六级听力翻译技巧

1、翻译技巧韩山师院外语系 郑怀洁（一）词类转换：英语中每个句子只能有一个主谓动词，如果多用，必须转换成不定式、分词或采用主从句等方法，其中将汉语中的动词结构转换成各种词性结构是不错的方法1. 动词转换为名词：1) We think that your act is _(违背了和平谈判的原则).Key: a violation of the principle of peace talk2) _(操作机器) needs some knowledge of its performance.Key: The operation of a machine3) _(这一产品一在市面上出现) caused

2、a sensation.Key: The appearance of the product on the market4) _(我建议) that he should get up early tomorrow. Key: My suggestion is2. 动词转换为形容词、副词1) It was too late when _(我们意识到形势的严重性)Key: We were aware of the severity of the situation2) _(有几种牌子可供选择) within the price range.Key: Several kinds of brands

3、are available 3) _(如果我们对高等数学一无所知), it would be impossible for us to study economics.Key: If we were ignorant of advanced mathematics4) More and more people dream of _(去国外深造)Key: furthering their education abroad3. 动词转换成介词或介词短语1) Millions of the people in the mountainous areas are _(终于摆脱了贫穷)Key: fina

4、lly off poverty2) I drove straight ahead, _(越过沙漠，飞临江面)Key: across the desert and over the river3) _(你赞成还是反对) our going out for a picnic this weekend?Key: Are you for or against4) He feels uneasy _(一想到在五千观众面前作演讲)Key: at the thought of giving a speech in front of 5,000 audience4. 形容词和名词的相互转换n.adj.: 一类

5、事物；描述性特征- 他有口才，有风度：He is eloquent and elegant.adj.n. : (很)有意义的(没)有用的(没)有价值的(很)重要的由来已久的免费赠送的出身名门的优质的声名狼藉的be of (great) significancebe of (little) use/servicebe of (no) valuebe of (vital) importancebe of long standingbe of free giftbe of good birthbe of good qualitybe of no reputation5. 其他词性转换1) Your

6、lecture on international situation and globalization _(给我留下了深刻印象)Key: impressed me deeply2) It is wise of the country to _(仔细谨慎地处理这一敏感问题)Key: deal with the delicate problem with care and calmness3) On this question, _(不同年龄的人有不同的想法)Key: people of different ages think differently4) _(他深深地吸了一口气) and be

7、gan to fly like an eagle.Key: He took a deep breath练习：1. The workers insisted on _(取消旧的规定，建立新的规章制度) .2. There is no denying that _(地球绕着太阳转).3. He is keen on scientific researches _(但对升职不感兴趣).4. The sentence _(意思是科学发展有其自身的规律)5. The air there was fresh, and it gave people _(感到分外凉爽、舒畅)1. the abolishmen

8、t of the old rules and the establishment of new regulations2. the earth revolves around the sun3. but indifferent to promotion4. means that there are self-governing laws in the development of science5. a feeling of exceptional coolness and comfort（二）词的增补：根据语境增补一些词，使句子完整。1. 语法结构上的增补(尤其注意冠、介、连)1) Whil

9、e reading, do not allow yourself to regress, _(即使遇到生词也应该继续往下读). Key: but keep reading ahead, even when you come across a new word2) _(学画、写作、拍照), he trained himself to e a freelance.Key: Through painting, writing and photography3) _(人口对住房的压力减少) , prices of real estate also go down.Key: When the press

10、ure of population on housing decreases2. 语言结构上的增补(尤其注意it is that; there be)1) _(总在危急的关头) that a man finds his true friends. Key: It is at the moment of crisis2) _(冬天来了), can spring be far behind?Key: If winter comes3) _(人和动物不同).Key: Man is different from other animals练习：1. _(没有调查) has no right to sp

11、eak.2. The Anti-Japanese War was _(全面展开) in 1937.3. _(看到龙的出现), everybody were startled.4. _(不可否认) that the quality of our life has gone from bad to worse. 5. _(我爷爷养鱼的原因是) it can bring him peace.1. He who makes no investigation2. Unfolded on a national scale3. When they saw the emergency of dragon /

12、at the sight of the dragon4. There is no denying 5. The reason why my grandpa keeps fish is that（三）词的减省：汉语：重复、排比、对仗、成语 VS 英语：简洁凝练1. 语义上的减省注意1：判断名词是具体还是抽象问一个问题(“问题”有具体含义，是具体名词)环境保护方面的问题(“问题”仅表范畴，无须翻译)表示范畴的抽象名词无须翻译：现象、问题、情况、态度、局面、制度、行为、情景、心情等1) It is high time to _(加快改革步伐).Key: accelerate economic ref

