浅析《呼啸山庄》中希斯克利夫的爱与恨

1、 重庆南方翻译学院本科毕业论文中文题目：浅析呼啸山庄中希斯克利夫的爱与恨 外文题目：Analysis of Love and Hate of Heathcliff in Wuthering Heights 院 系 国 际 商 学 院 专 业 英 语 年 级 2009 级 学 号 学 生 指导教师 结稿日期 2013年5月10号 四川外语学院重庆南方翻译学院教务处制2013年5月10日填浅析呼啸山庄中希斯克利夫的爱与恨摘 要：艾米莉.勃朗特在呼啸山庄中，以爱情为主题，讲述了催人泪下的爱情故事，得到世界各地读者的同情，与此同时，它又从另一个侧面展现了人性与社会传统的冲突。本文揭示了人性的复杂与深刻

2、在于它所蕴含的爱与恨，而左右着人性的正是当时的社会传统。本文从希斯克利夫的成长环境，性格，与凯瑟琳的爱情来探讨人性与传统冲突的产物爱与恨，伴随主人公希斯克利夫一生的爱恨纠结。在社会传统的影响下，当爱情产生了恨，而恨往往把人性扭曲了，而有了一场社会文明下的悲剧人性爱情故事。而恰恰希斯克利夫对凯瑟琳的爱就是这样。在十九世纪那个“身份为先，金钱至上”的社会，希斯克利夫心中爱与恨的转变为他的一生划上了一个圆满的句号。关键词：希斯克利夫；社会传统；性格；爱；恨；Analysis of Love and Hate of Heathcliff in Wuthering Heights AbstractWut

3、hering Heights by Emily Bront, based on love, is tear-jerking and has caught the sympathies of readers all around the world. The novel demonstrates the collision between humanity and the social conventions. In it the author reveals the humanitys complexity and profundity that was based on the love a

4、nd resentment implied in the novel, which is impacted by the temporal social conventions. This paper tries to explore the conflict between human nature and tradition by analyzing Heathcliffs growth, personality and his love with Catherine, which coupled with Heathcliff through his whole life. Under

5、the impact of the social culture, when love turns to hate, hate twists humanity. Therefore, humanitys love tragedies come into being. So is the case of Heathcliffs love towards Catherine. In the nineteenth century, when people stuck to the principle “Status is first, money is God”, the change of the

6、 love and resentment of Heathcliff draws a perfect ending of his life. Key words: Heathcliff; social conventions; character; love; hate; Acknowledgements First and foremost, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to my supervisor, Tang Yujuan, both for her intellectual guidance and for her w

7、arm and constant encouragement during the process of writing this thesis. With patience and prudence, she labored through drafts of this thesis and point out defects in my theorizing. Therefore, I owe all the merits in this thesis, if any, to her, though I am fully aware that the thesis might still

8、contain some mistake, for which I bear the whole responsibility.My cordial and sincere thanks go to all the teachers in the School of International Business, whose interesting and informative courses have benefited me a lot during my college years. The profit that I gained from their profound knowle

9、dge, remarkable expertise and intellectual ingenuity will be of everlasting significance to my future life and career.I am also very grateful to my classmates, who have given me a lot of help and courage during my stay in the University and throughout the process of writing this thesis.Last but not

10、the least, big thanks go to my family who have shared with me my worries, frustrations, and hopefully my ultimate happiness in the eventually finishing this thesis. Contents中文摘要. = 1 * roman i Abstract. = 2 * roman ii Acknowledgements. = 3 * roman iii Introduction.1 = 1 * ROMAN I. The Background.3 A

11、. The Background of the Writer3B. The Social Background of Wuthering Heights.3II. Special Character Influenced by Special Environment.5A. The Nature and Social Environment.5B. Culture and Humanity at That Time.7C. The Love Between Heathcliff and Catherine.7III. Special Love and Hate Influenced by Sp

