高中英语选择性必修二 03 Unit 1 Section C Using Language-2020-2021学年课时同步练（解析版）

1、Unit 1 Science and scientists1.3 Using Language & Assessing Your Progress一、阅读理解1So you want to be a citizen scientist? The National Science Foundation (NSF) has got you covered. NSF supports citizen science across all areas of science, whether your passion is to scan the night sky, or explore your o

2、wn backyard.Join a flock of birderseBird is an online platform that allows bird-watchers to go online and record their sightings to a database. With more than 100,000 active users, eBirds system is a treasure of information on bird population, distribution and habitat, which users can explore in rea

3、l time.Count every dropThe Community Collaborative Rain, Hail and Snow Network (CoCoRaHS) is the largest provider of daily precipitation observations in the United States. Volunteers set up rain gauges and record data every time a rain, snow or hail storm passes over. Data is organized and shared on

4、 the CoCoRaHS website, and used by scientists, farmers and more.Search for stars with your computerEinsteinHome uses your computers idle time to search for space signals. The project has already had major successes: Volunteers discovered about 50 stars, using data from Puerto Ricos Arecibo Observato

5、ry and Australias Parkes Observatory. EinsteinHome also searches for gravitational-wave signals using data from NSFs Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory.Be part of a supercomputerTo link all those home computers, EinstienHome uses software called the Berkeley Open Infrastructure for

6、Network Computing, better known as BOINC. The software choreographs(安排，筹划) the technical aspect of volunteer computing and helps you use radio telescope signals to search for alien life.Join the plankton partyWithout plankton, life in the ocean would not exist. These tiny organisms form the base of

7、the food chain, and play an important role in the global carbon cycle. Plankton Portal enlists citizen scientists to identify images of plankton, snapped by the In Situ Icthyoplankton Imaging System (ISIIS), an underwater robot engineered at the University of Miami. ISIIS has taken millions of image

8、s in oceans around the world and upload them into a database; classifying the images helps researchers understand plankton diversity, habitat and behavior.1. On the website of eBird, a bird-watcher can _.A. make contact with other active usersB. explore the world of birds in real timeC. observe all

9、the existing bird speciesD. provide and share birds information2. The program “_” is not based on the Internet database.A. Join the plankton partyB. Be part of a supercomputerC. Count every dropD. Search for stars with your computer3. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Become

10、 a Citizen ScientistB. Make a Contribution to NSFC. Be part of Space ExplorationD. Follow the Steps to be a Citizen Scientist【答案】1. D2. B3. A【分析】本文介绍了一些普通老百姓可以参与的科研项目。1. 细节理解题。根据第一个项目“eBird is an online platform that allows bird-watchers to go online and record their sightings to a database. With mo

11、re than 100,000 active users, eBirds system is a treasure of information on bird population, distribution and habitat, which users can explore in real time.”可知，观鸟者可以把他们所看到的景象录入数据库以便可以和平台使用者们分享，也就是观鸟者可以通过这个平台提供和分享鸟类信息，故选D。而B项错误，观鸟者们能通过eBird这个平台分享鸟类知识，不是实时探索世界上的鸟类。2. 细节理解题。通过阅读每个项目可知只有“Be part of a su

12、percomputer”这个项目没有谈到使用数据或数据库。故选B。3. 主旨大意题。本文介绍了一些普通老百姓可以参与的科研项目。故答案A符合。2Its difficult to imagine now, but at certain points in the Earths history, ice covered the entire planet. This frozen Earth, nicknamed Snowball Earth, was “so severe that the Earths entire surface, from pole to pole, including t

13、he oceans, completely froze over”, said Melissa Hage, an environmental scientist at Emory University in Georgia.In 1840, Louis Agassiz, a Swiss natural scientist, was among the first to acknowledge and provide evidence that the Earth had gone through ice ages. Joseph Kirschvink, an American geologis

14、t, later created the term “Snowball Earth” in a 1992 textbook.Scientists believe that four severe ice ages occurred between 750 million and 580 million years ago, probably because the Earths lands were all located at or near the equator (赤道), which resulted in increased weathering (风化). Weathering i

