2022年专业英语翻译教案

1、浙江师范大学外国语学院课程大纲及教案专业名称： 英语专业 课程名称： 翻 译（1） 主导教材：毛荣贵新世纪大学英汉翻译教程 所属课程组： 翻 译 组 课程负责人： 合用年级： 英语专业本科级 200 5 200 6 年第 一 学期翻译（1）（2）课程大纲一、课程概况课程名称：翻译课程类别：专业基本课 课程编号：，学 分：4 学 时：68 开课学期：五、六二、课程教学目的和规定1、教学目的通过本课程的教学，协助学生有效提高翻译实践能力和理论结识，达到高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲对其翻译能力的基本规定，即：能运用翻译理论与技巧，将英美报刊上的文章以及文学原著译成汉语，或将国内报刊、杂志上的文章和一

2、般文学作品译成英语，译文忠实、流畅，译速每小时250-300个英文单词中文，使之可以胜任将来的中学英语教学以及其她波及翻译能力的工作。2、课程规定本课程为系列专业基本课，由英译汉和汉译英构成，规定学生按顺序修读。为达到课程教学的目的，采用讲练结合的方式，布置相称数量的课后作业规定学生准时按量完毕，并积极参与课堂讨论。三、教学内容与教学安排1、教学内容要点本课程教学以实践为主，理论为辅，重点是翻译技巧的简介与练笔，翻译内容波及各类文体、各个领域。课程安排按照讲练结合的原则展开，协助学生有环节有针对性地训练翻译的基本技能。通过大量的练习和讲评，强化学生对不同文本语体特点和翻译原则的结识，为其将来从

3、事翻译工作或运用英语作为工作语言打下坚实的双语转换实践基本。2、教学安排本课程教学根据教学大纲，安排在本科三年级上、下两学期进行，合计68学时，其中36学时为英译汉，32学时为汉译英，每周2学时。教学筹划容许授课教师在具体操作中有一定的灵活度，但至少应涉及如下3部分的主题内容：翻译概述（含翻译的原则、原则、过程、中外翻译简史及翻译名家的重要观点等）；翻译技巧讲练（简介重要的英汉互译技巧，结合学生的练笔进行讲评）；多视角的翻译实践与研究（不同领域的翻译实践及其操作原则与技巧，如外来词翻译、报刊标题及新闻翻译、旅游翻译、科技翻译、广告翻译、文化与翻译等；在实践的基本上开始涉猎翻译的前沿理论，提高学

4、生对翻译的理性结识，目的在于训练其解决问题的摸索能力，为其将来从事翻译实践或理论研究开辟一种窗口）。四、教材及重要参照资料教材：毛荣贵：新世纪大学英汉翻译教程，上海交通大学出版社毛荣贵：新世纪大学汉英翻译教程，上海交通大学出版社重要参照资料：Newmark, P. A Textbook of Translation. Shanghai: SFLEP, .Nida, E. A. Language, Culture, and Translating. Shanghai: SFLEP, 1993.Nida, E. A. Language and Culture: Contexts in Transl

5、ating. Shanghai: SFLEP, .陈宏薇：新实用汉译英教程，湖北教育出版社冯庆华：实用翻译教程(英汉互译) ，上海外语教育出版社杨平：名作精译中国翻译英译汉选萃，青岛出版社1998年版张培基：英汉翻译教程，上海外语教育出版社1980年版中国日报网站：汉英最新特色词汇，上海社会科学院出版社中国翻译杂志。五、作业与考核方式作业：有关翻译练习考核方式：课程考核以平时作业和期末闭卷考试相结合的方式，考核成绩由平时作业成绩（30%）和期末考试卷面成绩（70%）构成。Teaching Plan for Translation (1)Title of Lesson: A Brief Intr

6、oduction to Translation Week 1 Time Needed：Two periods（40 minutes per period）Teaching Objectives：Help the students achieve a basic understanding of translation: its nature, classification, evaluation criteria, the role of translator, etc.Briefly introduce to the students the development of translati

