福建省厦门市厦门外国语学校2021-2022学年高二下学期期末英语试题

1、试卷第 =page 27 27页，共 =sectionpages 27 27页试卷第 =page 1 1页，共 =sectionpages 3 3页福建省厦门市厦门外国语学校2021-2022学年高二下学期期末英语试题学校:_姓名：_班级：_考号：_一、阅读理解As 2021 unfolds .and youre joining us from Canada, we have a small favour to ask. Through these challenging times, millions rely on the Guardian for independent journali

2、sm that stands for truth. Readers chose to support us financially more than 1.5 million times in 2020, joining existing supporters in 180 countries.For 2021, we commit to another year of high-impact reporting that can offer an authoritative and trustworthy source of news for everyone. When important

3、 events happen, we can investigate and challenge without fear or favour.Unlike many others, we have maintained our choice: to keep Guardian journalism open for all readers, regardless of where they live or what they can afford to pay. We do this because we believe in information equality, where ever

4、yone deserves to read accurate news and thoughtful analysis. Greater numbers of people are staying well-informed on world events, and being inspired to take meaningful action.In the last year alone, we offered readers a comprehensive, international viewpoint on critical events, especially on the cli

5、mate emergency. We made the decision to reject advertising from fossil fuel companies.If there were ever a time to join us, it is now. Every contribution, however big or small, powers our journalism and helps sustain our future. Support the Guardian from as little as CA$1 it only takes a minute. Tha

6、nk you.1. According to the text, the Guardian _.A. favors important eventsB. provides trustworthy reportsC. finances readers in 180countriesD. receives CA$1.5 million annually2. What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 4 refer to?A. Making readers well-informed.B. Inspiring readers to take

7、action.C. Fighting for information equality.D. Keeping the Guardian easily accessible.3. What is the purpose of the text?A. To advertise the Guardian.B. To review achievements.C. To encourage donations.D. To inspire new ambitions.【答案】1B2D3C【解析】【分析】本文是应用文，介绍了卫报的办报特色并号召捐款支持其发展。1. 细节理解题。根据第三自然段“For 202

8、1, we commit to another year of high-impact reporting that can offer an authoritative and trustworthy source of news for everyone.”（2021年，我们承诺将继续提供高影响力的报道，为所有人提供权威和可靠的新闻来源。）可知the Guardian承诺提供可靠的新闻。故选B项。2. 词句猜测题。根据前文“Unlike many others, we have maintained our choice: to keep Guardian journalism open

9、for all readers, regardless of where they live or what they can afford to pay.”（与其他许多媒体不同，我们坚守自己的选择：无论他们住在哪里，也不管他们付得起多少钱，我们让卫报新闻对所有读者开放。）可知下文We do this中的this指代的是让更多的读者读到卫报，让卫报更容易接近。故选D项。3. 推理判断题。根据末段“Every contribution, however big or small, powers our journalism and helps sustain our future. Suppor

10、t the Guardian from as little as CA$1 it only takes a minute. Thank you.”（无论大小，每一份捐献都能为我们的新闻事业提供动力，并帮助我们走向未来。1加元也可以支持卫报只需要一分钟。谢谢你！）可知本文写作目的就是号召大家为the Guardian捐款。故选C项。It was this very morning that Garrone let us know what he is like.The master had not yet arrived, and three or four boys were bullying

11、 Crossi, the one with the red hair who has a dead arm and whose mother sells vegetables. They were hitting him in the face with chestnut shells. And he, alone on the end of the bench, became quite pale, begging that they leave him in peace.All at once, Franti sprang upon a bench. Pretending that he

12、was carrying a basket on each arm, he aped the mother of Crossi when she used to come to wait for her son at door. Many began to laugh loudly and Crossi was trembling and turning red with anger.Suddenly Crossi seized an inkstand and threw it at the others head with all his strength, but Franti moved

13、 aside, and the inkstand struck the master who entered at the moment, full in the breast. All flew to their places and became silent with terror. The master, quite pale, went to his table, and said in a controlled voice:“Who did it?”No one replied.The master cried out once more, raising his voice st

14、ill louder, “Who is it?”Then Garrone, moved to pity for poor Crossi, rose sharply and said resolutely, “It was I.”The master looked at him, looked at the confused scholars, then said in a calm voice, “It was not you.”And after a moment. “The culprit shall not be punished. Let him rise!”Crossi rose a

15、nd said, weeping “They were striking me and insulting me, and I lost my head and threw it.”“Sit down,” said the master. “Let those who provoked him rise.”Four rose and hung their heads. “You,” said the master, “have insulted an unfortunate companion; you have struck a weak person who could not defen

