acupuncture针灸学英文版

1、acupuncture针灸学英文版acupuncture针灸学英文版第1页Acupuncture2 acupuncture针灸学英文版第2页3acupuncture针灸学英文版第3页4acupuncture针灸学英文版第4页5acupuncture针灸学英文版第5页6Electroacupuncture therapy appratusacupuncture针灸学英文版第6页A general introduction to meridians and collaterals They pertain to the viscera organs interiorly and link the

2、extremities and joints exteriorly. They run and connect the upper and lower aspects of the body, unifying all parts of the body into an organic whole and maintaining the harmonious balance of all the functions and activities of many parts of the body. 7acupuncture针灸学英文版第7页A general introduction to m

3、eridians and collaterals It integrates physiology, diagnosis theories and treatment principles in Tradtional Chinese Medicine. This is especially so in the pratice of acupuncture in syndrome differentiation, point selection, the needling techniques of reinforcing and reducing.8acupuncture针灸学英文版第8页Me

4、ridians and Collateralsgeneral conception: The meridians and collaterals(jing-luo) are the pathways that transport qi and blood to nourish the whole body. 9acupuncture针灸学英文版第9页Meridians(jing mai)-channelsMeridians means “go through” or “a path”. They are the main trunks, thick and large. They run lo

5、ngitudinally and interiorly within the body. 10acupuncture针灸学英文版第10页 the twelve regular meridiansthe eight extra meridians the twelve divergent meridians Meridiansthe twelve muscle regions the twelve cutaneous RegionsThe three yin meridians of footThe three yin meridians of handThe three yang meridi

6、ans of handThe three yang meridians of footbackacupuncture针灸学英文版第11页Collaterals(luo mai)Collaterals(luo mai) means “something that connects” or “a net”. They are the branches of the meridians, thin and small. They run transversely and superficially, and crisscross and net the whole body. 12acupunctu

7、re针灸学英文版第12页13the fifteen collateralsthe minute collateralsthe superficial collaterals collateralsacupuncture针灸学英文版第13页The twelve regular meridians1. the compositon2. the nomenclature3. the characteristics of the distribution4. the direction of flow and the connecting places5. the exterior-interior

8、relationship6. the function of the twelve meridians 14acupuncture针灸学英文版第14页The twelve meridians It is based on yin and yang, the associated zang and fu organ, and their pathway on either the hand or foot . yang meridians - Yangming, Shaoyang, Taiyang; yin meridians - Shaoyin, Jueyin, Taiyin. zang or

9、gans（five zang plus pericardium)- yin, fu organs (six fu)-yang. The medial aspect is attributed to yin, Lateral aspect is attributed to yang. 151.Nomenclaturebackacupuncture针灸学英文版第15页1.Nomenclature16taiyinJueyin shaoyinhandfootlungperecardiumheartspleenliverkidneyacupuncture针灸学英文版第16页1.Nomenclaturey

10、angmingshaoyangtaiyanghandfootLargeintestinesanjiaoSmallintestineUrinarybladdergallbladderstomachacupuncture针灸学英文版第17页the twelve regular meridiansThe three yin meridians of handThe three yang meridians of handThe three yin meridians of footThe three yang meridians of footLung meridian of Hand-Taiyin

11、 Pericardium meridian of Hand-JueyinHeart meridian of Hand-ShaoyinLarge intestine meridian of Hand-YangmingSanjiao meridian of Hand-ShaoyangSmall intestine meridian of Hand-TaiyangStomach meridian of Foot-YangmingSpleen meridian of Foot-TaiyinLiver meridian of Foot-JueyinKidney meridian of Foot-Shao

12、yinGallbladder meridian of Foot-ShaoyangBladder meridian of Foot-Taiyangbackacupuncture针灸学英文版第18页Lower limbsYin meridians19Hand meridiansFoot meridiansThe medial aspectUpper limbs 2.Distribution characteristicsbackacupuncture针灸学英文版第19页Lower limbsYang meridians20Hand meridiansFoot meridiansThe latera

13、l aspectUpper limbsacupuncture针灸学英文版第20页21Tai yin meridiansthe anterior borderJueyin meridians the middle borderOn the lower shank小腿( 8 cun to the medial malleolus踝) where the liver meridian of foot-jueyin is on the anterior and the spleen meridian of foot-taiyin is in the middle.yangming meridianss

14、haoyang meridianstaiyang meridiansthe posterior borderShaoyin meridians acupuncture针灸学英文版第21页headchestabdomenhandfootYin meridianYang meridiandirection of flow and the connecting places backacupuncture针灸学英文版第22页23acupuncture针灸学英文版第23页direction of flow and the connecting places 1. the three yin merid

