各种时态的被动语态

1、第 页共8页各种时态的被动语态一、八大时态的被动语态的构成：一般现在时的被动语态构成：(am/is/are+done)如：Iamaskedtostudyhard.我被请求努力学习。Thisshirtiswashedonceaweek.这件T恤一周洗一次。Thesesongsareusuallysungbyboys.这些歌曲通常是男生唱的。一般过去时的被动语态构成：(was/weredone)如：Thesoldierwaskilled,butthetrainwassaved.这位战士牺牲了，然而列车得救了。Somenoteswerepasseduptothespeaker.有人给讲演者递上来一些

2、纸条。一般将来时的被动语态构成：(shall/willbedone)如：Weshallbeaskedalotofstrangequestions.我们将被问许多怪题。MysonwillbesenttoschoolnextSeptember.来年九月我将送我儿子去读书。过去将来时的被动语态构成：(should/wouldbedone)如：Thenewswouldbesenttohimassoonasitarrived.消息一到就会转给他的。Hetoldusthatthenewrailwaywouldbebuiltthenextyear.他告诉我新铁路将在明年修建。现在完成时的被动语态构成：(ha

3、s/havebeendone)如：Theworkhasjustbeenfinished.工作刚刚结束。Theoldruleshavebeendoneawaywithbyus.旧规章已经被我们废除了。过去完成时的被动语态构成：(hadbeendone)如：BylastDecemberthreeshipshadbeenbuiltbythem.到去年十二月底他们已建造了三艘船。100tractorshadbeenproducedbytheendoflastyear.在去年年底前生产了100辆拖拉机。现在进行时的被动语态构成：(am/is/arebeingdone)如：Thebridgeisbeing

4、repaired.桥梁正在修复中。Thenewlibraryisbeingbuiltbytheworkers.新的图书馆正在被工人们建设中。过去进行时的被动语态构成：(was/werebeingdone)如：AmeetingwasbeingheldwhenIwasthere.我在时，会议在开着。Thecollegewasbeingbuiltatthistimelastyear.去年这个时候这所大学正在建设中。二、被动语态的用法：强调动作的承受者(有时用by短语来强调动作的执行者)：XiaoLiwasmademonitoroftheclass.小李被选为班长。Thisworkmustbedone

5、byyou,andnotbyme.这件工作必须由你做，而不是我来做。2不知道或不必说出动作的执行者：Hisbikewasstolenlastnight.他的自行车昨晚被人偷走了。Everyyearalotospeoplearekilledinthetrafficaccidents.每年都有许多人死于交通事故。3为了表示委婉或礼貌，避免提及动作执行者或说话者自己：Everybodyisexpectedtoobeythefollowingrules.希望大家遵守以下规定。YouarefriendlyinvitedtocometoourEnglishpartyat8：00p.m.tomorrow.敬

6、请您明天晚上8：00光临我们的英语晚会。4动作的执行者是无生命的事物：Thehousewasstruckbylightning.那房子被闪电所击中。Thefamousmuseumwaspracticallyruinedbythebigfire.大火使这家著名的博物馆几乎全部毁坏。5使句子连接自然或更加简洁、匀称。TheoldprofessorgavealectureonAmericanhisotryandwaswellreceived.这位老教授作了一个有关美国历史的讲座，受到大家的热烈欢迎。Thebookwhichhadbeenlostwasfoundandwasreturnedtothel

7、ibrary.那本丢失的书找到后被还回到图书馆。三、特殊情况下的被动语态：带情态动词的被动结构，其形式为：情态动词+be+过去分词，女如Thismustbekeptinmind.我们必须把这个记在心里。Ioughttobecriticizedforit.我应该为此受到批评.带双宾语的被动结构，习惯上把间宾提前，也可把直宾提前，但不要遗漏介词：IwasgivenatoyatChristmas.或AtoywasgiventomeatChristmas.父亲在圣诞节送我一个玩具。Hewasofferedsomeassistance.或Someassistancewasofferedtohim.他们向