16、d himself. You have committed one of the most shameful acts!”Then he went over to Garrone and looked him straight in the eye, and said to him, “You are a noble soul.”Garrone profited by the occasion to murmur some words, I know not what, in the ear of the master; and he, turning towards the four boy

17、s, said abruptly, “I forgive you.”4. What finally provoked Crossi to throw an inkstand?A. Franti made fun of Crossis mother walking with a dead arm.B. Franti imitated the way Crossis mother carried her basket.C. The boys hit Crossi in the face hard with chestnut shells.D. The boys pulled Crossi upon

18、 a bench and laughed at him loudly.5. The underlined word “culprit” probably means _.A. advocateB. leaderC. captainD. offender6. The master praised Garrone as a noble soul because _.A. he dared to speak his mindB. he forgave the four bulliesC. he took the blame for CrossiD. he brought bad guys to ju

19、stice7. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. A Generous DeedB. A Domestic IncidentC. Making the Right ChoiceD. To Believe or Not to Believe【答案】4B5D6C7A【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Franti因为模仿Crossi妈妈提篮子的样子激怒了Crossi，Crossi朝他扔了一个墨水瓶，却打到了老师身上。Garrone因为同情Crossi主动站出来承认，而被老师称为高尚的人。4. 细节理解题。根

20、据第三段中“Pretending that he was carrying a basket on each arm, he aped the mother of Crossi when she used to come to wait for her son at door. Many began to laugh loudly and Crossi was trembling and turning red with anger.(他假装两手各提着一个篮子，模仿Crossi的母亲到门口等儿子的样子。许多人开始大声笑起来，Crossi气得浑身发抖，脸都红了)”以及第四段中“Suddenly

21、Crossi seized an inkstand and threw it at the others head with all his strength, but Franti moved aside, and the inkstand struck the master who entered at the moment, full in the breast.(突然，Crossi抓起一个墨水瓶，用尽全身力气朝另一个人的头扔去，但Franti躲开了，墨水瓶正好打在这时进来的老师的胸膛上)”可知Franti模仿Crossi妈妈提篮子的样子最终促使Crossi扔了一个墨水瓶。故选B。5.

22、词句猜测题。根据倒数第五段“Crossi rose and said, weeping “They were striking me and insulting me, and I lost my head and threw it.”(Crossi站起来，哭着说：“他们打我，侮辱我，我失去了理智，把它扔了出去。”)”可知，Crossi站了起来，承认是自己扔的瓶子，可见老师是说让犯事的人主动站出来承认错误，不会受到惩罚。故画线词意思是“犯人”，A. advocate拥护者；B. leader领导；C. captain队长；D. offender犯人。故选D。6. 细节理解题。根据倒数第八段“T

23、hen Garrone, moved to pity for poor Crossi, rose sharply and said resolutely, “It was I.”(然后，Garrone对可怜的Crossi产生了怜悯之情，他突然站起来，坚定地说：“是我。”)”可知，老师称赞加Garrone是一个高尚的人，因为他为Crossi承担了责任。故选C。7. 主旨大意题。根据文章主要讲述了Franti因为模仿Crossi妈妈提篮子的样子激怒了Crossi，Crossi朝他扔了一个墨水瓶，却打到了老师身上。Garrone因为同情Crossi主动站出来承认，而被老师称为高尚的人。可知，A选项“

24、一次慷慨的行为”最符合文章标题。故选A。Its peak cold and flu season, which means taking a lot of preventative measures. Frequent hand-washing is a must, as is avoiding co-workers or friends who are sick. But we humans are not the only animals that change behaviors to keep diseases at bay. So do ants.“So there are the

25、foragers (工蚁) and the nurses its two different groups of work,” said Natha of the University of Lausanne. She and her colleagues observed ants to see their reaction to the presence of a disease.“The nurses being made of young workers typically, stay inside the nest and take care of the eggs. And the

26、 foragers are all the workers spending most of time at outside of the nest to collect food and defend the territory.”Forager ants are at greater risk of getting exposed to diseases because they leave the safety of the nest. So the researchers sprayed a common virus on a small group of forager ants a

27、nd then followed their movements to see the way other ants reacted.“We marked all ants in the colony with individual labels, which carries these two-dimensional bar code marks like QR code which is automatically detected and recorded using a tracking system.”After the infection, the nurse and forage

28、r ants stayed within their working places and interacted less outside of their work group. The researchers also saw that forager ants spent more time outside of the nest. “They increase that amount by 15 percent, so by quite a large amount.”Isolating behavior stops the spread of the virus. “Somethin

29、g thats quite interesting in these ants thats been shown by the study is that in their ability to avoid infecting other members of the community, ants may be more advanced than we are,” Natha said.8. How did the researchers track the infected ants?A. They labeled the movements of infected ants.B. Th