7、on in China.Key Teaching Points：The nature and evaluation criteria of translation.The difficulties involved in translating process.Difficult Teaching Points:The nature of translation. The evaluation criteria of translation.The influence of language / cultural barriers on translation.Teaching Content

8、s:Discussion:What is translation?What is a successful translation?What difficulties might occur in translating process?What is translation?Key words:source language(SL) / receptor language / target language(TL); reproduce; message / information; equivalence / correspondence Nature of translation (Eu

9、gene A. Nida): Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.Classification of translation:Oral interpretation / written translationHuman translation / machine trans

10、lationLiterary / scientific / political / commercial translationDomestication (naturalization) / foreignization (estrangement, alienation)Literal translation / free translationWhat is a successful translation?严复：信、达、雅 (faithfulness, expressiveness, elegance)傅雷：以效果而论，翻译应当象临画同样，所求的不在形似而在神似钱钟书：诱、讹、化Eug

11、ene A. Nida: natural / close; dynamic/functional equivalenceWhat difficulties might occur in translating process?Language / Cultural BarriersTranslatability is lower when (1) the work to be translated is quite distant both in time and space; (2) its form is very much unique; (3) the content is not s

12、hared in the two cultures. Betrayal: Loss / DistortionExample analysis:东边日出西边雨，道是无晴却有晴。纵一苇之所如，凌万顷之茫然The whole sky spangled gay twinkling stars, and the Milky Way is as distinct as though it had been washed and rubbed with snow for holiday.整个天空点缀着繁星，快活地眨着眼。天河那么清晰地显现出来，就仿佛有人在过节此前用雪把它擦洗过似的。He made you

13、a highway to my bed; But I, a maid, die maiden-widowed. Romeo and Juliet译文1：她要借你做牵引相思的桥梁 可是我却要做一种独守空闺的怨女而死去。译文2：她本要借你做捷径，登上我的床； 可怜我这处女，活守寡，到死是处女。In the long run there is a tendency: translation itself can convert intranslatability into translatability.e.g. crocodiles tears; science / democracyThe Ro

14、le of Translator:The craft of translator is deeply ambivalent; it is exercised in a radical tension between impulses to facsimile and impulses to appropriate recreation. George Steiner译者的技艺是一种深刻的矛盾体。这种技艺是在两种冲动的极度张力之间形成的：一方面是依样画葫芦的冲动，另一方面又有合适再创作的冲动。Metaphors for translator:A courier of the human spir

15、its （普希金）A sculptor who tries to recreate a work of paintingA straitjacketed dancerA musician / an actorTraduttori-traditori (Translators are traitors.)Responsibility of translator:Competent linguistic ability & bicultural knowledgeBeing as transparent as possibleBeing a good negotiatorThe Developme

16、nt of Translation in China:翻译史上的三个高峰期：汉至唐宋佛经的转译：支谦；鸠摩罗什；道安；玄奘 明清后来西欧科技文化的引进：徐光启；严复；林纾；（译才并世数严林康有为）五四之后的现代阶段：郭沫若；鲁迅；瞿秋白；傅雷；钱钟书Homework: 新世纪大学英汉翻译教程 （P. 46）Title of Lesson: Contrast between English and Chinese (1) Week 2 Time Needed：Two periods（40 minutes per period）Teaching Objectives：Introduce to th

17、e students some basic differences between English and Chinese.Briefly analyze the influence of these differences on translating.Key Teaching Points：The difference of language embodies the difference in thinking styles.Difficult Teaching Points:The embodiment of different syntactic features in transl

18、ating processTeaching Contents:Thinking Style and DictionInsubstantial（虚）vs. Substantial（实）Embodimente.g. In this new year, we face momentous uncertainties: war (or wars), a weak economy.译：这新的一年里，我们面临着战争（乃至持续的战争）、经济低迷等一系列重大的不拟定因素。Visualizatione.g. utterly quiet鸦雀无声e.g. In 1966 the North Korean team