8、他提供一些帮助。带复合宾语的被动结构，只将宾语提前，宾补不动（但make,see,hear等宾补省略的to，变被动结构时要加to）。Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.男孩被看到正在吸烟。Theyweremadetoworkdayandnight.他们被迫黑天白天得工作。四、被动语态与系表结构的区别：被动语态与系表结构都是由“be+过去分词”来构成，其区别如下：1如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态,否则为系表结构。Theglassisbroken.玻璃杯碎了。（系表结构）Theglasswasbrokenbytheboy玻璃杯被那男

9、孩打碎了。（被动语态）如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。Thedoorislocked.门锁上了。（系表结构）Thedoorhasalready/justbeenlocked.门已经被锁上了。（被动语态）被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外，还可以用于进行或将来时态，而系表结构中的系动词be只有一般时态和完成时态。Themachineisbeingrepaired.正在修理机器。（被动语态）Anewschoolwillbebuilthere.将在这里建一所新学校。（被动语态）被动语态练习题：I.主动语态和被动语态互变：Weshalldiscusstheproblemattomor

10、rowsmeeting.Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.Youcanhandinyourhomeworktomorrow.Thenurseistakingcareofthesickman.Youmustlockthedoorwhenyouleave.6.Iwasmadeanewdressbyaunt./Anewdresswasmadeformebyaunt.Apicturewasboughtforme.Hewasheardtosinginhisroomjustnow.Anewpublicschoolwillbesetuphere.Theboywas

11、caughtsmokingacigarette.用下列动词的被动语态形式填空Manytrees（plant）inChinaeveryyear,buttheyarestillnotenough.TheGreatWall（build）thousandsofyearsago.Youhavetobe18yearsoldbeforeyou（allow）todriveacar.Nowmanydifficultanddangerouskindsofwork（cando）byrobotsinfactories.5.Itissaidthatmoregoodteachers(send)totheruralarea

12、sinXinxiangnextyear.Tomakeourcitymorebeautiful,rubbish(mustnotthrow)intotheriver.Theproblem(discuss)atthemeetingnow.Werethesemachines(invent)edbyEdison?English(speak)bymostpeopleintheUSA.Waysalready(find)tomakewastewaterclean.III.单选：HearrivedinBeijing,wherehehisfriend.wasmetbyB.wasmetC.wasmeetingD.m

13、etbyThemistakesintheexerciseswilltheteacher.A.crossB.becrossingC.becrossedbyD.crossbyMysisterandIhaveherbirthdayparty.A.beeninvitedB.beeninvitedforC.invitedtoD.beeninvitedtoItinthisway.A.ishadtodoB.ishadtobedoneC.hadtobedoneD.hastodoMaryrealizedshe.A.wasmakingfunofB.wasmadefunC.wasbeingmadefunofD.wa

14、sbeingmadefunGreatchangesinourprovince.Manytallbuildings.A.havetakenplace,havebeensetuphavebeentakenplace,havebeensetuphavebeentakenplace,havebeensetupweretakenplace,weresetupThenewhallisthetallestbuildinginthistown.fromhere?A.CanitseeB.CanitbeseenC.CanitseenD.Cansee8.Someofthehotelsinmyhometown.A.h

15、avenowbeenrebuildingB.arenowrebuildingC.arenowbeingrebuiltD.arerebuiltnowIpromisethatthematterwill.A.betakencareB.betakencareofC.takecareD.takecareofBobtoamedicalschoolin1990andheadoctorsevenyearslater.A.sent;becomeB.wassent;becameC.sent;wasbecomingD.wassent;hasbecomeBecauseoftherain,thefootballmatc

16、h.A.hasbeenputtingoffB.hasputoffC.putoffD.hasbeenputoffThepolicefoundthatthehouseandalotofthings.A.hasbrokeninto;hasbeenstolenB.hadbrokeninto;hadbeenstolenC.hasbeenbrokeninto;stolenD.hadbeenbrokeninto;stolenHaveyoumovedintothehouse?Notyet.Therooms.A.arebeingpaintedB.arepaintingC.arepaintedD.arebeing

17、paintingThecomputer,boughtinthenewshopyesterday,willbesenttoyouasapresent.A.thatwasB.whichisC.whichwasD.thathasbeenIneedonemorestamp,beforemycollection.A.hascomletedB.comletesC.hasbeencomletedD.iscomletedthesportsmeetmightbeputoff.Yes,italldependontheweather.A.IvebeentoldB.IvetoldC.ImtoldD.ItoldFlow