15、ians of hand run from the chest to the hand (connect with the three yang meridians of hand)2. the three yang meridians of hand run from the hand to the head (connect with the three yang meridians of foot)3. the three yang meridians of foot run from the head to the foot (connect with the three yin me

16、ridians of foot)4. the three yin meridians of foot run from the foot to the abdomen and chest (connect with the three yin meridians of hand) The head is the leader of all the yang meridians24acupuncture针灸学英文版第24页the connecting places of the twelve meridians1. the yin meridians connect with yang meri

17、dians in the four limbs.(1) the three yin meridians of hand meet the three yang meridians of hand at the tips of the fingers;(2) the three yang meridians of foot meet the three yin meridians of foot at the tips of the toes;2. the yang meridians connect with yang meridians sharing the same name on th

18、e head and face.(nose, the inner canthus, the outer canthus)3. the yin meridians connect with yin meridians in the chest.( heart, chest, lung region)25acupuncture针灸学英文版第25页direction of flow and the connecting places The twelve meridians link to one another due to the connection of the meridians of t

19、he hand and foot, yin and yang, and interior and exterior meridian, forming a cyclical system without end. It originates from the middle jiao, starts from the lung and ends in the liver after completing a cycle through the body, finally returning to the lung.26acupuncture针灸学英文版第26页27acupuncture针灸学英文

20、版第27页the exterior-interior relationship The twelve meridians form six pairs of internally-externally related meridians. The internally-externally related meridians promote and control each other in physiological situation, and transform and affect each other in pathological situation.28backacupunctu

21、re针灸学英文版第28页internally-externally29Lung large intestinePericardium sanjiao heart small intestine Spleen stomachLiver gallbladderkidney bladder Zang Fu acupuncture针灸学英文版第29页the function of the twelve meridians1. connect the zang-fu organs interiorly2. link to the limbs exteriorly3. transport the qi a

22、nd blood4. nourish the whole body30backacupuncture针灸学英文版第30页The eight extra meridians It refer to the eight meridians that have specific functions, and include the Du, Ren, chong, dai, yangqiao, yinqiao, yangwei and yinwei meridians.31acupuncture针灸学英文版第31页 Twelve regular meridiansEight extra meridia

23、ns32the Du meridianthe Ren meridianthe Chong meridianthe Dai meridianthe Yangqiao meridianthe Yinqiao meridianthe Yangwei meridianthe Yinwei meridian.have pointsFourteen meridiansacupuncture针灸学英文版第32页The characteristics of the eight extra meridians1. none of them pertain to or connect with a zang or

24、 fu organ;2. they are not exteriorly-interiorly related;3. they do have not related hand or foot meridians, some of them do not have a yin or yang aspect;4. they do not have a cyclical flow of qi as in the regular meridians;5. apart from the du and ren meridians which have their own points, the othe

25、r meridians share their points with the twelve regular meridians.33acupuncture针灸学英文版第33页The functions of the eight extra meridians1. connect the twelve regular meridians,2. store, drain and adjust the qi and blood of the regular meridians(1) when there is a plenty of qi and blood in the twelve merid

26、ians, qi and blood are absorbed by the eight extra meridians to be stored for future use.(2) when there is an insufficiency of qi and blood, they release qi and blood to the twelve regular meridians.34acupuncture针灸学英文版第34页The Du meridian The Du meridian runs along the midline of the back and ascends

27、 head and face and meets all the yang meridians. “The sea of the yang meridians” Functions: regulate the qi of all yang meridians.35acupuncture针灸学英文版第35页The Ren meridian The Ren meridian runs along the midline of the abdomen and the chest, and proceeds upward to the chin. “The sea of the yin meridia

28、ns” Functions: regulate the qi of all yin meridians.36acupuncture针灸学英文版第36页 The physiological functions and pathogenic changes of the meridians and collaterals (1) connecting the interior and exterior, and linking the thorax and the limbs (2) transporting qi and blood and nourishing the whole body (

29、3) resisting pathogens and protecting the body (4) regulating the function of the zang-fu organs and keeping the balance. 371. The physiological functions acupuncture针灸学英文版第37页2. pathogenic changes38the meridian-collateralsthe meridian-collateralsthe meridian-collateralspathology of the zang-fu.path

30、ology of the five sense organs.pathology of the superficial area of the body.relationshipacupuncture针灸学英文版第38页3.Clinical application1. Guidance of diagnosis(1)distinguishing the disordered meridian from location headache39lateral sideback of the headTop of the head Shao yang meridianTai yang meridia

31、nJue yin meridianacupuncture针灸学英文版第39页40acupuncture针灸学英文版第40页 (2) distinguishing the disorders of meridians according to the specific symptoms Liver-fire reddened eyes(3)distinguishing the disorders of the zang-fu organs Zhong fu lung diseases (front mu point of lung)41acupuncture针灸学英文版第41页42acupunc