19、made it to the quarter finals.译：1966年，北朝鲜队成功地踢进了四分之一决赛。Static（静）vs. Dynamic（动）Examples:1) Compare the following two sentences and decide which one is better: a) The pop star appeared on the stage, which caused the audience to stand up and applaud. b) The pop stars presence on the stage brought the a

20、udience to their feet in applause.2) Translate the following sentence:They are the employers of managers as much as they are the employs of workpeople. 译：她们不仅雇佣工人也雇佣经理。Thinking Style and SyntaxHypotaxis（附属构造）vs. Parataxis（并列构造）e.g. It is a pity, however, that Dr. Thomas seems not to have learned the

21、 real lesson that history offers us namely, that the “great breakthroughs” in any technology are always preceded by a radical change in how we view ourselves, and how we behave. （流水句）译：在任何技术获得“重大突破”之前，我们的行为和对自己的见解都会发生剧变这便是历史给我们的教训。遗憾的是，托马斯大夫似乎并未真正理解这一点。 （竹节句）Impersonal vs. PersonalInanimate noun (无灵

22、名词) as subjecte.g. Doubts began to creep into peoples minds about the likely success of the project.译：人们徐徐对这项筹划成功的也许性产生了怀疑。Preparatory word: ite.g. It hurts! (“it”: unspecified word 虚义词) 好疼！e.g. It just struck me that I still owe you for the concert tickets.译：我忽然想起还欠你音乐会的门票钱。Passive voice (hidden ag

23、ent/doer)e.g. It is generally believed that Hong Kong will continue to keep its prosperity and stability after its return to China.译：人们普遍觉得香港回归后会继续保持繁华和稳定。Subject-Prominent（主语句）vs. Topic-Prominent（主题句）Examples:1) We could only build one house with these materials. 译：这些材料只够我们盖一栋房子。2) I regard it as a

24、n honor that I am invited to your wedding.译：被邀请参与您的婚礼，我感到很荣幸。3) Bright colors and bold strokes characterize his early painting.译：她初期绘画的特性是色彩明亮、笔触大胆。HomeworkNow that you are in for it, you must carry on.Cigarettes were the death of me.If the man who was seen to take an umbrella from the City Church l

25、ast Sunday evening does not wish to get into trouble, he will return the umbrella to If you confer a benefit, never remember it; if you receive one, remember it always.Her sighs made it clear that she was unhappy.They had no running water where they lived. Nor did they have any conveniences of life

26、such as gas and electricity.Theatre will be reinvented and become much freer and more imaginative.Nowadays it is understood that a diet which contains nothing harmful may result in serious disease if certain important elements are missing.By the end of the war, 800 people had been saved by the organ

27、ization, but at a cost of 200 Belgian and French lives.It should be noted that he and she were extremely close allies.Reference versions:你既然沾上了手，就得干下去。（形象化）香烟断送了我的性命。（静动）上星期日傍晚，有人曾见某君在市教堂取走雨伞一把。取伞者如不肯卷入纠纷，还是将伞送至布劳德街10号为妙。（流水句竹节句）施恩勿记，受恩勿忘。（省略连接词）她唉声叹气，这阐明她不快乐。（物称人称）她们住的地方没有自来水，也没有煤气和电此类生活上的便利设施。（主语主

28、题）戏剧将脱胎换骨，变得更自由、更富想象力。（被动积极：受事者动词）如今人们懂得，如果食物中缺少了某些重要的成分，虽然其中不具有任何有害的物质，也会引起严重的疾病。（被动句泛称句）大战结束时，这个组织拯救了800人，但那是以200多比利时人和法国人的生命为代价的。（施事者直接作主语）应当指出，她和她是极为密切的盟友。（被动句无主句）Title of Lesson: Contrast between English and Chinese (2) Week 3 Time Needed：Two periods（40 minutes per period）Teaching Objectives：In

29、troduce to the students some basic differences between English and Chinese.Briefly analyze the influence of these differences on translating.Key Teaching Points：Lexical differences;Syntactic differences.Difficult Teaching Points:The embodiment of different syntactic features in translating processTe