12、ecial Character.12A. Heathcliffs Love for Catherine Caused by Nature.12 B. Heathcliffs Hate Caused by Culture13C. Love and Hate Which Torture Heathcliff Himself.14D. Humanitys Love Making Heathcliff Lose the Primitive Pleasure.15IV. The Rebirth of Natural Character.17Conclusion.19Notes.21Bibliograph

13、y.22Analysis of Love and Hate of Heathcliff in Wuthering HeightsIntroductionWuthering Heights is an exquisite treasure in the gallery of the world literature. Ever since its publication, it has attracted the attention of the world and sprung numerous studies on its theme, structure, characterization

14、, delving of human psychologies, explorations in social problems and writing techniques.This novel was written in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century. The writer wanted to expose the cruelty of the society by analyzing the reasons why Heathcliff formed such characters and revealed the d

15、istorted human nature in the deformed society. This paper will analyze the Heathcliffs love and hate influenced by his special characters. We should find out the relationship between the special environment first, only in this way can we understand the hero more about his characters and his behavior

16、s. It is the prerequisite for the analysis of Heathcliffs characters.Heathcliff had a double character; there are several reasons for him to form the characters. We should analyze the heros characters in different views. There are different factors in different environments that would generally lead

17、 to the formation of his special characters. Only when we analyze the heros characters from the different point of views can we understand more about his characters.We can also understand Heathcliffs special characters by analyzing the love between Heathcliff and Catherine. This was not a usual love

18、; it surpassed the love of the average people in our life. It was the love that never changed. Catherine and Heathcliffs passion was stronger and more lasting than any other emotions displayed in other novels, and it was the major conflicts that structure the plot of the novel. Actually, the betraye

19、d love was another reason for the development of Heathcliffs characters. Catherine was the sole hope of Heath cliff to live in this world. Catherines betrayal made Heathcliffs extreme love turn into extreme hated, and began his constant revenge. We can say that, it was the betrayed love that made He

20、athcliff see through the cruel society and decided to use the extreme measures to revenge the society and to revenge everything related to Catherine, and finally he won. Love is the eternal theme. Life is based on the everlasting love. The writer described a special love between Catherine and Heathc

21、liff and led us to have a deep thinking of the life. He changed characters would expose the complex and cruel society that twisted the human nature, and also displayed the relationship between the environment and human beings. The significance is that we can understand the real reasons influences He

22、athcliffs love and hate and by analyzing the love between Heathcliff and Catherine, we can have a deep understanding of our life, and we can also analyze the heros characters through Heathcliffs pursuit of love.The special characters doomed the special love and hate. The heros special characters, th

23、e extreme love and the extreme hated doomed his cruelty and the extreme revenge to his lover and the social environment. Through this ending, we can have a deep thinking of the life. This is one of the most important reasons for me to write this essay. Only by describing how the hero walks into this

24、 special destiny can we get the significance of life.Emily Bronts Wuthering Heights was considered the most peculiar novel in the history of English literature. The writer described a bumpy and rough love between Heathcliff and Catherine to display the oppression to the cruel society to the people a

25、nd it was the special value of people in that era that distorted the human nature. The paper aims at exposing the cruelty of the capitalist society and the disruption to the human beings, and analyzes the true reasons of Heathcliffs love and hate. On the other hand, it wants to let readers think mor

26、e about the life by analyzing the love between Heathcliff and Catherine. This special love between Heathcliff and Catherine was the tragedy of the society and the era.I. The BackgroundA. The Background of the WriterEmily Bront, British poet and novelist of the 19th century, was born in Thornton, a s

27、mall county in the north of Yorkshire, England, in the year of 1818. She moved to Haworth with her parents when she was two and their house was located at the top of the area. Her mother died soon. Bront sisters lived with their father, and Emilys father was very fond of literature and had a great i

28、nfluence upon Bront sisters. About Emilys life, there was little materials remained and most people believed that Emily is introverted and did not show her feelings easily, she was taciturn on appearance while at the same time had the most intensive passions inside. Emily had no experience of love a

