恋练有分第7课新题型讲义木仓流量

1、排序题【特点】段落排序【考点】段落主旨，逻辑一致，语义衔接一排序题做题步骤：排序题的目标是比较各段，并找到相互关联的段落并排序，其做题步骤如下；1.审题，看主旨及已给位置的段落。2.阅读剩下段落的首尾句，找到或关键逻辑线索。3.对比各段首尾句，找到匹配的词或逻辑，确定。4.通读，验证。二. 排序题做题方法及原则从微观上来说，所有完形填段/句的做题技巧均可用于排序，基本上所有填空都是段落题的完形填段/句题就是排序题。同时，从宏观上，在这里还要注意英文文章的篇章特点和展开形式，从而帮助判断正确的语篇顺序。排序题所涉及的方法如下：1首段特点2类别2代词原则3逻辑原则4火力覆盖解题三新题型排序题做题步

2、骤及方法分类以 2011 年新题型为例Directions:The following paragraph are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you arerequired to reanize these paragraphso a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G tofilling themo the numbered boxes. Paragraphs E and G have been correctly placed. Markyour answers on ANS

3、WER SHEET 1. (10 pos)A No disciplines（学科） have seized on profesalism wis much enthusiasm as thehumanities. You can, Mr Menand pos out, became a lawyerhree years and a medical doctorin four. But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degreehe humanities is nine years. Notsurprisingly, up to half

4、 of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees.B His concern is mainly with the humanities: Literature, languages, philosophy and so on.These are disciplinest are going out of style: 22% of American college graduates now major inbusiness compared with only 2% in history a

5、nd 4% in English. However, many leading Americanuniversities want their undergraduates to have groundinghe basic canon of ideast everyeducatedshouldses. But most find it difficult to agree on what a “general education”should look like. Arvard, Mr Menand notes, “the great books are read because they

6、have beenread”-they form a sort of sol glue.C Equally unsurprisingly, only aboulf end up with professorships for which they enteredgraduate school. There are simply too fewts. This is partly because universities continue toproduce ever more PhDs. But fewer students want to study humanitiebjects: Eng

7、lishdepartments awarded more bachelors degrees in 1970-71n they did 20 years later. Fewerstudents requires fewer teachers. So, atof a decade of theses-writing, many humanitiesstudents leave the profesto do something for which they have not been trained.D One reason why it is hard to design and teach

8、 such courses ist they can cut across theinsistence by top American universitiest liberal-arts educations and profesal educationshould be kept separate, taught in different schools. Many students experience both varieties.Although moren half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law, medicine or busin

9、ess, futuredoctors and lawyers must study a non-spelist liberal-arts degree before embarking on aprofesal qualification.E Besides profesalizing the profess by this separation, top American universitieshave profesalized the professor. The growth in public money for academic research hasspeeded the pr

10、os: federal research grants rose fourfold betn 1960and 1990, but facultyteaching hours fell by half as research took its toll. Profesalism has turned the acquisition of adoctoral degreeo a prerequisite for a sucsful academic career: as late as 1969a third ofAmerican professors did notsess one. But t

11、he key idea behind profesalisation, argues MrMenand, ist “the knowledge and skills needed for a particular spelization are transmissiblebut not transferable.”So disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the production of knowledge,but also over the production of the producers of knowledge.F The k

12、ey to reforming higher education, concludes Mr Menand, is to alter the way in which“the producers of knowledge are produced.” Otherwise, academics will continue to thinkdangerously alike, increasinglydetached from the societies which they study, investigate andcriticize.” Academic inquiry,east in so

13、me fields, may need toe less excluary andmore holistic.” Yet quite howppens, Mr Menand dose not say.G The subtle andelligent littook The Marketplace of Ideas: Reform andinthe American University should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoraldegree. They may then decide to go

14、 elsewhere. For something curious has been happening inAmerican Universities, and Louis Menand, a professor of English arvard University,captured it skillfully.G 41. 42. E .43. 44. 45.步骤一. 审题，观察所给填空位置，阅读主旨；在 2011 年所给填空位置如下：G 41. 42. E .43. 44. 45.该年的已给位置段落中首段即已给出（G 段），那么对于首段的阅读可以帮助获取文章的全文主旨，对于后面文章各个

15、段落的排序提供了线索。G The subtle andelligent littook The Marketplace of Ideas: Reform andinthe American University should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoraldegree. They may then decide to go elsewhere. For something curious has been happening inAmerican Universities, and Louis M

16、enand, a professor of English arvard University, capturedit skillfully.如没给出首段则先找首段，再读主旨：方法一：首段特点（1）不以逻辑词开头（2）不以代词开头（3）提出问题，描述现象，名言等（4）概括性较强如：2014 年备选段落首句BIn another case, American archaeologistsC How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there isnothing visible on the s

17、urface of the ground?D Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscs.F Most archaeological sites, however, G Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpothe pla步骤二：阅读剩下段落的首尾句，找到或关键逻辑线索；断甘蔗理论：段落首尾句是判断上下文逻辑的关键位置，在阅读的过程中一样要像完型填段/句那样找出，即：方法二：种类1）名词和专有名词（人名，地名，机构组织名，特殊称呼等）2）段落主旨词3）逻辑词(尤其是

18、开头的逻辑)4）代词5）时间和数字如 2011 年所给段落的首尾句和：G 首段尾句： For something curious has been happening in American Universities, and LouisMenand, a professor of English arvard University, captured it skillfully.A 首句：No disciplines（学科） have seized on profesalism wis much enthusiasm as thehumanities.尾句：Not surprisingly,

19、 up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before gettingtheir degrees.B 首句：His concern is mainly with the humanities: Literature, languages, philosophy and so on.尾句 Arvard, Mr Menand notes, “the great books are read because they have beenread”-they form a sort of sol glue.C 首句： Equall

