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1、CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FOUR LEARNING STYLES(Sources: Lear ning Styles. FEDA, 1995; Honey & Mumford, The Ma nual of Lear ning Styles. 1992)ACTIVISTSREFLECTORSPRAGMATISTSTHEORISTSSTRENGTHSDoing thingsPu tting ideas into action Enjoy change and variety FlexibilityActing quicklyCollection of data from v
2、ariety of sources Looking at situations from various perspectives and grasping the big picturePractical application of ideasIntegrating theory and practiceDecision making in organisationsGett ing things doneCreating theoretical models ThoroughnessIndustriousnessVerbal skillsDeveloping and working wi
3、th systemsPREFERENCESNew experiencesTaking risksGetting involved in activities with peopleGetting things doneMore interested in people (how they behave and how they feel) than in structuresTo get involved directly and then reflect on the experienceMore concerned with processes than outcomesMore inte
4、rested in structural aspects of situations than in people.Hands On experienceDealing with ideasSolving problemsTo know the experts viewsTo work aloneCONCERNED ABOUTPersonal relevanceDoing what interests themPersonal meaning The feelings of others Maintaining wide ranging interestsHarmonyTesting thin
5、gs out to get correct solutionPractical application of what they learnDetailsQuality of information Accuracy of facts Personal effectiveness Intellectual abilityACTIVISTSREFLECTORSPRAGMATISTSTHEORISTSPREFERRED WAY OF LEARNING AND WORKINGLikes att ention, chairing meeting, leading discussions etc.PRE
6、FERRED WAY OF LEARNING AND WORKINGLikes att ention, chairing meeting, leading discussions etc.Self discovery, trial and error learningLearning by doingFlexible approaches to learningNot worried about gett ing it wrongCan work well with othersMore concerned with doing than thinking and feelingLikes t
7、o get stuck in without wasting timeLearning by listening and sharing ideas with othersGroup work and discussionsLooking for meaningResearching and reviewingThinking before doingBringing unity to diversity Standing back from events and observing what happensStrong need to work on practical, relevant
8、problemsTo use skills and tinker with thingsTest theories and apply common senseLooking at information in a logical way, and then act on it immediatelyWorkshop and laboratory teaching methodsTo solve problemsTo reason deductively when focusing on specific problemsMaking instinctive judgements based
9、on practicalityClear goals and adequate rewardsEnjoy being taught in a didactic wayPrefer to work individually rather than in groupsLike to have access to a lot of information/resourcesCollecting dataEnjoy readingTo specialisePlanning organising workThinking things through Reworking notes/essays to
10、achieve best resultsMake links between ideasExamining information carefullyCritically evaluating informationThinking sequentiallyDeductive reasoningACTIVISTSREFLECTORSPRAGMATISTSTHEORISTSDISADVANTAGE SDoing too many things at onceLack of planningPoor time management, leaving things to last minuteLac
11、k of att ention to detailNot checking/testing things outJumping in too quickly and not thinking things throughBeing too pushy at timesGiving insufficient consideration to alternative ways of doing thingsInability to stand back and allow others to take actionEasily distracted Waste too much time befo
12、re getting started Frustrated by action plansCan be too easy going Sometimes indecisive Can forget important detailsTend to work in bursts of energyInability to act spontaneouslyLack of patience with peoples suggestions Wantingtodoeverything their wayLack of imaginationPoor presentation Details can
13、get in the wayInability to consider alternativesIntolerance to woolly ideasOnly doing what is perceived as directly relevant to a given taskNeed to be in control and to do it aloneNot interested in concepts or theoriesNeed a lot of information before starting workReluctant to try anything newLike to do things in a set wayGet bogged down in theoryDont t
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