30、ey used the QR codes to follow the ants movements.C. They had some nurse and forager ants infected with the virus.D. They applied a tracking technology to record the ants movements.9. How did the ants act after being infected?A. Forager ants stayed inside the nest more.B. Infected ants tended to sta

31、y away from healthy ants.C. The nurses stayed inside the nest, working and living as usual.D. 15% more forager ants stayed outside after they were infected.10. Whats Nathas attitude toward ants behaviors?A. Doubtful.B. Objective.C. Appreciative.D. Conservative.11. What is true about ants?A. They can

32、 change behaviours to prevent diseases.B. They are highly cooperative and adaptable.C. Forager ants have better resilience than nurse ants.D. Ants societies are more advanced than human societies.【答案】8D9B10C11A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。流感高峰期，人们会采取各种防护措施。那蚂蚁也会像人类一样采取措施来避免疾病的传播吗？研究人员发现，蚂蚁也会通过减少接触的方式来避免疾病的传播，而且它

33、们的隔离方式有可能比人类更为先进。8. 细节理解题。根据第五段“We marked all ants in the colony with individual labels, which carries these two-dimensional bar code marks like QR code which is automatically detected and recorded using a tracking system.(我们给蚁群里的所有蚂蚁都贴上了单独的标签，上面有二维码这样的条形码标记，可以通过跟踪系统自动检测和记录)”可知，研究人员是通过追踪技术来记录蚂蚁的活动轨迹

34、的。故选D。9. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“After the infection, the nurse and forager ants stayed within their working places and interacted less outside of their work group.(感染后，看护蚁和觅食蚁呆在它们的工作地点内，很少与工作小组以外的蚂蚁互动)”可知，被感染的蚂蚁会远离健康的蚂蚁。故选B。10. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Something thats quite interesting in these ants thats been shown b

35、y the study is that in their ability to avoid infecting other members of the community, ants may be more advanced than we are, (这项研究显示，这些蚂蚁非常有趣的一点是，在避免感染群落其他成员的能力方面，蚂蚁可能比我们更先进)”可推知，Natha对蚂蚁的行为持赞赏的态度。故选C。11. 细节理解题。根据第一段“But we humans are not the only animals that change behaviors to keep diseases at

36、bay. So do ants.”（但我们人类并不是唯一通过改变行为来阻止疾病的动物。蚂蚁也是如此。）根据倒数第二段中“After the infection, the nurse and forager ants stayed within their working places and interacted less outside of their work group. The researchers also saw that forager ants spent more time outside of the nest. (感染后，护士蚂蚁和觅食蚂蚁都呆在各自的工作场所内，较少

37、与工作群体外的互动。研究人员还发现觅食蚂蚁在巢外待的时间更长)”可知，在感染后，蚂蚁可以通过改变行为来预防疾病。故选A。This is an excerpt from a speech at the United Nations headquarters given by Emma Watson, who starred in Harry Potter series.Today we are launching a campaign (called “He For She”). I am reaching out to you because we need your help. We wan

38、t to end gender inequality, and to do this, we need everyone involved. This is the first campaign of this kind in the UN. We want to try to involve as many men and boys as possible to be advocates for change.I started questioning gender-based assumption a long time ago. When I was 8, I was confused

39、being called bossy because I wanted to direct a play that we put on for our parents, but the boys were not. When I was 14, I started to be sexualized by certain elements of the media. At 15, my girlfriends started dropping out of a lot of sports teams because they didnt want to appear masculine(男性化的

40、). At 18, my male friends were unable to express their feelings.I decided that I was a feminist (女权主义者). This seemed uncomplicated to me. But my recent research has shown me that feminism has become an unpopular word. Women are choosing not to identify as feminists. Why has the word become such an u

41、ncomfortable one? Im from Britain and I think it is right that I am paid the same as my male counterparts. I think it is right that I should make decisions about my own body. I think it is right that women be involved on my behalf in the policies and decisions that will affect my life. I think it is

42、 right that socially, I am afforded the same respect as men.But sadly, I can say that there is no one country in the world where all women can expect to receive these rights. No country in the world can yet say that they have achieved gender equality. These rights, I considered to be human rights, b

43、ut I am one of the lucky ones.My life is a sheer privilege because my parents didnt love me less because I was born a daughter. My school did not limit me because I was a girl. My tutors didnt assume that I would end up nowhere because I might give birth to a child one day. These influences were the

44、 gender equality ambassadors that made me who I am today. They may not know it but they are the unintentional feminists who are changing the world today. We need more of those.Men, I would like to take this opportunity to extend you a formal invitation. Gender equality is your issue, too. Because to

