句子和句子成分 完整版课件

1、第六讲 句子和句子成分一 句子的特征 英语里的句子有下列几个特征： 1. 必须具有完整的意思，一定的语法结构和一定的语调。 2. 句子开头的第一个字母必须大写。 3. 句子末尾的句号是 “.” 。 4. 句子和句子之间很少用逗号（与汉语不同）。如： I am a middle school student . I go to school every day . I study Chinese , math , English and some other subjects . 二 句子成分 组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分，即主语，谓语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，定语和状语。 主语 主语是句子

2、要说明的人或物，是句子的主体，一般放在句首。名词，代词，数词，动名词和动词不定式常用作主语。 Einstein is a well-known scientist . He watches TV every evening . Three and nine is twelve . Skating is a good exercise . To see is to believe. 谓语 谓语是说明主语的动作或状态，一般在主语的后面。可担任谓语的只有实义动词。联系动词必须和表语一起构成复合谓语；助动词和情态动词必须和其他动词一起构成复合谓语。 The new school year begins

3、 on the first of September. Her sister is a nurse . You may go home now . He is working on the farm now . She has been to the Great Wall . 表语 表语用来说明主语的身份，特征和状态。它的位置在联系动词之后。能用作表语的有： 名词，代词，数词，形容词和副词，介词短语和不定式等. We are all students. Oh , its you . The park is not only big , but also very beautiful . The

4、 ball is under the desk . My task is to work hard . 宾语 宾语是表示动作的对象，是动作的承受着。英语的及物动词后须有宾语，称为动词宾语。宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词称为介词宾语。名词，代词，数词，动词不定式,动名词在句子中常用作动词宾语和介词宾语。 He needs help . Did you see him yesterday ? He didnt know what to say . Would you mind my opening the window ? His brother is good at playin

5、g chess .直接宾语和间接宾语 有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，一个指人，一个指物，前者叫作间接宾语，后者叫作直接宾语，合称双宾语。能接双宾语的及物动词常见的有：bring , give , lend , buy , show , pass , teach , send , tell 等。例如：Excuse me , could you tell me the way to the post office ?Lend me your dictionary , please .He gave me some ink . I told him my name . Mr Mao teaches u

6、s English.Please show me your family photo .My father bought me a new bike for my birthday gift . 间接宾语一般在直接宾语前。但还可用介词to或for引导间接宾语，放于直接宾语之后。如：He gave some ink to me . = He gave me some ink .Please show your family photo to me . = Please show me your family .My father bought a bike for me . = My fathe

7、r bought me a bike .特别的，当直接宾语是人称代词时，必须用此种形式。2. 宾语补足语有些及物动词，除了有宾语外，还须加上宾语补足语，句子意思才完整。宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。宾语和宾语补足语之间一般存在逻辑上的主谓关系。名词，形容词，副词，动词不定式等可作宾语补足语。We elected him monitor of our class .We must keep our classroom clean and tidy .The Internet is making the world smaller , like a village .Mr. Lee told

8、us not to spend too much time playing games .Please ask your parents to come to school tomorrow . 定语 用来修饰名词或代词的词，短语或从句，称为定语。单词作定语时，通常放在它所修饰的名词之前；但在修饰复合不定代词时，则放在不定代词之后。形容词，名词，代词，数词，介词短语，动词不定式，定语从句等可用作定语。This is a green jeep . My jacket is red .Winter is the coldest season of the year .I have somethin

9、g important to tell you .There are five women teachers in this school .Would you like something to eat ?. 状语 修饰动词，形容词，副词或全句的成分叫做状语。副词，介词短语，名词词组，动词不定式，状语从句都可用作状语。The young girl sings quite well .Suddenly it began to rain .He laughs best who laughs last .Now I can write a letter in English .He will lea