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1、施工工艺标准汇编预制外墙板构造防水施工工艺标准(4291996) 范围 本工艺标准适用于预制外墙板空腔构造防水施工工艺。 施工准备 2。1 材料及主要机具: 2.1.1 普通型自发性聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料(简称聚苯板),厚15,20mm. 2。1。2 聚氯乙烯软型塑料板,厚度1。5,2mm。 2。1。3 聚氯乙烯软型塑料管,20mm。 2。1。4 建筑石油沥青,30号甲或30号乙,或选用普通五油沥青,75号或65号. 2.1.5 冷底子油,或3%甲基硅酸钠(有机硅)。 2.1.6 聚乙烯酸缩甲醛(107胶)。 2.1.7 350号石油沥青纸胎油毡。 2.1。8 聚醋酸乙烯酯(乳液). 2。1。9 水

2、泥:325号普通硅酸盐水泥或矿渣硅酸盐水泥。 2.1。10 中砂:含泥量不大于3. 2。1.11 防水油膏。(胶泥):有建筑油膏、聚氯乙烯胶泥、双组份聚氨酯嵌缝胶泥、氯磺化聚乙烯密封膏等。根据设计要求选用。 2。1。12 防水涂料:有氯丁胶乳沥青涂料、聚氯乙烯涂料、聚氨酯涂料等,根据设计选用. 2。1.13 鱼油或光油等. 注:以上材料质量与性能必须符合设计要求。 2.1.14 主要机具:手锯、裁刀、剪刀、直尺、刮刀、电阻丝切割器、电炉、熬沥青桶、淋水花管、胶皮管子。 2.2 作业条件: 2。2.1 裁保温条:用电阻丝切割器将聚苯板裁成条,条宽视设计图纸的外墙构造而定,宽度适宜,长度比外墙板空

3、腔防水槽长出50mm。如聚苯板长度不够,可用牛皮纸涂乳胶将聚苯板接长。 2.2.2 裁油毡条:用锯将油毡裁成条,长宽与聚苯板相同。 2。2。3 油毡防水保温条:用电炉或火将沥青熬化(熬制温度不宜过高,以不烫坏聚苯板为宜),用热沥青将油毡条与聚苯条粘牢压紧。 2。2.4 裁塑料防水条:将聚氯乙烯塑料板裁成条。长度和宽度必须和墙缝宽度相适应,其宽度为立缝宽加25mm,高度为层高加100,150mm,以便封闭空腔上口,下端剪成圆弧形缺口,以便安排水孔. 2.2.5 塑料排水管:将聚乙烯塑料管截成60mm长的小段,一端削成尖状备用,见图443。 be the order of installation

4、。 (3) the pipeline installation, the hose should be checked, mirror and lens pad out of the metal seal of light, without any scratches, pits, rust。 Low pressure pipe flange sealing and gasket shall not affect seal performance defects such as scratches, spots。 (4) highstrength bolts should be cleaned

5、, Visual inspection no defects, and coated with molybdenum disulfide to protect. (5) high pressure flange and pipe ends threaded connections, pipethread chamfer should be exposed, pad of the lens. (6) should be accurately into the flange sealing surfaces, a pair of flange connections should be kept

6、parallel to each other, the deviation shall not be greater than the flange outer diameter of 1.5 and less than 2mm, not use stronger bolts deskewing method. (7) the flange connection should be maintained and pipes concentric, and should ensure that the bolts free to put them in。 (8) the high voltage

7、 end threads of the pipe should be cleaned, the surface shall not be defective。 (9) flange connections bolts should use the same specifications, installation should be consistent, when fastening bolts symmetrically even。 Elastic moderate, after fastening bolts and nuts should be flush。 High-temperat

8、ure piping hot tight the bolts should also, tight hot working temperature should be maintained after 2 hours. (10) pipeline installation allows deviation meet following provides: project allows deviation coordinates overhead and the trench indoor 15 Outdoor Indoor 25 elevation overhead and the trenc

9、h outdoor ? 15 2L maximum 50 ? 20 level pipeline straight degrees DN ? 100 3L maximum 80 DN , 100 3L maximum 80 State tube lead vertical degrees 5L maximum 30 into row pipeline spacing 15 20 (11) pipeline connection Shi, shall not strong counterpart, added partial pad or added multilayer pad of Meth

