如何做高中英语阅读理解中的推理判断题-教案

1、PAGE 5PAGE 10Reading Comprehensionhow to make inferences Teaching aim:To improve the students ability of make inferencesTeaching procedures:Step One: Lead-in1. How much time do you usually spend on this exam item? 2. 解读2011年高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求要求考生读懂简易的英语文学作品、科普文章、公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章并回答相关问题。考生应能

2、：、理解语篇主旨要义 ；、理解文中具体信息； 、根据上下文推断生词的词义；、作出简单判断和理解；、理解文章的基本结构；、理解作者的意图和态度; 7 、根据所读，用恰当的词语补全文章提纲、概括关键内容或作关键词词语转换 。3How many question types are there in this exam item? 事实细节型；词义猜测型；推理判断型；主旨大意型Step Two: Finding out ways Give students a sample and then help them get the relative ways to solve each question

3、 type. Then let them do some practice.1. How to infer the implied meanings(推断隐含意义)【Sample】 It is fun to turn over a big rock on the beach. Make sure you turn the rock back to the position it was in after you moved it. If you dont turn it back over, all the sea animals under it or clinging to（依附）the

4、underside will die. You can tell that rocks _.(B)A. hurt sea animals B. protect sea animalsC. wont be found on beaches D. cant be found on beaches【解题技巧】 1.全面分析2.忠实原文3.不选表层信息【Practice】1). (2010江苏B)The real problem is that the areas where wolves can live are being used by peopleEven if wilderness land

5、 is not used directly for human needs, the wolves cant always find enough food. So they travel to the nearest source, which is often a farm. Then there is danger. The“big bad wolf”has arrived! And everyone knows what happens nextThe last sentence“ And everyone knows what happens next” implies that i

6、n such cases.(B)Afarm animals will be in danger and have to be shipped awayBwolves will kill people and people will in turn kill themCwolves will find enough food sources on farmsDpeople will leave the areas where wolves can live2). (2010全国卷II A）One day, as I was getting her food, Brownie chewed up(

7、咬破) one of Dads shoes, which had to be thrown away in the end. I knew Dad would be mad and I had to let her know what she did was wrong. When I looked at her and said, “Bad girl.” She looked down at the ground and then went and hid. I saw a tear in her eyes.We can infer from Paragraph 2 that Brownie

8、 _.(B)A. would eat anything when hungry B. felt sorry for her mistake C. loved playing hide-and-seek D. disliked the authors dad2. How to infer the authors opinion and attitudes(推断作者观点或态度)作者观点态度题的解题方法：作者的态度和立场一般分为三大类：支持、赞同、乐观；客观、中立；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。同学们除了可以通过在文中寻找带有感情色彩的词来判断作者的态度外，有时还需要综合运用一些阅读方法，如：根据文章中与

9、问题相关的细节做出判断，根据作者提供的例证推断其暗示的态度、观点，有时还需要同学们通读全文并把握文章的主旨，最后做出正确选择。【Sample】Why isnt your newspaper reporting any good news？All I read about is murder, bribery(行贿)，and death. Frankly, I am sick of all the bad news.This authors attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to _.(A)A. complain B. apologize C

10、. amuse D. inform【解题技巧】1.注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子2.推断出作者的弦外之音3.站在作者的立场或角度【描述作者态度的词】 objective; neutral; subjective; positive; negative; critical; pessimistic; optimistic; approving; disapproving; indifferent; ironic下面我们以高考题为例，具体分析作者观点态度题的解题方法。【Practice】例1： On the first day of my visit, we went out

11、 with one of my fathers friends for lunch at an outdoor caf. We walked along that afternoon, did some shopping, ate at the street table, and lauded over my sons funny facial expressions. Gone was my fathers critical(挑剔的) air and strict rules. Who was this person I knew as my father, who seemed so fr

12、iendly and interesting to be around? What had held him back before? (2008年全国卷I A篇)58. What does the author think of her father after her visit to Tucson? A. More critical. B. More talkative. C. Gentle and friendly. D. Strict and hard-working.【解析】本题问作者对父亲的看法。A更挑剔了；B更健谈了；C温和而友好；D严厉而且勤奋。此题需要从文章的细节描写着手找

13、到答案。根据“Gone was my fathers critical(挑剔的)air and strict rules”和“who seemed so friendly and interesting to be around”这两句可推知作者感觉父亲不像从前那么严厉、难以相处了，父亲现在看起来友好而且有趣。答案选C。例2： People believe that climbing can do good to health. Where can you learn the skill of climbing then? If you think that you have to go to