30、aching Contents:Comment on the homeworkLexical DifferencesWord meaningExact equivalente.g. the Pacific Ocean; palace (*compare with dragon)No equivalente.g. mascon, cosplay a tendency of translatability (e.g. bar, disco)Partial equivalentPolysemy（一词多义）e.g. aunt, bird, drink, homelye.g. to cut wheat

31、/ cake / finger-nailse.g. to have dinner to have a beard to have very little Spanish to have doubts about their loyalty to have a letter from my cousin to have a difficult timeHomonymy（同形/ 同音异义）e.g. can; lead; bill; reed / readFixed expressionse.g. ready money / pocket money / easy money / hard mone

32、ye.g. Its six of one and half a dozen of the other.Word orderAttributive modifiersExamples:1) something important 重要的事 2) the ancient Chinese poet中国古代诗人3) a little, yellow, ragged, lame, unshaven beggar一种身材瘦小的叫化子，面黄肌瘦，衣衫褴褛，胡子拉渣的，还瘸着腿4) a candidate with little chance of success 一种当选但愿极微的候选人Adverbial

33、modifiersExamples:1) to develop rapidly迅速发展；extremely fast快极了/ 极快2) With a bag of books we walked across the garden in the gray light of the dawn. 我们提着一袋书，在晨曦中穿过了花园。3) He was quick to use self-deprecating humor to throw anyone off the scent. 为了困惑别人，她机灵地说些自我挖苦的笑话。4) He was born in Rome on May 27, 198

34、0. 她是1980年5月27日在罗马出生的。/ 她于1980年5月27日出生于罗马。Syntactic DifferencesTransformation of sentence structureSimple Sentence Complex Sentencee.g. His superior grades at high school enabled him to enroll at the tuition-free College of the City of New York.由于在中学成绩优秀，她进入了免费的纽约市立大学。Complex Sentence Simple Sentenc

35、ee.g. That he will come to the discussion is certain. 她肯定会来参与讨论的。e.g. He doesnt know what life means to him. 她不懂得人生的意义。Complex Sentence Complex Sentencee.g. Our men had gone quite a distance off before the enemy reinforcement troops came up. 我们的队伍已经走得很远了，敌人的增援部队才赶上来。e.g. This place is really beautif

36、ul, and many people bring their wives and families out here to live. 这地方实在美丽，（因此）许多人都带着家小搬来居住。Inverted Order Natural Ordere.g. Little did I then know the meaning of war and what it was in reality. 当时我的确还不太懂得战争的意义以及战争事实上是怎么回事。Passive Voice Active Voicee.g. He is respected by everybody. 人人都尊敬她。e.g. I

37、was told not to trust what I read in the newspaper. 有人告诉我不要相信报纸上读到的消息。Sentence orderTime ordere.g. He had flown in just the day before from Georgia where he had spent his vacation basking in the Caucasian sun after the completion of the construction job he had been engaged in in the South.译：她本来在南部从事

38、一项建筑工程；任务完毕之后，她就上格鲁吉亚去度假，享有高加索的阳光，昨天才坐飞机回来。Logic orderCause-result ordere.g. He had to stay at home yesterday owing to the bad weather.Condition result ordere.g. She will play the piano only if she is paid. 只有付给她报酬，她才乐意演奏钢琴。HomeworkPresentation task: PK台Please find the full word of PK and its origin

39、al meaning. Any related information would also be appreciated.Make a PPT document to present what you have learned about PK stage, which should not be longer then 5 minutes.At the end of the PPT, put in the source of your knowledge and the names of all your group members also.Translate the following

40、 paragraph:It seemed a point scored for her side when Joanne, panicked that her father-in-law would bungle the turnoff for the Pulaski Skyway, shattered the tip of her cigarette against the back of the seat and a live ash fell on the babys belly. It went unnoticed for a second until Corinne screamed

41、; then they all saw it, a little flea of fire glowing beside the perfect navel. Joanne jumped, and squealed with guilt, and flapped her hands and stamped her feet and hugged the baby against her, but the evidence could not be destroyed; a brown dot of char on the globe of immaculate skin. Corinne co