13、orm2) It is essential to _(加强国防建设). Key: strengthen national defense3) We _(坚决反对奢侈行为) among students.Key: firmly oppose extravagance4) _(此次实验取得的成功) aroused great interest among merchants.Key: The huge success of this experiment5) We should _(采取把解决人民的眼前困难与长期发展相结合的方针).Key: combine solving peoples imme

14、diate problem with promoting long-term development注意2：汉语修饰词多，翻译时应适当减省6) A qualified teacher should be good at _(把理论和实践很好地结合起来).Key: integrating theory with practice2. 语气修辞上的减省(语义正确+语气准确)If you want to answer these questions, _(只要打开书本就行了).Key: just open the book3. 语言结构上的减省Because the space is so grea

15、t, _(所以很难计算出星际间的距离).Key: it is difficult to work out the distance of stars练习：1. He took my watch away _(在我不知道的情况下).2. I attend the training class to _(提高英语水平).3. Albert attached great importance to _ (事情的孰先孰后，轻重缓急).4. _(如果你觉得合适就干，不合适就别干). Its all up to you. 5. Although he studied economics at univer

16、sity, _ (但是他毕生的理想是当个哲学家). 1. without my knowledge2. improve my English3. the priorities of the matters4. Go ahead if you think the job suits you and dont if not 5. to be a philosopher is his lifelong interest（四）正反对译：又称反译法，指从与原句不同或相反的角度入手，处理译文，表达原文的意思。注意汉英在肯定与否定的表达上差别很大。汉译英中肯定与否定的转换，主要考点为下面几个：1. 汉否定，

17、英肯定1) I cannot concentrate on my study today, because _(我昨晚几乎整夜没睡).Key: I stayed awake almost the whole night2) Professor Smith explained the problem to me in detail after class, as _(这个问题我还是不懂).Key: I remained confused about the problem(思考：还是什么也没说；没长胖；仍不熟悉)3) My parents count a lot on me, and _(我绝不

18、会辜负他们对我的期望).Key: I will live up to their expectation(思考：英语中有哪些常见的词汇短语本身用肯定形式来表达否定意义？)不情愿无效没到，缺席不足，缺乏4) _(如果他不发脾气), an agreement would probably have been reached.Key: If he had kept his temperbe reluctant toin vainin absencein deficiency5) If only he had raised the problem earlier! _(现在局面已非他能控制).Key:

19、 The situation has now gone beyond him意料不到理解不了无法描述毋庸置疑力不能及2. 汉肯，英否1) The thought of returning to his motherland _ (始终萦绕在他心头).Key: never deserted himbeyond expectationbeyond understandingbeyond wordsbeyond disputebeyond ability2) In winter, when clothes are washed, they _(很难干).Key: dont dry easily3)

20、As the saying goes, _(凡是规定都有例外).Key: there is no law that has no exceptions4) What surprised me was that _(每个同学都带来了一份礼物).Key: none of the classmates came without bringing a gift5) _(调查结果清清楚楚地显示) that the patient had died of heart attack.Key: The investigation left no doubt3. 汉语为否定，译文仍为否定，但位置发生转移1) W

21、e plished the project at the cost of 20 billion, consequently, _(我们笑不出来).Key: we wont be able to laugh2) _(他认为并不稀奇) about Bills achievement in his career.Key: He did not think there was anything rare注意：在部分否定中也有否定转移现象(not + 不定代词或副词构成部分否定，也可把not 移后，与助动词或情态动词连用) Not every student can be hard-working.=

22、Every student cannot be hard-working.4. 惯用表达中的正反对译，常考的有下面这些：要不是你及时帮忙，我们公司会损失很多。But for your timely help, our company would have suffered a lot.我最不想和他谈话。He is the last man I want to talk to.科学研究越细心越好。You can not be too careful in doing scientific research.我们要等皮特来了再开始开会。We wont start the meeting until

23、 Peter comes.只有聪明人才知道怎么处理这复杂的情况。None but a clever man can know how to deal with the complicated situation.一说就做No sooner said than done.他不但不听我的劝告，反而去做我警告他不要做的事。Far from taking my advice, he went and did just what I warned him not to do.他宁愿饿死，也不愿去偷。He would rather die of hunger than steal.那条路一点也不安全。That road is anything but safe.他与其说是受伤了还不如说是吓到了。H