时态与语态学案 高三英语一轮复习

1、 时态和语态【语法内容】在英语中，不同的时间里以不同方式发生的动作或存在的状态要用动词不同的形式表示出来，动词的这种不同形式构成了动词的时态。一般来说，发生在现在的事情用现在的时态进行描述；发生在过去的事情就用过去的时态进行描述；将要发生的事情用将来的时态进行描述。以do为例的各种时态如下：现在过去将来过去将来一般进行完成完成进行以do为例对应的被动语态：现在过去将来过去将来一般进行完成完成进行1）一般现在时 表示客观真理、客观存在及自然现象（不受时态限制）Knowledge _ (be) power. 知识就是力量。China _ (lie) in the east of Asia. 中国位

2、于亚洲东部。In summer, days _ (be) longer than nights and in winter it is the opposite. 夏天白天比夜晚长，冬天相反。表示现状、性质时，多用系动词或状态动词；表示习惯性、经常性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用，如often经常 usually 通常 always 总是 never 从不 every day 每天 once a week 每周一次 sometimes 有时 seldom 很少。Where do you live and where do you work? 你住在什么地方？在哪里工作？Wha

3、t does your brother do? 你哥哥是干什么工作的？Ice _ (feel) cold.He always _ (go) to work late, which make the boss angry and disappointed. He usually _ (get) up at six oclock every morning.Nowadays, wild animals _ (protect) much better than before.时间、条件、让步状语从句中代替一般将来时If it doesnt rain, well go on a picnic as p

4、lanned. 如果不下雨，我们将按计划去野餐。I will go with you as soon as I finish my homework.If you dont go there, I wont, either.If city noises are not prevented from increasing, people will have to shout in order to be heard.I wont speak to him unless he _ (apologize) to me.I wont give in whatever difficulties I me

5、et in the future.2）现在进行时 is/ am/ are doing表示正在进行的动作或正处于的状态，常与now, right now, at present, at this moment，Look! Listen!连用。The telephone _ (ring). Would you answer it, please? 电话在响，你能否接一下？Now watch carefully and see what _ (happen) in the experiment. 现在仔细观察，看在实验中发生着什么现象。What are you _ (do) now, Bob? 鲍勃

6、，你现在正在干什么？Listen! Two birds _ (sing) there.Dont take the computer away. I _ (use) it now.These days people _ (call) to ask me about my winning lottery.现在进行时的被动语态 is/ am/ are being done- Have you moved into the new house yet?- Not yet. The rooms _ (paint).At present, a lot of medicine and tents _ (tr

7、ansport) to the earthquakes-stricken area.表示现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻动作不一定正在进行。此种情况下常用的时间状语有：these days, the month, this term, this semester等。George is working on a new book about stories in schools. 乔治在写一本关于校园故事的新书。I am helping my dad on the farm this summer vacation. 这个暑假我在农场里给爸爸帮忙。I am visiting Guangzhou

8、 this week. 我本周正在游览广州。少数位移动词如come, go, leave, arrive, fly, return, start, begin, open, close, end, stop, see off, take off等用现在进行时表将来。Are you staying in Guangzhou for a week? 你将在广州待一周吗？I am taking my daughter to the Central Park this Saturday. 这个周六我将带女儿去中央公园。 Summer _ (come). 夏天要来了。I am _ (see) you o

9、ff in the airport tomorrow. The plane _ (take) off, so please fasten your safety belt. 3）现在完成时 have/has done表示事件始于过去持续到现在，或强调过去动作对现在的影响。常见的时间状语有already, yet（用于否定句和疑问句）, lately, recently, up to now, so far, until now, since (then), ever since, for+时间段，during/ in/ over the last (past) few years (month

10、s/ weeks)等。This is a difficult problem. I havent found (find) a solution yet.I havent heard (hear) from him recently.His novels _ (translate) into eight languages so far.I graduated in 2000, and I _ (work) here ever since.In the past ten years, great changes _ (take) place in our hometown.They _ (li