29、ffairs and had got through most of her fugacious life in an isolated circumstance with an irresistible love for the vast moors of Yorkshire. Except housework, she spent all her time on it. Bront sisters found great pleasure playing outside in the vast, rough, untouched moorland wilderness. This was

30、especially so with Emily, who, a rather reserved and simple girl, was very much a child of nature. She was never tired of staying outside in the open moorland in all weathers and never at ease when she was away from it. It could be said that its the moors which present her with infinite inspirations

31、 to create Wuthering Heights and in fact, the background of this story was just this environment of asperity. Wuthering Heights was the only novel of Emily Bront. It was published in December 1847. Apart from Wuthering Heights Emily Bront had created 193 poems. B. The Social Background of Wuthering

32、Heights When Emily Bront wrote this novel, the Great Britain was in the social turbulence of the times, and the English economy was severely depressed. The capitalist social had a rapid development. With the contradiction of the society, a lot of flaws were exposed under the sunshine. The violent so

33、cial contradiction, the cruel and complex social realities were all mixed together. Although Emily Bront never joined in any campaign, the disturbed society and the revolt spirit influenced her deeply. Emily Bront tried to use the artistic form to explain the oppression to the spirit of the human be

34、ing in the nineteenth capitalist society. She created a real life scene which covered the completely twist, terror and despair. The writer believed that peoples desire for happiness was natural and rational. Most of us had such dream. However, the society restrained the reasonable desire and put the

35、 restrained desire into a deformed growth. The bad result was that it made the healthy and positive element change into the ill and negative one, and also broke up the society. Heathcliff was such a man who was twisted by the capitalist society. When the warm-hearted Heathcliff suffered the insult a

36、nd torture, he saw through the cruelty of the life and the society. Then he became a devil. The double characters were formed completely as the result of social oppression. As Arnold Kettle, the English critic, said, “Wuthering Heights is an expression in the imaginative terms of art of the stresses

37、 and tensions and conflicts, personal and spiritual, of nineteenth-century capitalist society.”1 II. Special Character Decided by Special EnvironmentThe Nature and Social Environment Before we analyze the characters of Heathcliff, we should know something about the environment of that era in which t

38、he hero lived. First lets see the natural environment. When Mr. Earnshaw came back from Liverpool, he took a gipsy waif and gave a name to him-Heathcliff. Mr. Earnshaw had a bleak farmhouse on the windswept Yorkshire moors named Wuthering Heights. Wuthering Heights was located on a hill and constant

39、ly suffered from the wild winds. “Heights” means “high place.” “Wuthering” being a significant provincial adjective is used to describe the sound of wind blowing in storming weather. The sound of the wind was like a crying wolf in the savage village. In the village you can hear nothing but the sound

40、 “Wuthering”. There was a description of the natural environment of the Wuthering Heights at the beginning of the novel “one may guess the power of the north wind blowing over the edge, by the excessive slant of a few stunted firs at the end of the house; and by a range of gaunt thorns all stretchin

41、g their limbs one way, as if craving alms of the sun.” This description had a symbolic significance; the constantly violent north wind forced the trees of the Heights towards one side instead of growing to the sky, so the dispirited trees lost its beautiful figures. The nature of the trees was disto

42、rted by the wind, and in this novel the nature of the trees was the nature of the human being. At the same time the nature of people always suffered from the pressure of violence. Just like the dispirited trees, the human nature had been twisted and destroyed. Through the description of Wuthering He

43、ights we can also see that the writer described a lot of bleak and desolate setting in order to show although the place was full of violence, the protagonist, just like the banding trees and the weeds would never object to the power of nature. In addition, the name of Heathcliff also reflects his ch

44、aracters. Heathcliff is the combination of heath and cliff, heath is one kind of weeds. It means that some weed grows on the cliff. We can also find that there are some weeds growing on the way to the Wuthering Heights. This had indicated Heathcliffs characters: stubborn and self-reliant. Their pass

