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1、United KingdomA Country studyBrief IntroductionThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandThe UKs form of government is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system and its capital city is London. The current British monarchsince 6 February 1952is Queen Elizabeth II. It is one

2、of the Commonwealth Realms. The United Kingdom consists of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The latter three have devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in their capital cities, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast, respectively. Guernsey, Jersey and the Is

3、le of Man are Crown dependencies and are not part of the UK. The United Kingdom has fourteen British Overseas Territories. These are remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, encompassed almost a quarter of the worlds land mass and was the largest

4、 empire in history. British influence can be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former colonies.MapLife ExpectancyCapiyalLondon is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom. With an estimated 8,308,369 residents in 2012, London is the most populous region, ur

5、ban zone and metropolitan area in the United Kingdom and is the largest city in the European Union.GovernmentThe UK has a parliamentary government based on the Westminster system that has been emulated around the world: a legacy of the British Empire. The parliament of the United Kingdom that meets

6、in the Palace of Westminster has two houses; an elected House of Commons and an appointed House of Lords. All bills passed are given Royal Assent before becoming law.The position of prime minister, the UKs head of government, belongs to the member of parliament who can obtain the confidence of a maj

7、ority in the House of Commons, usually the leader of the largest political party in that chamber. The prime minister chooses a cabinet and they are formally appointed by the monarch to form Her Majestys Government. By convention, the Queen respects the prime ministers decisions of government.Currenc

8、yPound (Mark: ) is UK monetary unit of currency and country name. Although the UK is a member of the EU, but has not yet joined the euro zone, it still using the pound. The pound is issued by the Bank of England, but there are other issuers. Most commonly used to refer to the pound sign is . The int

9、ernational organization for Standardization for the ISO 4217 currency code for the GBP (Great Britain Pound). At present, the British business has begun to accept the euro and the dollar and other foreign currency.EducationEducation in the United Kingdom is a devolved matter, with each country havin

10、g a separate education system.Whilst education in England is the responsibility of the Secretary of State for Education, the day-to-day administration and funding of state schools is the responsibility of local authorities. Universally free of charge state education was introduced piecemeal between

11、1870 and 1944. Education is now mandatory from ages five to sixteen (15 if born in late July or August). In 2011, the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) rated 1314-year-old pupils in England and Wales 10th in the world for maths and 9th for science. The majority of childre

12、n are educated in state-sector schools, a small proportion of which select on the grounds of academic ability. Two of the top ten performing schools in terms of GCSE results in 2006 were state-run grammar schools. Over half of students at the leading universities of Cambridge and Oxford had attended

13、 state schools. Despite a fall in actual numbers the proportion of children in England attending private schools has risen to over 7%. In 2010, more than 45% of places at the University of Oxford and 40% at the University of Cambridge were taken by students from private schools, even though they educate just 7% of the population. The universities of England are among some of the top universities in the world; the University of Cambridge, the University of Oxford, the University College London and Imperial College Londo