11、ve) here since they moved here two years ago.2.下列句型中常用现在完成时：It is (has been) + 一段时间+ since从句（点动作的过去时）It is/ has been two years since he _ (fall) ill.It/ is has been three years since they got married (married).This (That/ It) is the first (second.) time that + 现在完成时 “这是某人第几次做.”It is the first time t

12、hat I _ (be) here.This is the second time that I _ (give) such a chance.This (that/ It) is the best/ finest/ most interesting.+ that从句+ 现在完成时 “这是最.” This is the most interesting film that I _ (see).She is the best teacher that I _ (meet).4）现在完成进行时/ 过去完成进行时 has/ have/ had been doing 现在完成进行时表示动作从过去发生一

13、直持续到现在，可能现在停止，也可能持续到将来。Where are you? I have been waiting (wait) for you the whole morning.I _ (read) a novel these days, and I will finish it in three days.He _ (do) the experiment since the end of last month, and I hope there will be some good results.I knew she _ (wait) here for a long time.5）一般过

14、去时表示过去的事情、动作或状态或者表达过去的习惯或反复发生的动作。常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用（或者有上下文语境暗示）。常与一下时间状语连用：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week/ month/ year, just now, once, in 1998, at the age of five, once upon a time, in the past, then, the other day.Tom suddenly _ (fall) ill yesterday and had to stay at home for an

15、other day. 昨天汤姆突然病了，只好在家又待了一天。She _ (look) very well when I last saw her. 上次我见到她时，她看上去气色很好。The person you are looking for went away just now. 你要找的那个人刚走。Where is Jack? He _ (be) here just now.He _ (go) through a lot of difficulties when he was in Africa.Last night, my house _ (break) in.I _ (see) him

16、 wandering in the street the other day.When I was small, I often _ (fish) with my Dad.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作这种用法常与always, usually, often, sometimes, never等时间状语连用。I always got up too late, and never had enough time for breakfast. 我总是起床很晚，从来没有足够时间吃早餐。We often went out for a walk after supper when we lived in

17、the countryside. 我们在乡下住的时候经常晚饭后出去散步。描述几个相继发生过的动作表示在过去特定时间内一次完成的具有先后顺序的几个动作时，常用一般过去时，此时一般不出现表示过去的时间状语，需要通过情景判断。I got up early, washed my face, had a quick breakfast and hurried to school. 我早早起床，洗完脸，迅速吃完早饭，匆忙上学去了。Tom was late. He opened the door quietly, moved in and walked carefully to his seat. 汤姆来晚

18、了。他悄悄地打开门进去，小心翼翼地走到自己的位置上。表示过去将来的动作在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，表示过去将来的动作。She said she would came if I promised to wait for her. 她说如果我答应等她，她就会来。I didnt know when she would come, but when she came I would let you know. 我不知道她什么时候来，但她来了我会告诉你的。注意！一般过去时是高考考查频率较高的时态，要注意时间状语及语境的提示。The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture fin

19、ds that between 2005-when the government _ (start) a soil-testing program that/ which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers- and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.Pahlsson and her husband _ (search) the kitchen, checking very corner, but turned up nothing.It was raining

20、 lightly when I _ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didnt care.6)过去进行时 was/were doing 表示在过去某一时间正在进行的动作When he called me, I _ (have) dinner. 他给我打电话时，我在吃饭。I _ (wash) the dishes while Mother was clearing the table. 我在洗盘子，妈妈在收拾桌子。What were you doing this time last year? 去年这个时候你正在做什么？注意！此种情况下常

21、用的时间状语有at that time, at five yesterday, this time yesterday, the whole morning等。表示在过去某一段时间内一直持续进行的动作They were expecting you yesterday, but you didnt turn up. 昨天他们一直在等你，可你没有来。We were working from two to four yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午，我们从两点一直工作到四点。I was tidying my sitting room the whole morning. 整个早上，

22、我都在收拾我的起居室。表示一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行。When you phoned yesterday, I was playing computer chess. 你昨天打电话时，我正在电脑上下棋。 7）过去完成时找一般过去时作为参照，表示“过去的过去”Jane _ (leave) before I arrived. 在我到之前简就走了。By the end of last month he _ (finish) only half of the work. 到上月底为止，他只完成了一半工作。By the time I was five, I had started learnin

