记忆方法训练课件

1、记忆方法训练记忆方法训练2导入 人，如果没有记忆力就无法发明和创造。伏尔泰 任何一个正常的人，都有惊人的记忆潜力，只要他有志学习，勤于锻炼，掌握科学有效的记忆方法，他就一定能提高记忆力。4导入 人，如果没有记忆力就无法发明和创造if you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to

2、 have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.What might account for this strange phenomenon? Here ar

3、e a few guesses: a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills; b) winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina; c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania; d) none of the above.

4、if you were to examine the birAnders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in “none of the above.” Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if

5、 he switched to psychology. His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. “With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,” Ericsson recalls. “He kept improving, and a

6、fter about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.”This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever in

7、born differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes” the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate pract

8、ice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. They g

9、ather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or, put another way, expert perfor

10、mers whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming are nearly always made, not born.Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-oldAnders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in “none of the above.” Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied

11、nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. “With the first subject, after about 20 hou

12、rs of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,” Ericsson recalls. “He kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.”This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the a

13、ct of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes” the information. And the best way to learn how to encode informat

14、ion meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.Ericsson and his colleagues

15、have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling a

16、ssertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or, put another way, expert performers whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming are nearly always made, not born.Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-oldsoccer skills; b) winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity

17、, which increases soccer stamina; c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania; d) none of the above.Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in “none of the above.” Eric

18、sson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. “With t

19、he first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,” Ericsson recalls. “He kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.”soccer skills; b) winter-born This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself

20、is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes”

21、 the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrati

22、ng as much on technique as on outcome.Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory expe

23、riments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or, put another way, expert performers whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming are nearly always made, not born.This success, coupled with lat如果你打算在

24、2006年世界杯锦标赛上调查所有足球运动员的出生证明，那么你很有可能发现一个引人注目的巧合：优秀足球运动员更可能出生于每年的前几个月而不是后几个月。如果你接着调查世界杯和职业比赛的欧洲国家青年队的话，那么你会发现这一奇怪的现象甚至更明显。什么可以解释这一奇怪的现象呢？下面是一些猜测：a）某种占星术征兆使人具备更高的足球技能；b）冬季出生的婴儿往往具有更高的供氧能力，这增加了踢足球的持久力；c）热爱足球的父母更可能在春季（每年足球狂热的鼎盛时期）怀孕；d）以上各项都不是。58岁的安德斯?埃里克森是佛罗里达州立大学的一名心理学教授，他说，他坚信“以上各项都不是”这一猜测。在瑞典长大的埃里克森，一直

25、研究核工程，直到他认识到，如果他转向心理学领域，他将会有更多机会从事自己的研究。他的首次试验是在大约30年以前进行的，与记忆相关：训练一个人先听一组任意挑选的数字，然后复述这些数字。“在经过大约20小时的训练之后，第一个试验对象（复述）的数字跨度从7个上升到20个，” 埃里克森回忆说。“该试验对象不断进步，在接受大约200个小时的训练后，他复述的数字已经达到80多个。”如果你打算在2006年世界杯锦标赛上调查所有足球运动员的出生这一成功，连同后来证明的记忆本身不是遗传决定的研究，使得埃里克森得出结论，即记忆过程是一种认知练习，而不是一种本能练习。换句话说，无论两个人在记忆力能力上可能存在怎样的

26、天生差异，这些差异都会被每个人如何恰当地“解读”所记的信息所掩盖。埃里克森确信，了解如何有目的地解读信息的最佳方法就是一个为人所知的有意练习过程。有意练习需要的不仅仅是简单地重复一个任务。相反，它包括确定明确的目标、获得即时的反馈以及技术与结果的浓缩。因此，埃里克森和他的同事开始研究包括足球领域在内的广泛领域中专业执行者。他们收集了能够收集的所有资料，不只是表现方面的统计数据和传记详细资料，还包括他们自己对取得很高成就的人员进行的实验室实验结果。他们的研究得出了一个非常令人惊奇的结论我们通常称为天分的特征被高估了。或者，换句话说，专业执行者无论是在记忆还是手术方面，在芭蕾还是计算机编程领域几乎

27、总是培养的，而不是天生的。这一成功，连同后来证明的记忆本身不是遗传决定的研究，使得埃里记忆方法训练 记忆方法训练记忆与记忆规律： 记忆是人脑对过去经验的保持和再现（回忆和再认）。感觉记忆（瞬间记忆） 短时记忆 （工作记忆）长时记忆 （永久记忆）记忆与记忆规律： 记忆是人脑对过去经验的保持和再现（回忆记忆的规律：规律三：处在材料中间部分的内容容易遗忘。规律二：形象而有意义的材料更容易记忆；规律一：记忆过程中，遗忘先快后慢；记忆的规律：规律三：处在材料中间部分的内容容易遗忘。规律二：13测一测1、看题板上的十二个词汇，依次看一遍不重复，看能记住多少。 flyer wait thin dancer

28、smile fat singer digger planter washer boss fifty15测一测1、看题板上的十二个词汇，依次看一遍不重复，看能记你的测验结果是：学生1：学生2： 学生3：你的测验结果是：学生1：15测一测2、下面是一组图片，请你看一遍，不重复，时间5秒。你能依次记住几张图片名称？17测一测2、下面是一组图片，请你看一遍，不重复，时间5秒你的测验结果是：生1：生2：你的测验结果是：17探索与体验一： 1、一张五元的人民币，它的反面是什么图案？ 2、同学向你借了500元钱，你会忘记吗？ 19探索与体验一： 1、一张五元的人民币，它的反面是什18探索与体验一： 3、请你