10、od to eliminate the interface port space, skewed, not one after the HiLo and other defects. 图443 2。2.6 检查外墙板防水构造的尺寸及形状是否完整,如有损坏、堵塞、蜂窝麻面等缺陷,应认真进行修补。 2.2。7 将外墙板的立槽和空腔刷防水涂料。用冷底于油或3的甲基硅酸钠溶液涂料涂刷. 2.2。8 当地下室为现浇钢筋混凝土而首层以上为预制外墙板时,首层应按图纸现制通长整体混凝土档水台,外侧做排水坡。应在基础或地下室圈梁中预留插筋,配纵向钢筋,支模后浇豆石混凝土,待混凝土强度达5MPa后,方准安装首层外

11、墙板,见图444。 操作工艺 3.1 工艺流程: 做立缝防水?做平缝防水?做十字缝防水 ?其他部位防水?淋水试验 3.2 做立缝防水: 3。2.1 插油毡防水保温条:当外墙板安装就位妥当后,立即将键槽钢筋焊接完毕,在外墙节点(组合柱)钢筋绑扎前,将油毡防水保温条嵌插到底,周边严密,不得鼓出崩裂,也不得分段接插.油毡防水保温条的宽度应适宜,防止浇筑墙体混凝土时。堵塞空腔。 3。2。2 插放塑料防水条:插放时要按实际宽度选用合适尺寸的防水条,防止过宽、过窄、脱槽、卷曲滑脱,如有上述现象应立即更换.防水条的上部与档水台交接要严密,下部插到排水斜坡上,以便封闭空腔防水,防止杂物掉入空腔内.施工时防水条

12、必须随层同步从上往下插入空腔内,严禁从外墙立面向后塞。在嵌插防水条前,要检查立缝空腔后的油毡防水保温条是否有破损,应及时修补;将浇筑组合柱时洒出的灰浆石子等杂物清理干净,如立缝过窄无法清理时,此缝不能再做构造防水,应进行处理后用防水油膏嵌实填满,改做材料防水。塑料防水条本身具有弹性,便于弯曲嵌插,而且作为勾缝灰浆的底模,所以用砂浆勾缝时,用力不宜过大,以防止防水条脱槽造成空腔堵塞。 3。3 做平缝防水: 3.3.1 平缝的防水效果主要取决于外墙板的安装质量。因此,外墙板就位后要达到上下两板垂直平整,垫块高度合适。做好被水、挡水台的保护,保证平腔完整、平直和畅通。将平腔内塞入油毡卷后,外面再勾上

13、水泥砂浆。油毡卷作为勾缝砂浆的底模,勾缝时用力要均匀,不宜过大,防止将油毡推到里面去堵塞空腔。平缝防水做法见图446。 3.3.2 当披水与挡水台于碰或之间用漏浆堵塞严无法剔去时,此种缝应全部内填防水油膏或胶泥,外勾水泥砂浆。当平缝过宽或被水损坏,被水向里错台过大时,要在缝内先塞“6”字或“8”字型油毡卷,外勾水泥砂浆。见图4-47。 3。4 做十字缝防水:在勾立缝、水平缝砂浆之前将半圆型塑料排水管插入十字缝内,可伸出墙皮15mm,并向下倾斜。施工前应检查立缝上端塑料条与挡水台接触是否严密,高度及卷翻是否合适,如有缝隙必须用油膏密封。下层塑料be the order of installati

14、on. (3) the pipeline installation, the hose should be checked, mirror and lens pad out of the metal seal of light, without any scratches, pits, rust. Low pressure pipe flange sealing and gasket shall not affect seal performance defects such as scratches, spots。 (4) high-strength bolts should be clea

15、ned, Visual inspection no defects, and coated with molybdenum disulfide to protect。 (5) high pressure flange and pipe ends threaded connections, pipe-thread chamfer should be exposed, pad of the lens。 (6) should be accurately into the flange sealing surfaces, a pair of flange connections should be k

16、ept parallel to each other, the deviation shall not be greater than the flange outer diameter of 1.5% and less than 2mm, not use stronger bolts deskewing method。 (7) the flange connection should be maintained and pipes concentric, and should ensure that the bolts free to put them in。 (8) the high vo