23、g English. 到五岁的时候，我已经开始学英语了。I found your coat after you _ (leave) the house. 你离开房子以后，我找到了你的外套。如下情况多使用过去完成时有如下时间状语：by then, by that time, by 1990, by the end of +过去时间, by the time+从句（过去时）, before等。By then, I _ (realize) that I was wrong.By the time he arrived home, all the guests _ (leave).By the tim

24、e of last year, we _ (produce) 20000 cars.表示“一.就.”的几个句型：Hardly had sb. done+when(一般过去时)No sooner had sb. done + than(一般过去时)No sooner had I arrived than I wrote a letter to him.Hardly had she returned to the kitchen when the fire broke out.It was/ had been+时间段+since(过去完成时)This(That/ It) was the first

25、(second.) time that +过去完成时表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图等，常用had hoped/ planned/ meant/ intended/ thought/ wanted to dolI had planned to study abroad, but later I gave up.I had intended to attend his party, but I was too busy that day.8）一般将来时will的用法表示未来的动作或状态常用will/ shall + do常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如next time 下次 tomorrow明天

26、next year 明年 tomorrow evening 明晚 before long 不久后 in the future 将来 the day after tomorrow 后天。Itll soon be the New Year. 很快就到新年了。I _ (see) you tomorrow to talk about the new plan. 明天我去找你谈谈有关新计划的事。The English play _ (put) on next Sunday in Beijing.He _ (come) back in two hours.表示一种趋向或习惯动作We will die wi

27、thout air or water.Hell lose the job if he doesnt work hard. 如果他不努力工作，他会失去这份工作。表示“意愿”If you wont listen to us, just do as you please.The computer wont start./ The door wont open.Nobody will do such a job with so little pay. 这么少的工资没人会做这样的工作。be going to dobe going to do 结构在口语中常用来表示已经决定或安排要做的事、很可能发生的事，

28、也可用来表示有迹象表明要发生的事。Im going to gather some materials about Picasso. 我打算搜集一些有关毕加索的材料。Its going to be a fine day for surfing tomorrow. 明天将是冲浪的好天气。 be to do表示计划中约定的或按职责、义务和要求必须去做的事或即将发生的动作。The president is to visit China next week. 总统下周来访问中国。The meeting is to take place early tomorrow. 会议明天一早召开。be about

29、to do用于表示客观就要发生的事。一般不与具体时间状语连用。Dont go out. Were about to have dinner. 别出去了，我们很快就吃饭。I was about to start when it began to rain. 我刚要出发，天就下起雨来了。将来进行时 will be doing将来进行时表示将来某个时间正在进行的动作。I _ (fly) over the Atlantic this time tomorrow. I will go to the seaside next week to spend my summer vacation. I _ (e

30、njoy) myself then.10）将来完成时 will have done将来完成时常和以下时间状语连用by/ by the end of+ 将来时间状语, by the time of., by the time+从句（现在表将来）By 2018, all of you _ (admit) to universities.By the end of next year, we _ (learn) 5000 English word.By the time we arrive there, their weeding _ (begin).过去将来时 would do一般过去将来时表示从

31、过去某一时间看将要发生的动作，通常用于宾语从句中。The students said that they would go to visit the Great Wall next day.I didnt know you would go abroad until yesterday.Last week he promised that he _ (come), but he hasnt arrived until now. 上周他答应来的，可到现在都还没来。He said that he _ (wait) for me at the gate. 他说他会在大门口等我。总结：时态种类主动结构

32、被动结构常见的时间状语或句型一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般将来时【时态练习A】David is a tennis player. He _ to play tennis when he was six years old.begins B. will begin C. began D. has begunIf I _ a two-week holiday next year, I will take part in a short study tour to Beijing University.took B. take C. will take D. are

33、 takingBefore the sun _, we need to get to the top of the mountain.set B. sets C. is setting D. will setGary is the best singer in my class. No one else _ so well.sings B. sang C. will sing D. is singing Honey, where are you? I _ . Just let me put on my e B. came C. am coming D. have comeJohn _ so h

