医学专业英语资料：hematology

1、The Cardiovascular Systemetrventrkjl atrioventricularvlvjl valvul(o)-ndotensn angiotensinarteriography :trarfaortitis ertats aorta ertcapillary kplrisphygmoscopy sfamskparteriole :tiriulThere are limits to who could take it because of the different drugs it contains. For example, _ women are told no

2、t to take Sustiva because of the risk of _. It could make life easier for many diabetics who require daily injections of insulin to control their blood _ levels. But it will not replace all insulin injections. And it is not for everyone. People who smoke or have stopped smoking for less than six mon

3、ths should not take Exubera. Some patients with _ should not take it either. CBC measures the numbers of different types of blood cells, their sizes, and their appearance. It is a very common and _ . In general, the test measures 3 _ of blood: _, _ and _ . The test measures the number, size, shape,

4、and appearance of the RBCs, and also the _ in them. The part of the test called a _ measures the percentage of your blood that is red blood cells. The total count of white cells is _. When the amounts of each of the different types of white blood cells are also measured, the test is called a _. Plat

5、elets are not actually blood cells. They are _ of large blood-forming cells. These fragments are essential for normal _. Why is this test done? This test is usually done to see if: You have anemia (too few red blood cells). You have a high level of white blood cells (also called leukocytosis). A hig

6、h white-blood-cell count is often a sign of infection.This test may be done for other reasons as well, such as to: Look for the cause of anemia. Check for certain diseases. Check the number of platelets.How is the test done? A small amount of blood is taken from your arm with a needle. The blood is

7、collected in tubes and sent to a lab. A machine in the lab measures the amounts of the different components in the sample of blood. The blood sample may also be viewed with a microscope to double check the different kinds of white blood cells. Having this test will take just a few minutes of your ti

8、me. There is no risk of getting AIDS, hepatitis, or any other blood-borne disease from this test.The Cardiovascular SystemWhat happened?HematologyHow to communicate and interpret the patients resultsReading (instruments, reagent, essay);Translation; conference reportLearning objectivesHematologyLabo

9、ratory1Text2Exercise (text, case) 3 Dialogue and week report4chapter lesson1Neutrophil: n.中性粒细胞Eosinophil： n.嗜酸粒细胞Basophil： n.嗜碱粒细胞Polymorphonuclear： a.多形核的，多形核白细胞Peripheral： a.外周的，周围的Erythrocyte： n. 红细胞 Erythropoietic： a.红细胞生成的 Cerebrospinal： a.脑脊髓的 Pleural： a.胸膜的 Peritoneal： a.腹膜的 pertni:l Abdomen

10、： n.腹部Synovial： a.滑液 Prothrombin： n.凝血酶原 Reticulocyte： n.网状细胞，网织红细胞Thrombocytopenia： n.血小板减少症 Activated partial thromboplastin time： APTT 活化部分凝血活酶时间hematocrit：血细胞比容 Smear： vt 涂，敷 n. 涂片Blood thinner： 血液稀释剂Marrow： n. 髓，尤指骨髓Hyper-: 超过，上 hypercalcemia:高钙血症 hapklsi:mi: calco-calci 钙 Hypertention：高血压Hypo-

11、：过少，下 Hypoglycemia：低血糖 glyco- 糖 Hypotention：低血压 hapoglasi:mr Meta-：变化Metamyelocyte：晚幼粒细胞 pan-： 全部，总 Panhematopenia：全血减少 pnmtopi:nrMono-：单一的 Monocyte：单核细胞Erythro-：红 Erythremia：红细胞增多症 erythrocytosis Erythroblast：成红细胞Hemato-，hema-，hemo，haemato-：血Leuco-，leuko-：白 Leucocytosis：白细胞增多 Leukorrhea：白带lympho-，l

