He didnt come because he was ill.1结果状语从句通常用下列连词引导：so that, such (a) that, such that, so that, that 等，如： He was so angry that he left the

13、room without saying a word. The book is written in such simple English that we beginners can understand it without much difficulty. It was such a bad accident that several people got injured. His diligence was such that he made great progress. He didnt plan his time well, so that he didnt finish the

14、 work in time. She worried so that she could hardly eat her supper. What have I done that you should be so angry with me?2应注意的几个问题： 在非正式文体中，由 sothat, such (a)that引导的结果状语从句，往往可以省略连词 that，这时，从句之前往往用逗号与主句隔开，在口语中则用停顿表示省略。 He was so tired (,) (that) he could hardly stand. Peter is such a good boy (,) (th

15、at) he is loved by everybody. You walk so fast (that) I cant keep pace with you. We left in such a hurry (that) we forgot to lock the door. He was so rude (that) she refused to speak to him. 当so 修饰动词时，后面应稍停顿，如： His heart beat sothat he could hardly breathe. She worried so that she could hardly eat h

16、er supper. 当so位于句首时，主句的语序应倒装，如： So badly was he injured that he had to go to the hospital. So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.1目的状语从句通常使用的连词有：so that, in order that, that, so。否定的句式常用 lest, in case, for fear that来引导。 目的状语从句中一般要有 can, may, could, might, will, would, should等情态动词，如： Bring

17、it closer (so) that I may see it better. I put down his address for fear that I should forget it. The teacher must speak clearly so that his students can / may understand well. Well sit nearer the front so we can hear better. (非正式或口语) The driver looked over the engine carefully lest it (should) go w

18、rong on the way. Please remind me of it again tomorrow in case I forget. Take an umbrella with you, in case (= for fear) it rains / it may rain / it should rain. He left early in case he should miss the train.4在真实条件句中，从句动词通常用一般现在时表示将来时间，主句通常带有情态动词，如： If you move, Ill shoot you. If I press this butto

19、n, what will happen? If you come, you can see it. If you finish early, you may go.注 当从句表示将来已经完成或正在进行的动作时，动词用现在完成时或现在进行时，如： I will return the book on Monday if I have read it. The police wont take your car away if you are sitting in it.注 如果从句表示现在的意图、意愿、决心等，则可以用will / shall，如： If you will read the boo

20、k, Ill let you have it. If you will help me, we can finish by six. If you will give up smoking / drinking, your health will improve.5有一种条件句，其从句动词不管主语的人称和数如何，一律用 “should + 不定式”，主句动词可根据意义需要采取不同形式，如： If he should hear of your marriage, he would be surprised. If you should hear the news, please let us k

21、now. If you should be interested, Ill tell you the whole story. If it should rain, we had better stay indoors. If he should come tomorrow, I would tell him everything.注：在正式文体中，可用 should I (we, you etc) 代替 If I (we, you etc) should ，如： Should I be free tomorrow, I will come. Should you see Mike, will

22、 you ask him to ring me up? Should you see my mother, tell her I am quite well.6非真实条件句： 当从句表示与现在事实相反的条件时，从句动词用一般过去时或 were型虚拟式，主句动词用 would / should / could / might + 不定式，如： If I were you, I should consult a doctor. If I lived in the twenty-first century, my life might be different in a number of ways

23、. 当从句表示与过去事实相反的条件时，从句动词用过去完成时，主句动词用would / should / could / might +不定式完成式，如： If he had tried hard last term, he would have succeeded. If he had taken his doctors advice, he might not have died. 当从句表示将来不大可能实现的条件时，从句动词用一般过去时或 were / was to +不定式，主句动词用would / should / could / might +不定式，如： What would yo

24、u do if it snowed tomorrow? He wouldnt do it unless you were to order him to. 在正式文体中可用“were +主语”等倒装结构代替“if +主语+ were”等结构；“had +主语 + ed分词”代替“if +主语+ had + ed分词”结构，如： Were I in your place, I would be very worried. Were John to go to the university, he would have to work hard. Had the captain been more

25、 careful, his ship would not have been sunk. Had it not been for the expense, I should have gone to Italy.7unless 与if not 的用法比较： If you dont start at once, you will miss the train. Unless you start at once, you will miss the train. unless 在意义上相当于if not ，在有些场合两者可以交替使用，但在有些场合又不可以互换，以下是不可互换的情况：当if not 引导非真实条件状语从句时，一般不可以改用unless，如： If she werent so silly, she would understand. (事实上她很傻，改成Unless she were so silly含义为她不傻) If I