34、ard on his project that he didnt notice his mum enter the room.works B. has worked C. was working D. will work How was the volleyball game yesterday? Oh, it was fantastic! We _ so much fun.have B. had C. are having D. will haveWhile Nick _ CCTV News, someone knocked at the door.watched B. was watchi

35、ng C.watch D. watchesI will call you as soon as he _ here.arrive B. will arrive C. arrives D. arrivedYesterday, I _ the subway home when I suddenly found I was on the wrong line.took B. was taking C. had takenHi, Tony! _ you _ to the newly-opened shopping mall, Tangdao 637 lately? Yes. I went there

36、with my parents last week.Did; go B. Have; been C. Have; gone D. Do; goThey dont live here any longer. They _ to Chengdu last month.move B. moved C. will move D. are movingHi, guys, please write three facts you _ last term in your project.learned B. are learning C. have learned D. learn I have seen

37、the film The Jurassic World . Its very interesting. Really? When _ you _ it?have; seen B. did; see C. will; seeChina _ great achievements in science and technology since 1978.makes B. made C. has made【时态练习B】 Millie, where is Miss Li? She _ a speech on Chinese art to the first-year students in the ha

38、ll.gives B. gave C. is giving D. has givenIf Nacy _ the exam, she will go to Australia for English study.pass B. passed C. passes D. will pass Thats a nice cell phone. It is. My aunt _ it for my last birthday.buys B. will buy C. has bought D. boughtWe have no more vegetables in the fridge. I _ and b

39、uy some.go B. went C. will go D. was goingThe official said they _ a new law to protect the tourists the next year.make B. would make C. made D. have madeThe supermarket is far from Marys house, so she _ shopping once a week.goes B. has gone C. went D. has beenMike, go and see who _ football on the

40、playground.is playing B. plays C. played D. was playing _ you _ to the radio? No, you can turn it off.Did; listen B. Have; listened C. Do; listen D. Are; listeningOur teacher, Miss Chen, _ English on the radio the day before yesterday.teaches B. taught C. will teach D. had taught I called you at abo

41、ut half past eight last night, but nobody answered. Oh, I _ in my office at that time.will work B. was working C. worked D. had worked Why not go to see the dolphin show me? Because I _ it.saw B. will see C. see D. have seen Is your mother at home? No. She _ shopping.has been to B. goes C. has gone

42、D. has been inIm sorry youve missed the train. It _ 10 minutes ago.left B. has left C. had left D. has been away Do you know Jack well? Certainly. We _ friends since ten years ago.were B. have made C. have become D. have beenWhen I go there, he _ them to dance.is teaching B. teaches C. was teaching

43、D. taught时态专项训练C1. That day he _ his clothes before he came to see me.A. has washed B. washed C. had been washing D. was washed2. I havent finished my composition. I _ for two hours and a half. A. have written it B. have been writing it C. wrote it D. am writing it3. I will take my daughter with me

44、when I _ Shanghai. A. go to B. will go to C. have been to D. have gone to4. This bright girl _ the truth in front of the enemy. A. didnt say B. couldnt speak to C. said D. didnt tell5. The bridge which _ last year looks really beautiful. A. was built B. built C. was set up D. had been built6. “When

45、_ school begin?” “Next Monday.” A. has B. does C. did D. is going to7. I will _ here till you give me some money. A. leave B. not leave C. come D. return8. I _ here since I moved here. A. will work B. worked C. work D. have been working9. Every time I _ there, I will buy him something nice. A. went

46、B. will go C. go D. have gone10. It was said that his father _. A. has died B. died C. has been dead D. had died时态语法填空When I first met Bryan I didnt like him, but I _ (change) my mind since.Bob called to tell his mother that he couldnt enter the house, for he _ (leave) his key at school.-Do you thin

47、k Mum and Dad _ (be) late?-No, Swiss Air is usually on time. Im calling about the apartment you _ (advertise) the other day. Could you tell me more about it?The girl has a great interest in sport and _ (take) badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.Around two oclock every night, Sue