45、 date, Ive seen young men suffering from mental illness, unable to ask for help for fear it will make them less of a man, or less of men. Ive seen men made fragile and insecure by false sense of male success. Men dont have the benefits of equality, either. Both men and women should feel free to be s

46、ensitive; both men and women should be free to be strong. This is what “He For She” is about. Its about freedom.You might be thinking: who is this Harry Potter girl? What is she doing at the UN? Ive been asking myself at the same thing. All I know is that I care about this problem and I want to make

47、 it better. And having seen what Ive seen and given the chance, I feel my responsibility to say something. Statesman Edmund Burke said all that is needed for the forces of evil to triumph is for good men and women to do nothing.In my nervousness for this speech and in my moment of doubt, I told myse

48、lf firmly: if not me, who? If not now, when? If you have similar doubts when opportunities are presented to you, I hope those words would be helpful. Because the reality is that if we do nothing, it will take 75 years, or for me it will be nearly 100 before women can be expected to be paid as same a

49、s men for the same work. 15.5 million girls will be married in the 16 years as children. At current rate, it will be until 2086 before all rural African girls can have secondary education. We are struggling for a uniting world, but the good news is that we have a uniting movement. It is called “He F

50、or She”. I am inviting you to step forward, to be seen and to ask yourself: if not me, who? If not now, when?Thank you.12. The campaign “He For She” aims to _.A. give women more freedom than beforeB. give men more freedom than womenC. involve as many men and boys as possible to live a free lifeD. in

51、volve everyone to struggle for the end of gender inequality13. We can know from Emma Watsons personal experience that _.A. feminism has become an unpopular wordB. her parents didnt love her because she was born a daughterC. her tutors treated her the same way they treated boy studentsD. she was call

52、ed bossy because she didnt want to appear masculine14. What does the underlined part in the last but one paragraph mean?A. Good men and women doing nothing lead to the growth of evil forces.B. If evil forces do nothing, good men and women can win the victory.C. When evil forces dominate, theres noth

53、ing good men and women can do.D. All that is necessary for good men and women to do is nothing compared to evil forces.15. In the speech, Emma calls on people to _.A. participate in the campaign actively and take actionB. admit that men and women should be equally paidC. believe in her as the spokes

54、person of Harry Potter seriesD. pay more attention to both genders suffering from mental illnesses【答案】12D13C14A15A【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章是Emma Watson在联合国关于两性平等的演讲。12. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“We want to end gender inequality, and to do this, we need everyone involved.(我们要终止两性不平等，为此，我们需要所有的人都参与其中)”可知，“He For She”运动旨在

55、让每个人都参与到结束性别不平等的斗争中来。故选D项。13. 推理判断题。根据第六段中“My tutors didnt assume that I would end up nowhere because I might give birth to a child one day.(我的导师并没有因为或许有一天我会生育而贬低我的前途)”可知，作者的导师们并没有因为Emma Watson是女生而歧视她，相反导师们对待Emma Watson的方式和他们对待男孩的方式一样。故选C项。14. 句意猜测题。根据划线部分前一句“And having seen what Ive seen and given

56、the chance, I feel my responsibility to say something.(看到了这样的现状，也获得了这样的机会，我自觉有责任说些什么)”可知，作者认为自己有责任去为性别不平等发声，结合划线部分句意“邪恶压制正义只需要善良的男男女女们坐视不理，无动于衷”可知，此处意为：善良的男男女女什么都不做时会导致邪恶力量的增长。故选A项。15. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Today we are launching a campaign (called “He For She”). I am reaching out to you because we need your

57、 help.(今天我们发起一项名为He For She的运动。我站在这里，因为我们需要各位的帮助)”及倒数第二段中“We are struggling for a uniting world, but the good news is that we have a uniting movement. It is called “He For She”. I am inviting you to step forward, to be seen and to ask yourself: if not me, who? If not now, when?(我们正在为天下大同而奋战，但好消息是我们现

58、在就有一个大一统的行动，这就是He For She。我诚邀你们，挺身而出扪心自问，我不挺身，更待何人，此时无为，更待何时)”可知，在演讲中，Emma呼吁人们积极参与这场运动并采取行动。故选A项。二、七选五Optimism Bias (偏见)While we often like to think of ourselves as highly rational and logical, researchers have found that the human brain is sometimes too optimistic for its own good. If you were aske

59、d to estimate how likely you are to experience illness, job loss, or an accident, you are likely to underestimate the probability that such events will ever impact your life. _16_This bias leads us to believe that we are less likely to suffer from misfortune and more likely to attain success than re

60、ality would suggest. We believe that we will live longer, and that we will be more successful in life than the average. _17_The optimism bias is essentially a mistaken belief that our chances of experiencing negative events are lower and our chances of experiencing positive events are higher than th