14、 the mountains to learn how to climb, youre wrong. Many Americans are learning to climb in city gyms(体育馆).How do people climb the wall? To climb, you need special shoes and a harness (保护带) around your chest to hold you. A beginners wall is usually about 15 feet high, and you climb straight up. The m

15、ost difficult part is to control your fear. Climbing attracts people because its good exercise for almost everyone. You use your whole body, especially your arms and legs. This sport gives your body a complete workout. When you climb, both your mind and your body can become stronger. (2008年安徽卷C篇) 67

16、. Why does the author write this passage?A. To tell people where to find gyms.B. To prove the basic need for climbing.C. To encourage people to climb mountains.D. To introduce the sport of wall climbing.【解析】题目问作者的写作目的，这在文章中并没有指明，需要同学们通读全文来把握文章大意。从全文来看，本文主要讲述的是攀登运动越来越受到人们的青睐，但也需要训练，详尽地介绍了对身体有益的室内攀登运动

17、。四个选项对作者写作意图表述如下：A告诉人们哪里有体育馆；B证明人们对攀登有着最基本的需求；c鼓励人们去登山；D介绍室内攀登这项运动。选项A不是文章的主题；选项B在文章结尾段虽有涉及，但也算不上是主要内容；作者虽然提及了攀登的好处，但并未明确鼓励人们参与此项运动，因此C不正确。答案为D。例3： The number of married women who want to continue working increases rapidly because they enjoy their jobs. However, if they want to have children, they i

18、mmediately have serious problems. Though most companies allow women to leave their jobs for a short time to have a baby, they expect women with babies to give up their jobs. In short, if they want to bring up children properly, both parents have to work, but it is hard for mothers to work. Indeed, w

19、omen who want to continue working have to choose between having children or keeping their jobs. In a word, Asian governments must take steps to improve the present situation as soon as possible. (2008年安徽卷E篇)75. The writer seems to believe that Asian governments should . A. let women stay at home and

20、 have a baby B. allow one of the parents to go out to work C. care for the growing needs of women for jobs D. punish the companies that permit women to leave【解析】题目问作者在亚洲政府对女性就业这一问题上给出了什么建议。A让女性回归家庭生儿育女；B允许父母中的一个外出工作；C对女性在工作方面的需求多加关注；D惩罚那些允许女性离职的公司。根据第一段最后一句话“Indeed, women whoor keeping their jobs”及最

21、后一段可知女性所面临的实际困难，所以亚洲各国政府应该采取一些措施改变这一现状来避免出现更多的DINK家庭，而最有效的措施是C项。例4：Well, I had nothing against feeling great and if Alex could jog every day, anyone could. So I took up jogging seriously and gave it a good two months of my life, and not a day more. Based on my experience, jogging is the most overval

22、ued form of exercise around. And judging from the number of the people who left our neighborhood jogging army, Im not alone in my opinion. (2008年浙江卷D篇)54. What was the writers attitude towards jogging in the beginning? A. He felt it was worth a try.B. He was very fond of it.C. He was strongly agains

23、t it.D. He thought it must be painful.【解析】本段讲述了作者通过亲自参加jogging(慢跑)锻炼，体会到jogging并不像人们想象中的那么好，他认为自己的锻炼方式也可以达到健身的目的。题目问作者起初对慢跑的看法如何。A他认为值得一试；B他非常喜欢这项运动；C他极力反对这项运动D他认为这项运动非常痛苦。从“I had nothing against feeling great and if Alex could jog every day, anyone could.”和“So I took up jogging seriously and gave i

24、t a good two months of my life, and not a day more.”两句，我们可以看出作者起初对慢跑并无排斥心理，而且认为值得一试，A项较符合作者的态度。 例5：It was in a tree, too, that our days of fooling around in the woods came to an end. By then some of us had reached seventh grade and had begun the rough ride of adolescence(青春期). In March, the month wh

25、en we usually took to the woods again after winter, two friends and I set out to go exploring. We climbed a tree, and all of a sudden it occurred to all three of us at the same time that we really were rather big to be up in a tree. Soon there would be the spring dances on Friday evenings in the hig

26、h school cafeteria. (2008年天津卷E篇)55. How does the author feel about his childhood?A. Happy but short. B. Lonely but memorable. C. Boring and meaningless.D. Long and unforgettable.【解析】题目问作者如何评价自己的童年。A快乐却短暂；B孤单却值得回忆；C乏味、无趣；D漫长而又难忘。根据“It was in a tree, too, that our days of fooling around in the woods c