42、ntinued her screams, splicing them with shrill hard gasps of intake, while everyone rummaged through purses and pockets for Vaseline, butter, toothpaste anything for an urgent. Mother had a tiny bottle of toilet water given her in a department store; Joanne dabbed some of this on, and in time Corinn

43、e, shaken by more and more widely spaced spasms of sobbing, mercifully dragged her injury with her into the burrow of sleep.Reference version: 琼恩正觉得自己领先了一分呢，忽然间她的公公在拐弯驶向普拉斯基公路时差一点要出车祸；她一惊之下，手里的烟头碰上车座靠背，发烫的烟灰（燃着的烟灰）落在了婴儿的肚子上。起初的一瞬间谁也没有注意，等到科琳大声哭了起来，人们这才看见有跳蚤那么大的一颗火星儿在那十全十美的肚脐边上闪着亮。琼恩弹（蹦）了起来，满怀罪恶感地尖叫着

44、，又是拍手又是跺脚，把孩子紧紧搂在怀里。然而罪证是无法销毁的了，在白璧无瑕的滚圆的肚皮上，烫出了一粒棕色的圆点。科琳哭得死去活来，不时凄厉地倒抽一口气。这时人们翻钱包，摸衣兜，找凡士林，黄油，牙膏总之，能当药膏用的就行。妈妈拿出一小瓶花露水，是一家百货公司的赠品；琼恩把它轻轻地抹在孩子的伤处上。徐徐地，科琳抽噎的间歇拉长了，又过了一阵，她总算饶了她们，带着伤进入了梦乡。Title of Lesson: Transfer of Word Meaning Week 4 Time Needed：Two periods（40 minutes per period）Teaching Objectives

45、：Acquaint the students with a general idea about how to transfer the wording meaning properly.Key Teaching Points：Choice of word meaning.Commendatory sense and derogatory senseAmplification of word meaningDifficult Teaching Points:Commendatory sense and derogatory senseAmplification of word meaningT

46、eaching Contents:RepresentationComment on the homeworkChoice of Wording Meanings（词义的选择）Context:The meaning and/or the word class of a polyseme can only be decided in certain context. For example:cover:They laid him on a stretcher and covered him with a blanket.The bandages were covered in blood.We c

47、overed 400km in three hours.Do these parking restrictions cover residents as well as visitors?The new office will cover the whole of Scotland.Shes covering the American election for BBC television.Im going to the doctors tomorrow so do you think you could cover my shift for me?Will 50 cover your exp

48、ense?Does your travel insurance cover you against the loss or theft of cash?I think more singers have covered “Yesterday” than any other song.Weve got all the exits covered, so theyve got no chance of escape.Reference Version:她们把她放上担架，给她盖上毯子。绷带上浸透了血。三个小时我们赶了400公里路。这些停车限制对本地住户和外来人员同样合用吗？新的办事处业务遍及全苏格兰

49、。 她在为英国广播公司的电视台报道美国大选。明天我要去看医生，你能替我代班吗？50英镑够你花了吗？你的旅行保险金能补偿你的钞票丢失或失窃吗？我想和其她她歌相比，“Yesterday”被更多的歌手翻唱过。我们封锁了所有的出口，使她们插翅难逃。 back:She put the saddle on the horses back.She backed the car out of the narrow road.Will you back me against the others?The organization is backed by the U.N.Our cat has broken o

50、ne of her back legs.When you have done with these magazines, remember to put them back.Reference Version:她把马鞍放在马背上。她把车子倒出窄路。你会支持我反对其她人吗？该组织由联合国资助。我们的猫断了一条后腿。你读完杂志后记得放回原处。Collocation:Sometimes different Chinese Words should be employed to transfer the same English word in order to form proper colloca

51、tion. e.g. exercise: exercise options（行使选择权）；exercise monopoly（实行垄断）； exercise judgment（作出判断）；exercise democracy（实行民主）； exercise responsibility（履行责任）；exercise influence（施加影响）Word Form:In many cases, different word forms (such as tense, plural form, etc.) lead to great difference in word meaning. For