15、s happening when wind and rain break down rocks and minerals on the planets surface. The process leads to decreased carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere, which allows more heat to get away from the surface and into space, cooling the planet, causing the planet into a deep freeze.The severe ice ag

16、es eventually melted away. Scientist believe that volcanoes continued to pump carbon dioxide into the atmosphere throughout the ice ages, eventually warming the planet enough that the water cycle could restart. As the Earth warmed and came out of its deep freeze. a huge explosion of life occurred. k

17、nown as the Cambrian (寒武纪) explosion.Will we see another Snowball Earth in our future? According to Hage, its unlikely, due to the spread-out of the continents. “Even with extreme winters, continental ice sheets would form, which would stop continental weathering and allow carbon dioxide to build up

18、 in the atmosphere, leading to warming rather than freezing,” she said.4. How many severe ice ages occurred between 750 million and 580 million years ago according to the passage?A. Three.B. Four.C. Five.D. Six.5. What do we know about the Earth according to the passage?A. The term “Snowball Earth”

19、was first used in 1840.B. Millions of years ago, the Earths lands werent where they are now.C. Weathering was the main factor of warming the Earth.D. The Earth was completely covered with ice during the Cambrian period.6. What probably led to the end of the ice ages?A. Heats escaping.B. An unknown r

20、eason.C. Carbon dioxide from volcanoes.D. A force from the outer space.7. What is the best title for the text?A. Snowball Earth: The End of the LifeB. Some Severe lee Ages in the Earths HistoryC. Frozen Earth: Another lee Age Is ComingD. Snowball Earth: Will the Blue Planet Go White Again?【答案】4. B5.

21、 B6. C7. D【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了地球上冰河时代的形成以及其消失的原因。4. 细节理解题。根据第三段中Scientists believe that four severe ice ages occurred between 750 million and 580 million years ago, probably because the Earths lands were all located at or near the equator (赤道), which resulted in increased weathering (风化).科学家认为，四次严重的冰

22、河时代发生在7亿5千万到5亿8千万年前，可能是因为地球上的陆地都位于赤道或赤道附近，这导致了风化作用的增强。可知，科学家认为，7.5亿到5.8亿年前发生了四次严重的冰河时代。故选B项。5. 推理判断题。根据第三段中The process leads to decreased carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere, which allows more heat to get away from the surface and into space, cooling the planet, causing the planet into a deep fr

23、eeze. 这一过程导致大气中二氧化碳含量的降低，从而使更多的热量从地表进入太空，使地球变冷，导致地球进入深度冻结状态。可知，数百万年前，地球上的土地并不像现在这样。故选B项。6. 细节理解题。根据第四段中Scientist believe that volcanoes continued to pump carbon dioxide into the atmosphere throughout the ice ages, eventually warming the planet enough that the water cycle could restart. 科学家认为，在整个冰河时代

24、，火山持续向大气中排放二氧化碳，最终导致地球温度上升到足以重新启动水循环的程度。可知，来自火山的二氧化碳可能导致了冰河时代的结束。故选C项。7. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中Will we see another Snowball Earth in our future? 我们将来会看到另一个雪球地球吗？以及通读整篇文章可知，本文讲述了地球上冰河时代的形成及消失的原因。因此选项D中“雪球地球：蓝色星球会再次变白吗”是最合适的标题。故选D项。3Andrew Grey doesnt fit most peoples idea of an astronomer. He works in a car r

25、epair shop, not in a lab or university, yet the Australian repairman discovered a star system hiding in data from NASAs Kepler space telescope.Mr. Grey is one of millions of citizen scientists helping researchers to expand collective understanding. For centuries, only a few ordinary people had been

26、contributing to science, but advances in technology have brought a higher level of democratization (民主化) to science.“This is a collaborative (合作的) effort that anyone could get involved in,” says Chris Lincoln, an Oxford University astrophysicist (天体物理学家) and cofounder of Zooniverse, a platform that

27、hosts dozens of citizen science projects. Citizen scientists can contribute to breakthroughs in almost any field, from ecology to astrophysics.“As long as pattern recognition is involved, there are no limits to what can become a citizen science project,” Dr. Linton says. “Anyone can identify pattern