27、ame to an end.”和 下句“In March,”以及下句“and all of a sudden it occurred to a11 three of ushigh school cafeteria”可以看出作者是在慨叹童年时光快乐却短暂。答案选A。 例6：（2010天津C）In the kitchen of my mothers houses there has always been a wooden stand（木架）with a small notepad（记事本）and a hole for a pencil.Im looking for paper on which

28、to note down the name of a book I am recommending to my mother. Over forty years since my earliest memories of the kitchen pad and pencil, five houses later, the current paper and pencil look the same as they always did. Surely it cant be the same pencil? The pad is more modern, but the wooden stand

29、 is definitely the original one.“Im just amazed you still have the same stand for holding the pad and pencil after all these years.” I say to her, walking back into the living-room with a sheet of paper and the pencil. “You still use a pencil. Cant you afford a pen?”My mother replies a little sharpl

30、y. “It works perfectly well. Ive always kept the stand in the kitchen. I never knew when I might want to note down an idea, and I was always in the kitchen in these days.”What is the authors original opinion about the wooden stand? (B)A. It has great value for the family. B. It needs to be replaced

31、by a better one.C. It brings her back to her lonely childhood. D. It should be passed on to the next generation.In the authors mind, her mother is _.(B)A. strange in behavior. B. keen on her research.C. fond of collecting old things. D. careless about her appearance. 3. How to infer the writing purp

32、ose(推断写作目的)【Sample】“Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave? Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over you?”asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh.“There is certainly a lot of energy in waves,”he said.T

33、he writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _(B)A. test the readers knowledge about waves B. draw the readers attention to the topicC. show Jamie Taylors importance D. invite the readers to answer them【写作目的归纳】to entertain readers 娱乐读者，让人发笑,常见于故事类的文章。to persuade readers说服读者接受某

34、种观点,常见于广告类的文章。to inform readers 告知读者某些信息,多见于科普类新闻报道类文化类或社会类文章.【Practice】1). (2010四川B)Boiler rooms are often dirty and steamy, but this one is clean and cool. Fox Point is a very new47-unit living building in South Bronx, one of the citys poorest areas. Two-thirds of the people living there are forme

35、rly (以前) homeless people, whose rent is paid by the government. The rest are low-income families. The boiler room has special equipment, which produces energy for electricity and heat. It reuses heat that would otherwise be lost to the air, reducing carbon emissions(碳排放)while also cutting costs. Wha

36、t is the purpose of describing the boiler room in the first paragraph?(C)A. To explain the measures the city takes to care for poor people. B. To suggest that affordable housing is possible in all areas.C. To show how the environment-friendly building works.D. To compare old and new boiler rooms.4.

37、How to infer the structure and organization(推断文脉关系)【Question forms】The next paragraph would most probably deal with _The paragraph preceding this one would most likely discuss _.【解题技巧】推测下文的内容：推断下文要注意最后一段的内容。推测上文的内容：关注第一段，特别是开始几句话。【Practice】(2010湖北B) In this article, Ill describe three no-win situati

38、ons that commonly arise between teens and parents and then suggest some ways out of the trap. The first no-win situation is quarrels over unimportant things. Examples include the color of the teens hair, the cleanliness of the bedroom, the preferred style of clothing, the childs failure to eat a goo

39、d breakfast before school, or his tendency to sleep until noon on the weekends. Second, blaming. The goal of a blaming battle is to make the other admit that his bad attitude is the reason why everything goes wrong. Third, needing to be right. It doesnt matter what the topic is politics, the laws of

40、 physics, or the proper way to break an eggthe point of these arguments is to prove that you are right and the other person is wrong, for both wish to be considered an authority someone who actually knows something and therefore to command respect. Unfortunately, as long as parents and teens continu

41、e to assume that they know more than the other, theyll continue to fight these battles forever and never make any real progress.What will the author most probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?(C)A. Causes for the parent-teen conflicts. B. Examples of the parent-teen war.C. Solutions for the

42、 parent-teen problems. D. Future of the parent-teen relationship.【Question forms】Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?How is the passage organized?【解题技巧】按段落的组织方法理解文章结构或按写作方法（论证方法）理解文章结构。【Practice】(2005江苏E) The twentieth century saw greater changes than any century before: c

43、hanges for the better, changes for the worse, changes that brought a lot of benefits to human beings, changes that put man in danger. Many things caused the changes, but, in my opinion, the most important was the progress in science.Scientific research in physics and biology has vastly broadened our