45、ions, their strong love and hatred all defy the material and the wild nature. It seemed that the storm and violence were their natural language. Actually, the social environment was the most important reason for Heathcliff to form his characters. When Britain was in the social turbulence of the time

46、s, Emily Bront created “Wuthering Heights”. When the social economy developed rapidly, the capitalist system exposed its defects which showed the terrible social conflicts and the complex social reality. Although Emily Bront never joined in any campaign, the distributed mood and revolted spirit infl

47、uenced her. So she created Heathcliff, a victim and a revolter. The characters of Heathcliff were developed in this special environment. There was no doubt that money was the God of the capitalist society; unfortunately Heathcliff lived in the place where poverty was shameful. Whether you had the pr

48、ocess of hard work, if you were still in rags, you were to be shamed. The endless poverty was like a knife constantly carving and changing the characters of Heathcliff. Heathcliff was an orphan, deprived of human warm and also he was poor. But it was lucky for him to be adopted by Earnshaw who was t

49、he master of Wuthering Heights and he changed his poor situation. It was the love that made Heathcliffs heart filled with gratitude, and he fell in love with Catherine. Although Hindley disliked him and often insulted him, he decided to dedicate all his life to hold their love. This happy life laste

50、d for a long time until Mr. Earnshaw died, Heathcliff lost everything such as the dignity and his social status, and this change reduced Heathcliff as a servant. He became poor again, but he didnt care for he owned Catherines love. Catherine was his life, and was the hope of the life. However this l

51、ove didnt last for a long time, Catherine subjected to this secular society and money. The final decision was to marry Thrushcross Grange masters-Edgar. While she said “ I love Edgar just like the leaves ,when the winter change the trees, the time will change the leaves; but my love to Heathcliff ju

52、st like the rock under the tree, although it seemed that the happiness is not sufficient, the happiness is necessary and everlasting”. We can imagine that when Heathcliff heard that it would degrade Catherine to marry him, he felt broken at that time. Catherines betrayal of love destroyed the last h

53、ope in his heart, the extreme love turned into the extreme hated, and it was the strong hated that caused him to form his characters-rigid, unyielding and cruel. It seemed that everything was caused by Catherines betrayal but in fact it exposed the strong trend of value at that era-poverty was shame

54、ful.B. Culture and Humanity at That TimeIn the nineteenth century, the noblemen of the Victorian period are enormously proud of their success, full of the temporal rank concept. Status is first, money is God. Peoples spirits suffer from the intense oppression. Humanity is twisted without mercy. The

55、Earnshows hold a precarious place within the hierarchy. Although the gentry, possessed servants and often large estates, they nonetheless hold a fragile social position. The Lintons are relatively firm in their gentrys status, but the Earnshows are on much shakier ground social. Catherine wants to m

56、arry Edgar so that she will be “the greatest woman of the neighborhood”. Above all, this is the social culture and humanity at that time. C. The Love Between Heathcliff and Catherine Heathcliff is abandoned in the street of Liverpool when he is still a child. From the moment Heathcliff arrives at Wu

57、thering Heights, he throws the family into contention and feels lonely at the beginning. Though Earnshaw adopts him and cherishes him very much, he receives cold receptions and is repelled by most of the members of the Earnshaws, especially the hostility of Hindley. After Earnshaw passed away, Heath

58、cliff is driven out of the sitting room by Hindley, becomes a slave. He is not only forced to be a coolie but also tormented by the spirit. The treatment Heathcliff receives is “enough to make a fiend of a Saint” talking as Nelly. But Catherine and Heathcliff soon become loyal companions and champio

59、ns of one another and the two indulge in their love of the wild landscape by spending as much time as possible alone together on the moors. Their relationship becomes so strong and reciprocal that the friendship between them develops into passionate love. They think they belong to each other. Cather

60、ine even thinks that Heathcliff is more herself than she is. Whatever their souls are made of, his and hers are the same. To Heathcliff, Catherine is the only light, warmth and pillar of his life. Without her friendship and love, this world is the hell to him. Because of Hindleys determination on se