28、s in images, graphs, or even seemingly boring data after a short tutorial. Machine learning allows computers to do some pattern recognition. But humans, particularly amateur scientists, dont stay focused on what theyre supposed to. And thats good, because people who do that notice the unusual things

29、 in s data set.“And citizen science doesnt have to be directed by a scientist,” says Sheila Jasanoff, director of the Program on Science, Technology and Society at Harvard University. “Citizens producing knowledge in places where official organs have failed then can also be citizen scientists,” she

30、says. Thats what happened in Flint, Michigan, when a local mother started drinking water tests that caused a broader investigation of lead levels.Citizen-powered research is as old as scientific inquiry. For centuries before science became professionalized, regular people looked for patterns in the

31、world around them. Despite a lot of advanced equipment and computer models, scientists still welcome help from everyday people.As a professional scientist himself, Lintott says, “People think that were intelligent, but science is easy and we need your help.”8. What made citizen scientists appear?A.

32、The high level of science projectsB. The development of technology.C. The support of the government.D. The foundation of Zooniverse.9. What is a human advantage in pattern recognition compared with machines?A. Humans can identify patterns mare swiftly.B. Humans focus their attention on data.C. Human

33、s can observe uncommon things.D. Humans have stronger emotions.10. What is Lincons attitude towards citizen science?A. Favorable.B. Cautious.C. Indifferent.D. Doubtful.11. What would be the best title of the text?A. Citizen scientists can be intelligent.B. Science is important to everyone.C. Anyone

34、can be a scientist.D. Science is everywhere.【答案】8. B9. C10. A11. C【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了这样的观点：科学研究并不专属于科学家，平民科学家对科学研究也有很大的帮助。8. 细节理解题。由第二段中的 For centuries, only a few ordinary people had been contributing to science, but advances in technology have brought a higher level of democratization to science.（

35、几个世纪以来，只有少数普通人对科学作出了贡献，但技术的进步使科学的民主化程度提高了。）可知，由于科技的发展使得科学趋于民主化，更多的平民才能接触到科学。故选B项。9. 推理判断题。由第四段中的 Machine learning allows computers to do some pattern recognition. But humans, particularly amateur scientists, dont stay focused on what theyre supposed to. And thats good, because people who do that not

36、ice the unusual things in a data set.（机器学习允许计算机进行一些模式识别。但是人类，尤其是业余科学家，不会专注于他们应该做的事情。这很好，因为这样做的人会注意到数据集中不寻常的东西。）可推知，和机器相比，人更能注意到数据里一些特殊的东西。故选C项。10. 推理判断题。由最后一段中的 As a professional scientist himself, Lintott says, “People think that were intelligent, but science is easy and we need your help”（作为一名专业的科

37、学家，Lintott说:“人们认为我们很聪明，但是科学很简单，我们需要你的帮助。”）可推知，Lintott认为科学家需要这些平民科学家的帮助，因此Lintott对平民科学是非常赞同的。故选A项。11. 主旨大意题。文章第一段通过对Andrew Grey这位平民科学家的介绍来引出全文；第二段中的 Mr. Grey is one of millions of citizen scientists helping researchers to expand collective understanding.说明这样的平民科学家目前有很多；第五段中的 And citizen science doesn

38、t have to be directed by a scientist 说明想成为平民科学家并不难。再通过下文中regular people, help from everyday people, science is easy这些字眼可判断，文章主要讲述了普通人也可以研究科学，成为科学家，C项Anyone can be a scientist.很好地概括了全文的主旨大意。故选C项。II.七选五 Could your body replace mobile-device batteries? Researchers have developed a way to create the pow

39、er equivalent (相当于)of two double-A batteries, using nothing more than motion of the human bodv.12. The energy is captured and used by nano generators(纳米发电机）, according to a team of scientists from Georgia Institute of Technology. This research, presented at a meeting of the American Chemical Society

40、, demonstrated how a small, flexible chip containing millions of tiny wires500 times thinner than a human haircould use the human heart to create electrical energy. 13. Any kind of bodily movement could theoretically be used to generate power, and nano wires can also generate electricity in response