44、 views. It has given us a deeper knowledge of the structure of matter and of the universe, it has brought us a better understanding of the nature of life and of its continuous development. Technology in the application of science has made big advances that have benefited us in nearly every part of l

45、ife.The continuation of such activities in the twenty-first century will result in even greater advantages to human beings: in pure science a wider and deeper knowledge in all fields of learning; in applied science a more reasonable sharing of material benefits, and better protection of the environm

46、ent.Sadly, however, there is another side to the picture. The creativity of science has been employed in doing damage to mankindThe application of science and technology to the development and production of weapons of mass destruction has created a real danger to the continued existence of the human

47、 race on this planet. We have seen this happen in the case of nuclear weapons. Although their actual use has so far occurred only in the Second World War, the number of nuclear weapons that were produced and made ready for use was so large that if the weapons had actually been used, the result could

48、 have been the ruin of the human race, as well as of many kinds of animals.William Shakespeare said, The web of our life is of a mingled yarn（纱线）, good and ill together. The above brief review of the application of only one part of human activities science seems to prove what Shakespeare saidBut doe

49、s it have to be so? Must the ill always go together with the good? Are we biologically programmed for war?Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?（A） Step Three: ConclusionLet students have a discussion and draw a conclusion about what they should pay attention to while making

50、 inferences.判断有据, 推论有理, 忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意。全面分析所有相关信息，切忌片面思考,得出片面结论。善于揣摩作者思路，尽可能与作者的思路吻合。不可直接选取文中的原句。Give students some proverbs to encourage them.Rome wasnt built in a day. Work harder and practice more. Your hard-work will be rewarded by god one day. God is equal to everyone!Homework阅读理解专项练习推理判断

51、型1This storywhich happened before I was bornreminds me how extraordinary my mother was, and is also a gifted mathematician. I feel embarrassed that I complain about not having enough child-free time to work. Later, when my mother is in the bathroom, I go into her kitchen and turn over the breadboard

52、s. Sure enough, on the back of the smallest one, are some penciled marks I recognize as mathematics. Those symbols have traveled unaffected through fifty years, rooted in the soil of a cheap wooden breadboard, invisible（看不到的）exhibits at every meal. 49. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? （

53、2010年天津卷）A . The mother is successful in her career. B. The family members like traveling. C. The author had little time to play when young. D. The marks on the breadboard have disappeared. A. 推理判断题。根据最后一段的第一句This storywhich happened before I was bornreminds me how extraordinary my mother was, and i

54、s also a gifted mathematician. 推断。 2I grew up in a house where the TV was seldom turned on and with one wall in my bedroom entirely lined with bookshelves, most of my childhood was spent on books I could get hold of. In fact, I grew up thinking of reading as natural as breathing and books unbelievab

55、ly powerful in shaping perspectives (观点) by creating worlds we could step into, take part. in. and live in. 41. What can be inferred about the author as a child? （2010年四川卷A篇）A. He never watched TV. B. He read what he had to. C. He found reading unbelievable. D. He considered reading part of his life

56、. 41. 答案：D考点：细节理解题解析：根据首段第一二句， “I grew up in a house with one wall in my bedroom entirely lined with bookshelves. I grew up thinking of reading as natural as breathing”可知作者是在一个以书为伴的环境中长大的，读书像呼吸那样已经成为生活必需。 3Duret, an engineer on vacation ,was walking with his girlfriend along the pier(码头)when he saw

57、something falling into the water . He thought it was a doll, but realized it was a child when he approached the river. In an instant ,he took off his coat and jumped into the water. 50. Why was Duret in New York? （2010年陕西卷B篇） A. To meet his girlfriend B. To work as an engineerC. To spend his holiday

58、 D. To visit the Andersons. C. 【解析】推理判断题。根据第五自然段的首句可知本题选C。 4Anderson said his daughter slipped off the bank when he was adjusting his camera. An ambulance came later for her, said Duret, who was handed dry clothes from cookers. Duret caught a train with his girlfriend shortly after. The rescue happe

59、ned on the day before he left for France. Duret said he didnt realize his tale of heroism he was leaving the next morning . 53. When was duet most probably found to be the very hero? （2010年陕西卷B篇） A. The day when he was leaving for home. B. A couple of days after the girl was rescued C. The first day

60、 when he was in New York D. The same day when he was interviewed. B. 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二自然段可以推断出本题选B。 5Then the people realized what was happening. It was the frog. They hadnt been useless. They had been doing an important jobeating insects. Now with so many frogs killed, the insects were increasing