29、用10秒时间数一数，下面这些数字中有多少个7？ 5 9 7 4 7 6 5 7 0 3 2 5 6 7 9 4 1 5 7 6 2 8 7 4 5 6 7 2 0 7请勿用笔做标记20探索与体验一： 3、请你用10秒时间数一数，下面这19探索与体验一： 3、请说出你的答案； 上面那些数字中有多少个5？21探索与体验一： 3、请说出你的答案；讨论： 为什么我们大多没有记住五元人民币的反面，却不会忘记别人借我们的500元钱？ 小结：记忆的第一个诀窍，就是记忆要有明确的目的性。讨论： 为什么我们大多没有记住五元人民币的反面，却不会21探索与体验二 请勿用笔记1、请同学们记（10秒）： 华 市 东 学

30、 六 重 省 点 中 一23探索与体验二 请勿用笔记122你记住的是： 生1：生2：24你记住的是： 生1：23探索与体验二 请勿用笔记2、请同学们再记（10秒） 华 东 六 省 一 市 重 点 中 学25探索与体验二 请勿用笔记2、请同学们再记（124你记住的是： 生1：生2：26你记住的是： 25探索与体验二3、请同学们再记（30秒） 秋 峥 骨 古 篇 千 落 磊 遗 万 存 在 风 嵘27探索与体验二3、请同学们再记（30秒）26你记住的是： 生1：生2：28你记住的是： 27探索与体验二4、请同学们再记（30秒） 磊 落 遗 篇 千 秋 在 峥 嵘 风 骨 万 古 青29探索与体验二

31、4、请同学们再记（30秒）28你记住的是： 生1：生2：30你记住的是： 29讨论 在这两个对比实验中,为什么我们大多没有记住前一条，而后一条都记住了？ 小结：记忆的第二个诀窍，就是要在理解的基础上记忆。31讨论 在这两个对比实验中,为什么我们大多没有记住前一条，30探索与体验三下面这个曲线图是著名的艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线，看了这个曲线，你得到了什么启发？32探索与体验三下面这个曲线图是著名的艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线，看了你的认识：你的认识：艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线 德国著名心理学家艾宾浩斯经过反复实验，发现遗忘是有规律的，即先快后慢，先多后少，识记过的事物，一天内被遗忘的最多，遗忘率达55%以上，一个月后的遗忘率

32、为72%左右，自此以后就基本上不再遗忘了。根据这条规律，我们当天所学的功课要当天及时复习，学好一个单元后进行复习，考试前再复习，这样就容易记住所学的知识了。 艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线 德国著名心理学家艾宾浩斯经过反复实验，发现33说一说请你回答：在你的学习活动中，你认为是及时复习有利于提高学习效率，还是以后某个阶段集中复习有利于提高学习效率？你平时是怎么安排复习的，学习效果怎么样？35说一说请你回答：在你的学习活动中，你认为是及时复习有利于请你归纳 ：记忆的第三个诀窍： 及时复习，经常复习，是提高记忆效率的重要方法请你归纳 ：记忆的第三个诀窍：要克服遗忘，就要学会利用一些关键期（遗忘大幅度发生的时间段

33、） 要克服遗忘，就要学会利用一些关键期（遗忘大幅度发生的时间段）36探索与体验四：1、下面这组数字，请你看一遍，看看能记住多少 2、7、3、1、8、4、9、6、7、3、1、538探索与体验四：1、下面这组数字，请你看一遍，看看能记住多体验结果:生1:生2:体验结果:识记处在中间部分的材料容易忘记，由于受前后材料的干扰。开头和结尾的内容容易被记住。利用规律：规律三1.可先将课文分成若干小段加以记忆，然后再串起来记忆；2.试图记忆与反复阅读结合起来。单纯重复阅读效果并不好，应该在记忆材料还没有完全记住前就积极地尝试回忆，当回忆不起来时再进行阅读，这样容易记住，出错率小，花费时间也变短。识记处在中间

34、部分的材料容易忘记，由于受前后材料的干扰。开头和组块法如果我们换一种方法记，会有什么效果？2、7、3、1、8、4、9、6、7、3、1、5组块法40方法一请同学们把下列这组数字分四组来记，也是看一遍，看能记住多少： 1 4 9 1 6 2 5 3 6 4 9 6 4 8 142方法一你的记忆结果:生:你的记忆结果:42心理小博士在短时间内要记住一列长数字并不容易，因为受短时记忆容量的限制，一般只能记72个单位。要想在短时间内增加记忆数量，可以通过组块方式来记，如，上列数字分成四段记就容易多了。小结：第四个诀窍组块记忆（分段记忆）44心理小博士在短时间内要记住一列长数字并不容易，因为受短时43练习

35、 1.记数字77582583651681011949200811122.用组块法记英语单词 dictionary congratulate。45练习 1.记数字77582583651681011949延伸用组块法记英语单词 radioactive 放射线的 radiate 放射，散发 radium 镭 radius 半径延伸用组块法记英语单词45方法二请同学们记一记这则朝代口诀，你觉得这样记容易吗？对你的学习有什么启发？ 唐尧虞舜夏商周 春秋战国乱悠悠 秦汉三国晋统一 南朝北朝是对头 隋唐五代又十国 宋元明清帝王休47方法二请同学们记一记这则朝代口诀，你觉得这样记容易吗？对46小结 口诀法也是可以常用的记忆方法，不仅朗朗上口， 容易记住，而且有助于保持和回忆。 48小结 口诀法也是可以常用的记忆方法，不仅朗朗上口，47方法三 有一种记忆方法叫归类记忆法。请同学们跟老师用这种方法记下组图片： 49方法三 有一种记忆方法叫归类记忆法。请同学们跟老师归类