41、 to wind, rolling tires, or other kinds of motion. 14. But these most recent findings do signal a breakthrough.Researchers are convinced the technology has a future. “A few volts may not seem like much. 15. ” said the projects lead scientist, Zhong Lin Wang. Additional nano wires and more nano gener

42、ators, put together, could produce enough energy for powering larger electronics. 16. ”A. The technology is not new.B. Then we can use it to charge an iPod or a cell phone.C. Anything from walking to a standing heartbeat could produce energy.D. So it is necessary to save energy in case we run out of

43、 it at the sky point.E.There is still a long way to apply this kind of technology in our daily life.F.The researchers used a nano generator to power an LED light and LCD display.G.But it has grown by leaps and bounds over previous versions of the nano generator.【答案】12. C13. F14. A15. G16. B【分析】本文主要介

44、绍了经科学家研究：人的任何运动都能产生能量，我们可以尝试着去利用这种能源。12. C考查上文和句意理解。根据下文：这种能量可以被纳米发电机捕获和利用。可知上文：任何动作，从步行到站立的心跳，都能产生能量。下文中的the energy是指上文提到的“步行或心跳所产生的能量。故选C.13. F考查上文和句意理解。根据上文说：人类如何利用芯片去扑捉人类心跳所产生的能量。可知下文：研究人员使用纳米发电机给LED灯和液晶显示器供电。下文对上文如何获取能量做出了解释。故选F.14. A考查上文和句意理解。根据上文说任何运动都能产生能量，可能利用风能，滚动轮胎等去产生动能，这种技术不是新的。下文又继续转折说

45、：虽然不是新技术，但是现在对这种技术已经有所突破。这故选A.15. G考查上文和句意理解。根据下文：增加的纳米线和更多的纳米发电机被放在一起，可以产生足够的能量给更大的电子设备供电。可知上文：但它的发展与之前版本的纳米发电机相比有了很大的飞跃。下文就是解释到底是哪方面的飞跃。故选G.16. B考查上文和句意理解。根据上文：增加的纳米线和更多的纳米发电机被放在一起，可以产生足够的能量给更大的电子设备供电。因为有了足够的电了，可知下文：然后我们就可以给iPod或手机充电了。故选B.III.完形填空The sound of the rain hitting the windows wakes me

46、up and it sounds just exactly as it did l5 years ago，which reminded me of my girlhood.It was my second day of 17 and it was raining heavily.I could not 18 the habit I had at home，so I fell asleep right at my 19 .I woke up to find myself not in the classroom but carried on Dads back. We were 20 home.

47、It was the last time I felt 21 to him.After that，he never carried me or hugged me as other fathers did to their children.I was not bothered much by this 22 .I was proud of it, for I felt 23 and “grown up”.However，there were times when I felt depressed by not having searched for 24 from him.One day.I

48、 was writing Chinese characters as homework.I hated doing this more than anything.Dad came and stood behind me for a moment， 25 me scratching(勾抹)the paper.Then he said，“This kind of writing needs 26 .Your writing is not strong enough.Press harder.”I followed his 27 for the next two weeks, but 28 I c

49、ould see little improvement, I followed my own method- the 29 way.His advice did not improve my writing but our 30 .As I grew older，I found out that he had finished his 31 in Grade 6，which was the highest grade in town then，so he was considered to be a 32 . People used to ask him to write something

50、to put on the walls, but he never felt very useful.He often said to me，“As you can see，this family is going to count on(指望)you.We are 33 to improve you anything for your future. You have to get 34 to change the life for yourself.”As a result of his 35 , I have 36 it through high school and through c

51、ollege.17. A. Graduation B. School C. College D. Employment18. A. develop B. break C. follow D. resist19. A. dormitory B. door C. bed D. desk20. A. at B. already C. halfway D. beyond21. A. close B. near C. relaxed D. happy22. A. gap B. action C. thought D. scene23. A. lonely B. independent C. depres

52、sed D. comfortable24. A. comfort B. help C. support D. explanation25. A. guiding B. watching C. directing D. blaming26. A. skill B. time C. patience D. practice27. A. introduction B. manner C. spirit D. advice28. A. even if B. while C. though D. as29. A. difficult B. slow C. fast D. entertaining30.