32、ture针灸学英文版第42页2.Guidance of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment The doctrine of meridian-collateral can be used as guide for the theoretical basis for treatment based on differentiation, selection of points and the reinforcing and reduing method in acupuncture and moxibustion therapy.43acupuncture

33、针灸学英文版第43页44acupuncture针灸学英文版第44页Acupoints Every meridian has attributed acupoints. Acupoints are the sites where the meridian qi is transmitted to the superficial aspect of the body.45acupuncture针灸学英文版第45页General introduction to acupoints Acupoints are the specific sites through which the qi of the

34、 zang-fu organs and meridians is transported to the body surface, and through which acupuncture and moxibustion and other therapies are applied by external stimulation. Shuxue(acupoint) are also termed “xue” or “xuewei”. “shu” means “transportation” and “transmission”, while “xue” means “hole” or “g

35、athering”. 46acupuncture针灸学英文版第46页Classification of acupoints1.Acupoints of the fourteen meridians2. Extraordinary points3. Ashi acupoints 47acupuncture针灸学英文版第47页Fourteen meridian points The Acupoints distributed along the twelve regular meridians and the Du and Ren meridians are called “Acupoints o

36、f the fourteen meridians”, or “meridian points”. They can not only treat the diseases of meridians themselves, but also reflect disorders of the fourteen meridians and the related zang-fu organs. 48acupuncture针灸学英文版第48页Twelve regular meridians49Ren meridian24 points309 pairs of points Du meridian28

37、points361 pointsacupuncture针灸学英文版第49页50acupuncture针灸学英文版第50页Extraordinary points Extraordinary points definite location (extra points) specific name treat certain diseases51 not related to the fourteen meridiansTaiyangheadachelow backache Yaoyan acupuncture针灸学英文版第51页52TaiyangYaoyan acupuncture针灸学英文版

38、第52页 Although scattered over the body, they are still related to the meridian system. Yintang is related to the Du meridian. Taiyang is related to the Sanjiao meridian53acupuncture针灸学英文版第53页54YintangTaiyangacupuncture针灸学英文版第54页Ashi points55Ashi pointssensitive pointsreflex pointstender spotsneither

39、specific names nor definite locationneither points of the fourteen meridians nor the extra pointsusually near the affected areasacupuncture针灸学英文版第55页The therapeutic properties of acupoints1. the local and adjacent therapeutic properties 2. the remote therapeutic properties3. the special therapeutic

40、properties56acupuncture针灸学英文版第56页The local and adjacent therapeutic properties of the points All the acupoints share a common feature in terms of their therapeutic properties. Acupoints can treat disorders of the nearby tissues and organs. 57acupuncture针灸学英文版第57页Jingming eye disorders58acupuncture针灸

41、学英文版第58页Zhongwangastric disorders59acupuncture针灸学英文版第59页The remote therapeutic properties of the points The points of the fourteen meridians, especially those of the twelve regular meridians located below the elbow and knee joints, are effective not only for local disorders but also for disorder of

42、the tissues and zang-fu organs so far as the course of their pertaining meridians can effect. 60acupuncture针灸学英文版第60页 diseases of the neck, head and face diseases of the upper limbs 61Hegufeveracupuncture针灸学英文版第61页62 Zusanli a defensive effectdisorders of the lower limbsthe whole digestive system ac

43、upuncture针灸学英文版第62页The special therapeutic properties of the points Clinical practice has demonstrated that puncturing certain points may bring forth homeostatic beneficial regulation on a variety of functional abnormalities of the body. Puncturing the same acupoint may have two opposite reactions w

44、hen the body is in different functional states. When the body is in a hyperfunctional state, acupuncture may decrease the function. On the contrary, when body is in a hypofunctional state, acupuncture may increase the function. 63acupuncture针灸学英文版第63页The special therapeutic properties of the points

45、Puncturing Neiguan corrects both tachycardia and bradycardia.64 Neiguan(2 cun above the transverse crease of the wrist)acupuncture针灸学英文版第64页65 Tianshu(2 cun lateral to the umbilicus) Needing Tianshu relieves both diarrhea and constipation.acupuncture针灸学英文版第65页The indications of the fourteen meridian

46、s 1. the points of a meridian are indicated in the disorders of the particular meridian.2. points of the exteriorly-interiorly related meridians can be used to treat disorders of these two meridians.3. neighboring points can be combined to treat local diseases.66acupuncture针灸学英文版第66页Methods of locating acupoints1. proportional measurement2. finger measurement(1) middle finger measurement(2) thumb measurement(3) four-finger measurement3. simple measurement67acupuncture针灸学英文版第67页Proportional measurement This method utilizes the bones and joints as land