48、 will start talking in her dream. It somewhat _ (bother) us.By the time he graduates from the university next year, he _ (learn) English for eight years.-Do you know the timetable of the school bus?- Sure, the first trip _ (start) at 6:30 a.m. and usually _ (continue) until 4:00 p.m.on weekdays.What

49、 do you think the children _ (do) when we get home?I was just going to move away the heavy case, but someone _ (do) it.Columbus proved that the earth _ (be) round.- When did Scott go to Holland.-He _ (go) there last night.Whatever great progress you _ (make) so far, you should still remain modest.-

50、Tom, can you help me type up this report?- Sorry, I must go to meet a client in Shanghai. My plane _ (take) off at 15:30.Lucy _ (consider) going back to school since she was out of work.- Is Martin still lost in playing computer games?- No. So far he _ (go) without for four weeks.【被动语态练习】The Great W

51、all _ all over the world. It attracts lots of tourists from abroad each year.are known B. is knowing C. is known D. were knownEnglish is a useful language. It _ more widely today.is used B. is using C. have been used D. was usedWhen water _, it will be changed into vapor.heats B. is heated C. is hea

52、ting D. will be heatedThis house looks old, but actually it _ just five years ago.is built B. was built C. has been built D. were builtNo people _ to cut down trees when they are not big enough.allow B. is allowed C. are allowed D. are allowingThe woman is seriously ill. She _ to hospital at once.is

53、 sent B. must be sent C. will be sent D. may be sentWhen it rains heavily, the soil _ easily.will wash away B. will be washed away C. has washed away D. is washing awayThe cows _ away from the trees so that they do not knock them down.keep B. are keeping C. are kept D. were keptA new car factory _ i

54、n our town and it will be completed by 2005.will be built B. has been built C. was built D. is builtThe World Trade Centre in New York _ by terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001.is destroyed B. has been destroyed C. was destroyed D. destroyedBy the time you came back, all the letter _.have been ty

55、ped out B. had been typed out C. was typed out D. were typed outThis work is very urgent. It _ today.must be finished B. can be finished C. will be finished D. is finishedThe window _ a moment ago. No one knew how had done it.had been broken B. was broken C. has been broken D. broke According to the

56、 rule, no food drink _ into the concert hall.is taken B. will be taken C. are taken D. can be takenIm sorry. Smoking _ here.is allowed B. is not allowed C. will be allowed D. will not allow高中英语常用不规则动词默写表1.AAA序号动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词 义1bid2broadcast3burst 4cost5cut 6hurt7hit 8let9put10read 11rid 12set 13sp

57、read 14spit 15split 16shut2.AAB序号动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词 义1beat 3.ABA序号动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词 义1become2come 3run 4overcomeABB （1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d, t或ed构成过去式或过去分词。 序号动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词 义1burn 2deal 3dream 4hear 5hang 6learn 7light 8mean 9prove 10shine 11show 12smell 13speed 14spell 15wake （2）把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t” 构成

58、过去式或过去分词。 序号动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词 义1build 2bend 3lend 4rebuild5send6spend （3）原形ought ought 序号动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词 义1bring 2buy 3fight4think 5seek （4）原形aught aught :t序号动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词 义1catch 2teach（5）变其中一个元音字母序号动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词 义1awake2dig 3feed4flee5find6get 7hold 8lead9meet10sit 11shoot12spit13stick14stri

59、ke15win（6）原形lt/pt/ftlt/pt/ft序号动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词 义1feel 2keep 3leave4sleep 5sweep6weep（7）其它序号动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词 义1lay 2pay3say4stand5understand6lose7have8make9sell10tell11retell12wind5.ABC(1)原形过去式原形+(e)n序号动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词 义1blow 2drive 3draw 4eat 5fall6forbid7give 8grow 9forgive10know11mistake12overeat1

60、3prove14take15throw16ride17see18sew19show20shake21write原形过去式过去式+(e)n序号动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义1break2choose 3get 4hide 5forget6freeze 7speak 8steal (3) 变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词）iau 序号动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义1begin 2drink 3sing4sink 5swim 6ring (4)其它 序号动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义1be (am,is,are)2bear3do 4fly 5go