17、ltage end threads of the pipe should be cleaned, the surface shall not be defective。 (9) flange connections bolts should use the same specifications, installation should be consistent, when fastening bolts symmetrically even。 Elastic moderate, after fastening bolts and nuts should be flush. High-tem

18、perature piping hot tight the bolts should also, tight hot working temperature should be maintained after 2 hours. (10) pipeline installation allows deviation meet following provides: project allows deviation coordinates overhead and the trench indoor 15 Outdoor Indoor 25 elevation overhead and the

19、trench outdoor ? 15 2L maximum 50 ? 20 level pipeline straight degrees DN ? 100 3L maximum 80 DN , 100 3L maximum 80 State tube lead vertical degrees 5L maximum 30 into row pipeline spacing 15 20 (11) pipeline connection Shi, shall not strong counterpart, added partial pad or added multilayer pad of

20、 Method to eliminate the interface port space, skewed, not one after the HiLo and other defects。 条的上端应塞在立墙后侧,封严上口,上层塑料条下端插到下层外墙板的排水坡上。十字缝防水做法如图448. 3.5 其他部位的材料防水: 3。5。1 阳台(包括反槽阳台、平板阳台)防水:阳台的上、下侧立缝必须用油膏嵌缝,外勾砂浆保护,下缝嵌油膏的长度两端各不少于30cm,上缝如遇瞎缝时,要剔出20mm20mm缝隙,清理干净,涂刷冷底子油后,再嵌入油膏,侧立缝与上层墙板空腔立缝交接处应通长嵌入油膏,做好排水坡,

21、留排水管。相邻两块阳台板间缝上下都要勾缝,中间用油膏嵌填密实。 3.5。2 雨罩、遮阳板防水做法参照阳台防水。 3。5。3 女儿墙防水:当采用构造防水时,要与外墙板平缝、立缝做法相同,内侧立缝应嵌防水油膏。当采用材料防水时,必须使平缝、外立缝、顶缝、内立缝交圈密封,内立缝嵌油膏应与屋顶油毡防水搭接。女儿墙顶部做豆石混凝土压顶并做泛水(向内做泛水)。 3。5。4 各种穿墙管洞必须按设计要求嵌填油膏。在平、立缝遇有穿墙管洞时,必须整条嵌填油膏.在结构施工时,为挂外架子在墙上留的洞,应当用防水砂浆堵塞,在距表面2cm处嵌塞防水砂浆,外面再用砂浆找平。 3。6 外墙勾缝后,应涂刷防水涂料两道,厚度应不

22、小于1。5mm,防止因砂浆收缩产生裂缝渗水。 3.7 油膏嵌缝施工时应注意以下几点: 3.7.1 嵌缝部位的基层表面,必须平整、坚实、干燥,并应将缝内接触面的尘土、杂物清理干净,然后刷冷底子油一道,按油膏?汽油=3?7配制成冷底子油,待其干燥后进行嵌缝处理. 3.7。2 嵌缝时将现成的油膏搓成20mm直径的条状塞入缝内,再用溜子压实,或用嵌缝枪挤嵌在缝内;如气温低油膏发硬,可将油膏适当加热进行软化(烘烤温度在60?以下),用刮刀填入缝内压实. 3。7.3 嵌缝油膏必须逐段压实,使其粘结牢固,不得有断裂。剥落、开口、下垂等现象;油膏嵌后,表面涂刷冷底子油一道,将油膏两边缝涂严,再用溜子压平、压实

23、。为了防止粘手,施工时可在手上、溜子上抹少量鱼油或光油,不得用机油,以免粘结不牢造成缝处渗水. 3。8 淋水试验:淋水试验是外墙板防水施工最后一道工序,在空腔防水全部做完后,未进行外装修之前,必须认真进行淋水试验,并做出试水记录. 质量标准 4.1 保证项目: 4。1.1 用于防水的各种材料的质量、技术性能,必须符合设计要求和施工规范的规定;必须有使用说明书和质量认证文件。并有“准用证,使用前做复试。 4.1.2 外墙板、女儿墙板防水构造必须完整,型号、尺寸和形状必须符合设计要求和有关规定,构件还应有出厂合格证. 4。1。3 外墙板、阳台、雨罩、女儿墙板等安装就位后,其标高,板缝宽度、坐浆厚度