20、y unsurprisingly, only aboulf end up with professorships for which theyentered graduate school.尾句： So, atof a decade of theses-writing, many humanities students leave theprofesto do something for which they have not been trained.D 首句： One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses ist th

21、ey can cut acrossthe insistence by top American universitiest liberal-arts educations and profesal educationshould be kept separate, taught in different schools.尾句： Although moren half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law, medicine orbusiness, future doctors and lawyers must study a non-spelist l

22、iberal-arts degree beforeembarking on a profesal qualification.E 首句：Besides profesalizing the profess by this separation, top American universitieshave profesalized the professor.尾句：So disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the production of knowledge, but alsoover the production of the produc

23、ers of knowledge.F 首句： The key to reforming higher education, concludes Mr Menand, is to 尾句：Yet quite howppens, Mr Menand dose not say.步骤三: 对比各段首尾句，找到匹配的词或逻辑，确定;在这一步骤中，使用根据不同的种类，按照不同解题法来答题：方法三：代词解题法；与完形填段/句题型类似，在各个段落首句出现的代词往往是判断前文内容的关键，常用的代词有：he, she, his, her, him, it, its, they, their, them, this,

24、t, these, those, such 等。只要能在段落中找到代词指代的对象，顺序就确定了。 同样代词在使用时需注意：（1）代词与其指代对象在性和数上要保持一致；（2）当出现指示代词 these ie/t book 时，后面的名词是关注的重点；（3）it 可以指代单个物，也可以是形式主语或形式宾语；（4）只有段落开头出现的代词才可以用来定位；（5）代词一般都往前指代，也有少数向后指代的情况，注意判断。如 2011 年的新题型中 B 段开头:B 首句：His concern is mainly with the humanities: Literature, languages, philo

25、sophy and so on.F 尾句：Yet quite howppens, Mr Menand dose not say.G 首段尾句： For something curious has been happening in American Universities, and LouisMenand, a professor of English arvard University, captured it skillfully.方法四：逻辑对照解题法；上下文各个段落之间总是以不同的逻辑关系衔接和展开，因此要使得上下文能很好的确定顺序，逻辑的线索是必不可少的解题关键线索，通常每个段落首

26、句开头的逻辑词是必须考虑 的。如 2011 年题型中 C 选项开头的逻辑：C 首句： Equally unsurprisingly, only aboulf end up with professorships for which theyentered graduate school.A 尾句：Not surprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before gettingtheir degrees.又如 2014 年英语一新题型中的 F 选项和 A 选项的段落A Some archaeologi

27、cal sites have always been easily observablefor exle, the Parthenon inAthens, Greece, the pyramids of Giza in Egypt; and the megaliths of Stonehenge in southernEngland. But these sites are exceptions to the norm. Most archaeological sites have been locatedby means of careful searching, while many ot

28、hers have been discovered by accident. OlduvaiGe, an early hominid siteanzania, was found by a butterflyter who literally fello itsdeep valley in 1911. Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging of the MexicoCity subwayhe 1970s.F Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered

29、by archaeologists who have set out to lookfor them. Such searches can take years. British archaeologist Howard Carter knewt the tomb ofthe Egyptian pharaoh Tuhamun existed from information found in other sites. Carter siftedthrough rubblehe Valley of the Kings for seven years before he located the t

30、omb in 1922. Inthe late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evan combed antique dealers stores in Athens,Greece. He was searching for tiny engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culturetdominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC. Evanssreions of these engravingseventually led him to

31、find the Minoan palace at Knossos (Knosss) on the island of Crete, in 1900.常用来判断上下文顺序的逻辑关系词及种类有：常用并列逻辑：also, at the same time, on one hand/ on the other hand, on one side/one theother side, one/another, some/most, equally, meanwhile, in addition, additionally, whatsmore, furthermore.常 用 转 折 逻 辑 ： in

32、stead, instead of, but, notbut, however, although, rathern,nevertheless, on the other hand.常用的总结逻辑词：Finally, all in all, to conclude， in, in brief, in short, as hasbeen sed,ast.方法五：火力覆盖原则；在无法确定时，为了保证得分，可以用重复选择同一个来蒙。比如到目前为止 2011 年的题目可以得到的是：根据代词定位的 GB 两段和根据逻辑并列确定的 AC 两段，由于 G 段是首段，所以 B 段可以放在 41 题的填空出，但

33、是 AC 的位置不能确定，只能初步判断在 E 段之后，因为 42 题只有一空，放不下并列的 AC 两段。如下所示：G 41. B 42. E .43. 44. 45.这个时候如果做不下去了，为了得分可以把填写成以下两种情况：G 41. B 42. E .43.A 44. A 45.C 或者G 41. B 42. E .43.A 44.C 45.C 这样无论是怎样的都至少能得到 4-6 分，而如果只是通过自己的猜测写成G 41. B 42. E .43. 44. A 45.C 而是G 41. B 42. E .43. A 44. C 45.时，就只能得到 B 选项的 2分了。需要注意的是，火力覆盖原则是在题目无法继续完成或者时间不够的情况下采用的抢分方法，切不可一上来就用。方法缺一原则；的中除了 2010 年的排序题有干扰选项外，其余年份的排序题并没有干扰选项，在这就意味着备选段落和填空是一对一的关系，在这种情况下，如果确定了 4 个选项的正确位置，最后一个段落的位置自然就确定了。同时也就是说，如果遇到了无法确定的题目可以暂时不做，等到最后用排除法得到。在 2011 年的排序题中目前可以确定的是：G 41. B 42. E .43.A 44. A 45.C 或者G 41. B 42. E .43.A 44.C 45.C 而通过观察 2011 年的 F 段开头：F 首句： The