53、A. relationship B. friendship C. thought D. reality31. A. dream B. career C. hope D. schooling32. A. writer B. scientist C. scholar D. specialist33. A. tired B. useless C. glad D. ready34. A. an education B. a rich boyfriend C. a well-paid job D. a good writing35. A. help B. examination C. expectati

54、ons D. watch36. A. succeeded B. made C. got D. found【答案】17. B18. D19. D20. C21. A22. C23. B24. A25. B26. C27. D28. D29. C30. A31. D32. C33. B34. A35. C36. B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。雨点打在窗户上的声音把作者吵醒了，听起来和5年前一样，这让作者想起了她的少女时代。由于作者父亲的期望，作者已经通过高中和大学完成了学业。17. 考查名词。A. Graduation毕业；B. School学校；C. College大学； D. Emplo

55、yment雇佣。由girlhood可知，应为上学(更有可能是小学)的第二天。故选B。18. 考查动词。A. develop发展；B. break打破；C. follow跟随；D. resist抵抗。句意：抵抗/制不了在家时的习惯(就睡着了)。故选D。19. 考查名词。A. dormitory宿舍；B. door门；C. bed床；D. desk课桌。由上文可知睡了，且在学校(教室)，故应为“伏在桌上睡了”。故选D。20. 考查副词。A. at 在-；B. already已经；C. halfway在中途；D. beyond在远处。由前句可知，发现自己不在教室，而在爸爸的背上，可知父亲背着她回家，

56、在回家的半路上。故选C。21. 考查形容词。A. close亲密的；B. near近的；C. relaxed放松的；D. happy高兴的。feel/be close to sb和某人很亲近/密。故选A。22. 考查名词。 A. gap间隙；B. action行动；C. thought思想；D. scene场面。根据I was not bothered much by this.可知，我对这个想法不太在意。故选C。23. 考查形容词。A. lonely寂寞的；B. independent独立的；C. depressed沮丧的；D. comfortable舒适的。由下面的grown up可知应为

57、independent，互相对应。故选B。24. 考查名词。A. comfort舒适；B. help帮助；C. support支持；D. explanation解释。seek comfort from sb从某人那儿得到舒适/安慰。故选A。25. 考查动词。A. guiding引导；B. watching观看；C. directing 指导；D. blaming责备。这里指父亲站在我后面看我乱涂。故选B。26. 考查名词。A. skill技能；B. time时间；C. patience耐心；D. practice实践。父亲说练书法是需要耐心的，这里是针对我(没有耐心)乱涂一气而说的。故选C。2

58、7. 考查名词。A. introduction介绍；B. manner方式；C. spirit精神； D. advice建议。指上文父亲给我的忠告。故选D。28. 考查连词。A. even if 即使；B. while当-时候；C. though尽管；D. as由于。根据I followed his.for the next two weeks, but.I could see little improvement, I followed my own method- the.way.可知，在接下来的两个星期里，我听从了他的建议，但由于我看不到什么进步，我遵循了我自己的方法快速的方法。此处是a

59、s引导的原因状语从句，故选D。29. 考查形容词。A. difficult困难的；B. slow慢慢的；C. fast快速的； D. entertaining令人愉快的。指又采用自己的老方法写字(写得很马虎，当然很快的方式)。故选C。30. 考查名词。A. relationship关系；B. friendship友谊；C. thought思想；D. reality现实。与父亲之间的关系，故选A。31. 考查名词。A. dream梦想；B. career职业；C. hope希望；D. schooling学校教育。根据As I grew older，I found out that he had

60、finished his.in Grade 6，which was the highest grade in town then，so he was considered to be a.可知，随着年龄的增长，我发现他在6年级的时候就完成了他的学业，这是当时镇上最高的成绩，所以他被认为是一个学者。故选D。32. 考查名词。A. writer作者；B. scientist科学家；C. scholar学者；D. specialist专家。scholar学者，有学问的人，这里指父亲被在小镇里的人认为是最有学问的人。故选C。33. 考查形容词。A. tired疲倦的；B. useless有用的；C.