24、应符合设计要求和施工规范的规定。 be the order of installation。 (3) the pipeline installation, the hose should be checked, mirror and lens pad out of the metal seal of light, without any scratches, pits, rust。 Low pressure pipe flange sealing and gasket shall not affect seal performance defects such as scratches, sp

25、ots. (4) highstrength bolts should be cleaned, Visual inspection no defects, and coated with molybdenum disulfide to protect. (5) high pressure flange and pipe ends threaded connections, pipethread chamfer should be exposed, pad of the lens。 (6) should be accurately into the flange sealing surfaces,

26、 a pair of flange connections should be kept parallel to each other, the deviation shall not be greater than the flange outer diameter of 1.5 and less than 2mm, not use stronger bolts deskewing method. (7) the flange connection should be maintained and pipes concentric, and should ensure that the bo

27、lts free to put them in。 (8) the high voltage end threads of the pipe should be cleaned, the surface shall not be defective. (9) flange connections bolts should use the same specifications, installation should be consistent, when fastening bolts symmetrically even. Elastic moderate, after fastening

28、bolts and nuts should be flush. Hightemperature piping hot tight the bolts should also, tight hot working temperature should be maintained after 2 hours. (10) pipeline installation allows deviation meet following provides: project allows deviation coordinates overhead and the trench indoor 15 Outdoo

29、r Indoor 25 elevation overhead and the trench outdoor ? 15 2L maximum 50 ? 20 level pipeline straight degrees DN ? 100 3L maximum 80 DN , 100 3L maximum 80 State tube lead vertical degrees 5L maximum 30 into row pipeline spacing 15 20 (11) pipeline connection Shi, shall not strong counterpart, added

30、 partial pad or added multilayer pad of Method to eliminate the interface port space, skewed, not one after the Hi-Lo and other defects。 4.1.4 油膏嵌缝必须严密,粘结牢固,无开裂,板缝两侧覆盖宽度超出各不小于20mm。 4。1。5 防水涂料必须平整、均匀,无脱落、起壳、裂缝、鼓泡等缺陷。 4。2 基本项目: 4.2.1 外墙板、阳台板、雨罩板、女儿墙板等接缝防水施工完成后,要进行立缝、平缝、十字缝的淋水试验检查。 4。2。2 对淋水试验发现的问题,要查明

31、渗漏原因,及时修理,修后继续做淋水试验,直到不再发生渗漏水时,方可进行外饰面施工。 4。2。3 对渗漏点的部位及修理情况应认真做记录,标明具体位置,作为技术资料列入技术档案备查。 4。2.4 嵌缝油膏表面平整密实,冷底子油要均匀,嵌缝的保护层粘结牢固,覆盖严密。 成品保护 5。1 填塞嵌缝膏及涂刷防水涂料时,不得污染墙面及门窗等处。 5。2 修补渗漏点处时,应注意保护已做好的墙面、阳台、雨罩等处的装饰面层。 应注意的质量问题 6。1 外墙板安装偏差大:板底垫灰过多,会使被水超高,造成平腔敞口;板底垫灰太少,造成下缝于碰,无空腔排水:板底垫灰不平,产生平腔一端积水排水不畅,并会造成立缝上卜宽度不

32、等,保温条、防水条施工困难;吊装外墙板时,上下两块不在一个水平面上,披水及挡水台干碰,造成毛细管吸水渗入室内;板本身几何尺寸不规格,有误差,也会产生上述现象.所以,空腔防水与外墙板安装质量关系密切。 6.2 渗漏水: 6.2.1 塑料管脱落、卷曲、歪斜、过软,勾缝后不能形成立缝空腔,造成渗漏水。 6。2.2 塑条上端与挡水台没有封口,下端没有放在板的排水坡上;立缝、平缝内的漏灰等杂物没有清理干净;墙板缺损没有修补好或修补方法不正确,造成渗漏. 6.2。3 立缝、平缝勾缝用力过大,将立缝塑料条挤压变形或与防水保温条靠贴,使立墙排水不良;或将平腔中所填油毡条卷挤压向后靠贴挡水台堵塞平腔,造成渗漏.