12、ymph-：淋巴 Lymphoblast：成淋巴细胞 Lymphocytopenia：淋巴细胞减少 Lymphocytosis：淋巴细胞增多macro-：大，巨，长 ；megalo-mega- Macrocyte：巨细胞 megalocyte Macrophage：巨噬细胞-Penia：缺乏，不足，减少 Erythropenia：红细胞减少 Leucopenia：白细胞减少 Lymphopenia： Thrombopenia：血小板减少症-Poiesis：生成，造 Erythropoiesis：红细胞生成 Hemopoiesis：血细胞生成 leucopoiesisFibro-：纤维 Fibr

13、oblast：成纤维细胞Myelo-，myel-：骨髓，脊髓 Myeloblast：成髓细胞，原始粒细胞 Myelocyte：髓细胞-emia（-mia)：血症，血 Bacteremia：菌血症 Cholemia：胆血症 Septicemia：败血症 septsi:mreosino-嗜酸,曙红,伊红 i:snEosino-Lactobacillus ：嗜酸乳杆菌 Phlebo-, phleb-: 静脉 phlebotomy: 抽血，静脉切除术baso- ：碱；基底；盐基性 thrombo- ：血栓 thrombosis 血栓形成reticulo-：网状 rmbss Phago-, (-phag

14、e,-phagia): 吞噬，食 phagocyte : 吞噬细胞 -philia (-philic): 嗜，亲-rrhage; -rrhagia: 流出 gastrorrhagia:胃出血 gstrredrBlood 美国血液学会杂志 Haematologica on Internet 意大利血液学杂志 Blood Weekly 有关血液病和研究的每周国际新闻。 Journal Thrombosis and Haemostasis 止血与血栓杂志 Pediatric Hematology/Oncology 儿科血液学/肿瘤学 Hematology and Cell Therapy血液学和细胞

15、治疗British Journal of Haematology 英国血液杂志American Society of Hematology 美国血液学会 American Society of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology美国儿童血液和肿瘤学会 BloodLine - The Online Hematology Resource 血液在线 International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) 国际止血血栓学会American Association of Blood Banks 美国血库协会Briti

16、sh Society for Haematology 英国血液学会International Society for Experimental Hematology 国际实验血液学协会American Academy of Pediatrics: Section on Hematology/Oncology 美国儿科学会血液/肿瘤学分会American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (ASBMT)美国血液和骨髓移植协会 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 美国国家心脏、肺和血液研究所Le

17、ukemia & Lymphoma Society 白血病和淋巴瘤学会 HematologyHematology is the study of blood. Blood is composed of approximately 35% to 45% formed elements and 55% to 65% plasma (the liquid portion). The formed elements are blood cells, while plasma is made up of primarily water, with small amounts of salts, prot

18、eins and carbohydrates.It also contains coagulation factor such as factor . The main function of blood is to carry nutrients and oxygen to tissues and organs throughout the body and to collect metabolic waste products for elimination. Blood cells also function as an immune defense against bacteria,

19、viruses, fungi and parasites.Bacterium, virus, fungus and parasite.Why get tested?To determine general health status and to screen for and monitor a variety of disorders, such as anemia When to get tested?As part of a routine medical exam or as determined by your doctorSample required?A blood sample

20、 drawn from a vein in the arm or a fingerstick or heelstick (newborns)COLLECTIONFirst, a doctor, nurse, technician or phlebotomist draws your blood. Several tubes of blood may need to be drawn for different types of tests. After the sample is collected, the container is labeled with your name and ei

21、ther your birth date or medical record number. If you are bringing a sample to the lab, make sure it has your name, so the correct tests are done and the results are reported on the right patient.Laboratory Diagnosis Ask the patients information (identification ) Collect blood samples (Specimen coll

22、ection ) Veinpuncture or phlebotomy Draw/taking the blood (vein, finger, heel ) fasting 空腹 random随机（blood sugar） Blood specimen tube (labeled correctly ) Different tube topLaboratory Diagnosis/WebPath/TUTORIAL/PHLEB/PHLEB.htmlPROCESSINGWhen the sample gets to the laboratory, it is logged into the ho

23、spital computer. In some cases, the liquid portion of blood is separated from the cells to prepare it for testing, and then the laboratory staff perform the testing. The hematology laboratory receives an average of 1000 specimens a day, and does about 500,000 tests a year. The main parts of the lab