18、ersmustwelleveryday.A.bewateredB.waterC.wateredD.bewater18.Thevegetablesdidnttasteverygood.Theytoolong.A.hadbeencookedB.werecookedC.havecookedD.cookedWiththedevelopmentofscience,morenewtechnologytothefieldofIT.A.hasintroducedB.isbeingintroducedC.isintroducedD.wasintroducedWhenandwheretogofortheon-sa

19、laryholidayyet.A.arenotdecidedB.havenotbeendecidedC.isnotbeingdecidedD.hasnotbeendecided一般将来时态的被动语态一、一般将来时态的被动语态的基本结构的构成：1一般将来时态的被动语态的肯定式为：shall/will+be+done。（shall用于第一人称；will用于各种人称）女口：Weshallbepunishedifwebreaktherule.如果我们违反规定，我们将要受到惩罚。ThenewfilmwillbeshownnextThursday.这部新电影将在下周四上映。般将来时态的被动语态的否定式为：

20、shall/will+not+be+done（可缩写成shant或wont）如：Themeetingwontbeheldtomorrow.明天不再举行会议。Theexhibitionwontbeputofftillnextweek.展览会将不会推迟到下周。一般将来时态的被动语态的一般疑问句需将shall/will提到主语的前面。（回答用yes或no）如：Wontwaterbeturnedintoice,ititisbelwofreezing?如果气温在冰点之下，水难道不会变成冰吗？Willtheworkbefinishedatonce?Yes,itwill这项工作会立刻被完成吗？是的，立刻就完

21、成。4一般将来时态的被动语态的特殊疑问句为：疑问词+shall/will+S+be+done。如：Whenwillthesebooksbepublished?这些书将在什么时候被出版？Whomwillthisbookbewrittenby?谁来写这本书？二、一般将来时态的被动语态的其他结构构成：1begoingtobedoneSomeoldbuildingsaregoingtobeputdown.一些旧的楼房将被推倒。Theproblemisntgoingtobediscussedatthemeetingtomorrow.这个问题将不在明天的会议上被讨论。Arethesetreesgoingt

22、obecutdown？Yes，theyare.这些树将被砍倒吗？是的，将被砍倒2betobedoneThesportsmeetistobeheldonApril10.运动会将于四月十日举行。Themachinesarenottoberepairedtonight.今晚将不会修理这些机器。Arenewtextbookstobepublishednextweek？No,theyarent.新教科书将在下周出版吗？不，不是。三、一般将来时态的被动语态的用法：1一般将来时态的被动语态的同它的主动语态一样，强调表示根据计划或安排将要发生的被动性动作。ThenewfilmwillbeshownnextTh

23、ursday.这部新电影将在下周四上映。AlotofathleteswillbeinvitedtoBeijing.好多运动员将被邀请到北京来。2在时间、条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时的被动语态代替一般将来时的被动语态。如：Whenthedamiscompleted,theChangjiangRiverwillbecontrolled.当大坝竣工时，长江将得到控制。IfIamgivenenoughtime,IwillgotoJapanformyholiday.如果我有足够的时间，我将去日本度假。3表示有固定性条件就有规律性被动结果。如：Heatedto100c,waterwillbeturned

24、intosteam加热到100度时，水将会变成蒸气。Ifyouspeakinclass,youwillbepunished.如果你在课堂上讲话，你将会被惩罚。I.单选：Thesefilmsuntiltomorrowmorning.A.cantdevelopB.arentdevelopingC.wontbedevelopedD.wontdevelopHundredsofjobsifthefactorycloses.A.loseB.willbelostC.arelostD.willloseApartyisgoingtotonight.Wouldyouliketogowithme?Idliketo,

25、butIhavetolookaftermysickmother.A.organizeB.havebeenorganizedC.beorganizingD.beorganizedThewaterwillbefurtherpollutedunlesssomemeasures.A.willbetakenB.aretakenC.weretakenD.hadbeentaken5.Ifitdoesntraintomorrow,thesportsmeetintheplaygroundofourschool.A.isholdingB.willholdC.willbeheldD.istobeholding6.Theprobleminthecomingmeeting.A.isdiscussedB.