52、 example: 1) The roofs of this pagoda are constructed of colored glazed tiles of yellows and greens.这座宝塔的塔顶是用深浅不同的黄色和绿色的琉璃瓦盖成的。 2) She rejected his advances during the trip to Cannes. 在去戛纳的路程中她回绝了她的求爱。Commendatory Sense or Derogatory Sense（词义的褒贬）The word itself has commendatory sense or derogatory s

53、ense.For instance:He was a man of high renown. 她是位有名望的人。His notoriety as a rake did not come until his death. 她作为流氓/放荡的恶名是她死后才传开来的。The tasks carried out by them are praiseworthy. 她们进行的事业是值得赞扬的。Henry keeps boasting that he has talked to the President. 亨利总是吹嘘说她曾同总统谈过话。The word itself is neutral but sh

54、ow commendatory or derogatory sense in certain context.For example:Those who do not remember the past are condemned to relive it. 但凡忘掉过去的人注定要重蹈覆辙。He was a man of integrity, but unfortunately he had a certain reputation. I believe the reputation was not deserved. 她是个诚实正直的人，但却不幸有某种坏名声。我相信她不该有这个坏名声。The

55、 word itself has both commendatory sense AND derogatory sense.译者在拟定词义时必须把握措辞分寸，精确地传达其情感色彩。 For example:He is an aggressive salesman. 她是个很有进取心/干劲的销售员。Aggressive photographers followed the princess everywhere and flooded the media with photos of her private life. 无孔不入的照相师们到处跟踪王妃，使得媒体上充斥着有关她私生活的照片。Hitl

56、er carried out an aggressive policy after he seized power. 希特勒摄取政权之后，履行了侵略政策。Amplification of Word Meaning（词义的引申）虚实引申具体化引申 英语中也用代表抽象概念或属性的词表达具体事物，译成汉语时一般作具体化引申（concretion) 。e.g. During the meeting, the Chinese Premier met respectively with his German, British and Japanese counterparts. 会议期间，中国总理分别会面

57、了德国总理、英国首相和日本国内阁总理大臣。抽象化引申 英语中，特别是现代英语中，常用一种表达具体形象的词来表达一种属性、一种事物或一种概念。翻译此类词时，一般将词义加以抽象化引申（abstraction)，使译文流畅、自然。e.g. There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in his character. 她的性格既凶暴又狡猾。 术语移用e.g. Ulysses Grant once explained his military success by writing, “The fact is I think I am a verb, inst

58、ead of a personal pronoun.”尤利西斯格兰特将军曾对自己的军事成就作了如下评价：“事实上，我觉得自己是个动词（独立而富于行动）；而不是个人称代词（附属而被动）。” e.g. U.S. influence and prestige nosedived in Africa 美国在非洲的影响和声望急剧下降。 逻辑引申e.g. Really, though, the books were about money who has it, where to hide it, what a suit of clothing costs, how long you can keep t

59、he butcher waiting. 事实上，这些书与金钱息息有关谁得到了它，把它藏到哪儿，一身衣服要多少钱，你能在肉贩那儿赊多久的帐。HomeworkFind the different meaning of the single form and plural form of the following words:art 美术，艺术；技术arts 人文科学，文科chain 链条；连锁店chains 枷锁，镣铐charity 救济金；施舍物；宽敞charities 慈善机构cord （细）绳cords 灯心绒裤damage 损害damages 损害补偿费expectation期待，预期e

60、xpectations前程，成功的前景horizon 地平线horizons 眼界，见识liability 责任；不利条件liabilities 负债，债务peanut 花生peanuts 很少的钱possibility也许性possibilities发展前程；潜在价值proceed 迈进，着手proceeds （货款）收益，收入refreshment精神爽快refreshments茶点，点心sanction批准，承认sanctions国际制裁Title of Lesson: Converting Week 5 Time Needed：Two periods（40 minutes per pe