24、are ：Routine, encompassing complete blood counts, white cell differentials, reticulocyte counting, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and related tests. Laboratory DiagnosisAllergy Blood TestingComplete Blood Count Cholesterol TestCancer Detection Blood TestingThyroid Disease Liver Diseases Blood Testi

25、ng Most common blood testsComplete Blood Count The Complete Blood Count (CBC) test is an automated count of the cells in the blood. A standard CBC includes the following:White blood cell (WBC) count White blood cell differential Red blood cell (RBC) countHemoglobin Hematocrit platelet count k:pskjlM

26、ean corpuscular volume (MCV) 红细胞平均体积Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)红细胞平均血红蛋白Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) Red cell distribution width (RDW)红细胞平均分布宽度 Complete Blood CountNeutrophil： 中性粒细胞 -philia : 嗜, 亲Lipophlic:Hydrophlic:Eosinophil：嗜酸粒细胞eosino-：嗜酸,曙红,伊红 Basophil嗜碱粒细胞Baso-Monocy

27、te单核细胞Mono-Relative value:相对值Patient results report of hematology Other frequently requested testsOther tests that frequently performed in the hematology laboratory include reticulocyte count to evaluate erythropoietic activity of the bone marrow. Another test is erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

28、 which is used to identify and monitor inflammation.erythropoietic activity: 红细胞形成能力(ESR)：红细胞沉降率Body fluids such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), pleural fluid (from the lungs), peritoneal fluid (from the abdomen) and synovial fluid (from the joints) are examined for the presence and numbers of inflamm

29、atory cells or malignant cells. 见书上P40页参考翻译Clinical laboratory practitioners in the hematology section also assist pathologists and other clinicians in preparing bone marrow smears. Bone marrow is a substance found within the bones that contains precursor cells and immature erythrocytes, leukocytes

30、and platelets. When a patient is suspected of having severe anemia or leukemia, bone marrow biopsy and aspiration spren are performed to confirm or reject this suspicion. A pathologist of the physician performs the biopsy and aspiration procedure while the hematology practitioner prepares the sample

31、 for processing. Biopsy：活组织检查 Bone marrow smears are stained and examined for abnormal changes in leukocytes, erythrocytes and platelets.Stain：染色Abnormal： bnrml 异常的Flow cytometryFlow cytometry is one of the newest technological innovations in the hematology laboratory. A flow cytometer is an instrum

32、ent that not only count cells but also helps differentiate cell types based on how cells scatter a laser light beam. Cytometry：satmtr 血细胞计数Differentiate： dfrenet 区分，辨别Using a panel of fluorescent-labeled antibodies, a patients lymphocytes may be categorized into two major types, B lymphocytes and T

33、lymphocytes and further delineated into specific stage of development. This is essential in accurate differentiation of the different types of leukemia and to provide appropriate therapy for the patient.Fluorescent：Coagulation studiesDepending on size and organization of the hospital laboratory, coa

34、gulation testing may be performed in the hematology department or in a section called coagulation or hemostasis. Coagulation studies are performed to diagnose bleeding or clotting disorders.Screening tests for coagulation status are critical in patients who undergo a surgical procedure. Coagulation

35、studies are also essential in monitoring patients undergoing anticoagulant therapy. Anticoagulants or “blood thinners” are given to patients who have suffered a heart attack or stroke, to prevent blood from clotting again. Prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) are th

36、e two tests performed to monitor the dosage of anticoagulant given to the patient.If the does is too high, the patient may spontaneously bleed; if the does is too low, the clotting problem may recur.Special coagulation studies are tests performed to detect deficiencies in coagulation factors, or poo

37、rly functioning or abnormally low numbers of platelets. Other anomalies of the blood vessels and coagulation system are also tested in this area. Coagulation factor , or antihemophilia factor, deficiency is the factor deficiency most people are familiar with. Hemophiliacs lack this clotting factor and therefore are at high