33、 6。2.4 阳台、雨罩、女儿墙等处做材料防水部位,施工质量不符合要求,产生渗漏水。 质量记录 本工艺标准应合备以下质量记录: 7.1 构件出厂合格证。 be the order of installation。 (3) the pipeline installation, the hose should be checked, mirror and lens pad out of the metal seal of light, without any scratches, pits, rust. Low pressure pipe flange sealing and gasket sha

34、ll not affect seal performance defects such as scratches, spots. (4) highstrength bolts should be cleaned, Visual inspection no defects, and coated with molybdenum disulfide to protect。 (5) high pressure flange and pipe ends threaded connections, pipethread chamfer should be exposed, pad of the lens

35、。 (6) should be accurately into the flange sealing surfaces, a pair of flange connections should be kept parallel to each other, the deviation shall not be greater than the flange outer diameter of 1.5% and less than 2mm, not use stronger bolts deskewing method。 (7) the flange connection should be m

36、aintained and pipes concentric, and should ensure that the bolts free to put them in. (8) the high voltage end threads of the pipe should be cleaned, the surface shall not be defective. (9) flange connections bolts should use the same specifications, installation should be consistent, when fastening

37、 bolts symmetrically even. Elastic moderate, after fastening bolts and nuts should be flush。 High-temperature piping hot tight the bolts should also, tight hot working temperature should be maintained after 2 hours。 (10) pipeline installation allows deviation meet following provides: project allows

38、deviation coordinates overhead and the trench indoor 15 Outdoor Indoor 25 elevation overhead and the trench outdoor ? 15 2L maximum 50 ? 20 level pipeline straight degrees DN ? 100 3L maximum 80 DN , 100 3L maximum 80 State tube lead vertical degrees 5L maximum 30 into row pipeline spacing 15 20 (11

39、) pipeline connection Shi, shall not strong counterpart, added partial pad or added multilayer pad of Method to eliminate the interface port space, skewed, not one after the HiLo and other defects. 7。2 防水材料应有出厂证明书,使用说明书,抽样检验报告,准用证及防伪标志. 7.3 外墙板淋水试验记录. 7。4 隐蔽检查记录。 be the order of installation。 (3) th

40、e pipeline installation, the hose should be checked, mirror and lens pad out of the metal seal of light, without any scratches, pits, rust。 Low pressure pipe flange sealing and gasket shall not affect seal performance defects such as scratches, spots。 (4) high-strength bolts should be cleaned, Visua

41、l inspection no defects, and coated with molybdenum disulfide to protect. (5) high pressure flange and pipe ends threaded connections, pipe-thread chamfer should be exposed, pad of the lens。 (6) should be accurately into the flange sealing surfaces, a pair of flange connections should be kept parall

42、el to each other, the deviation shall not be greater than the flange outer diameter of 1.5 and less than 2mm, not use stronger bolts deskewing method。 (7) the flange connection should be maintained and pipes concentric, and should ensure that the bolts free to put them in. (8) the high voltage end t

43、hreads of the pipe should be cleaned, the surface shall not be defective. (9) flange connections bolts should use the same specifications, installation should be consistent, when fastening bolts symmetrically even。 Elastic moderate, after fastening bolts and nuts should be flush. Hightemperature pip

44、ing hot tight the bolts should also, tight hot working temperature should be maintained after 2 hours. (10) pipeline installation allows deviation meet following provides: project allows deviation coordinates overhead and the trench indoor 15 Outdoor Indoor 25 elevation overhead and the trench outdo

45、or ? 15 2L maximum 50 ? 20 level pipeline straight degrees DN ? 100 3L maximum 80 DN , 100 3L maximum 80 State tube lead vertical degrees 5L maximum 30 into row pipeline spacing 15 20 (11) pipeline connection Shi, shall not strong counterpart, added partial pad or added multilayer pad of Method to e

46、liminate the interface port space, skewed, not one after the Hi-Lo and other defects。 be the order of installation. (3) the pipeline installation, the hose should be checked, mirror and lens pad out of the metal seal of light, without any scratches, pits, rust。 Low pressure pipe flange sealing and gasket shall not affect seal performance defects such as scratches, spots. (4) highstrength bolts should be cleaned, Visual inspection no defects, and coate

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